Journal of Oral Science Research

Conception, Classification, and Clinicopathologic Features of Oral Lichenoid Lesions

LU Rui, ZHOU Gang

2021, 37(12): 1063-1068. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2021.12.001

Abstract ( 435 )

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Oral lichenoid lesions (OLLs) are a group of oral lesions that have clinical and histopathological features similar to oral lichen planus (OLP), or indicate an uncertain diagnosis of OLP. These disorders share similarities in clinical and histopathological manifestations, but contain obvious disparities in various aspects such as epidemiology, pathogenesis, response to therapies, risk of malignant transformation and prognosis. Understanding and distinguishing these clinical entities, therefore, is pivotal for the precise management. In this review, the conception, classification and clinicopathologic features of various OLLs are introduced.

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Progress of Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders

ZHANG Yaoguang, FANG Wei

2021, 37(12): 1069-1072. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2021.12.002

Abstract ( 467 )

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Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs) is a common clinical disease with complex etiology. The diagnostic criteria for TMDs are constantly evolving. This paper summarizes the improvement from RDC/TMD to DC/TMD and the clinical application of DC/TMD. Suggestions are also puts forward for the development and improvement of TMD diagnostic criteria.

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Effect of Surgery on Upper Airway and OSAHS of Skeletal Class Ⅱ Patients: a Review

ZHOU Ying, HU Min

2021, 37(12): 1073-1075. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2021.12.003

Abstract ( 226 )

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The shape and patency of upper airway are closely related to breathing and sleep quality. Inadequate mandibular development may promote upper airway stenosis in patients with skeletal class Ⅱ, or even cause obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) in severe cases. At present, the clinical treatment of severe skeletal class Ⅱ patients mainly adopts a combination of orthodontic and orthognathic treatment. The surgical procedures mainly include mandibular sagittal splitting, maxillomandibular advancement, genioplasty, and distraction osteogenesis. In order to better understand the relationship between upper airway morphology and OSAHS, and to explore more effective clinical treatment approaches for patients with skeletal class Ⅱ, this article reviews the effects of different surgical methods on upper airway and OSAHS in patients with skeletal class Ⅱ.

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Advances in Masticatory Muscle Virtual Modeling Technology and Its Application

CHEN Junpeng, WANG Jing

2021, 37(12): 1076-1079. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2021.12.004

Abstract ( 210 )

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With the development of digital surgical technology, virtual modeling technology plays an increasingly important role in the research and clinical treatment of oral and maxillofacial surgeries. On the basis of static bone tissue modeling, masticatory muscle model has been gradually applied to realize the simulation of masticatory muscle dynamics and mandibular functional movement. This paper reviews the advances in masticatory muscle virtual modeling technology and its application, introduces the application scenario of virtual modeling in the study of masticatory muscle morphology, motion and function, and analyzes the problems existing in the current application and the future development direction.

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Drug Sedation Technology Commonly Used in Pediatric Dentistry

NIE Juan, DING Guicong

2021, 37(12): 1080-1083. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2021.12.005

Abstract ( 211 )

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Compared with adults, a higher proportion of children in pediatric dentistry need to receive dental treatment under sedation, which is indicated when behavior management is unsuccessful. Pediatric sedation can help children with dental anxiety complete the treatment successfully. In this review, the commonly used pediatric sedation techniques are systematically reviewed, and the development in this field is introduced.

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A Survey of Application of Digital Technology in Hubei Dental Practice

Aihemaiti·MUHETAER, YANG Hongye, ZHAO Yaning, HUANG Cui

2021, 37(12): 1084-1088. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2021.12.006

Abstract ( 234 )

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Objective: To identify the infiltration of digital technologies in Hubei dental practice. Methods: Using stratified random sampling method, 13 regions of Hubei Province was selected, covering public and private dental clinics. A questionnaire survey was conducted on the application of 12 digital technologies in clinical practice. The data were analyzed using SPSS 26.0 (Statistical Package Social Sciences) software. Results: A total of 621 valid questionnaires were collected. Among the respondents, 81.2 % of dentists had used digital technology, with CBCT (65.7%) being the most used, followed by intraoral scanning (38.5%) and model/impression scanning (30%), while the use of facial scanning and virtual articulator was only 5% and 4.3%, respectively. There were significant differences in the application of digital technology in age, educational background, and type of work (P<0.05). Continuing education(53.1%), self-learning(58.6%)and systematic training(47.7%)were the three most common ways of learning digital technologies. The majority of respondents (78.4%) felt that high initial investment cost was the main barrier adopting digital technology. Conclusion: Gradually realizing digital software and hardware localization can reduce equipment costs and improve the popularity of digital technology. Continuing education and systematic training should be added to solve unfamiliarity with digital technology and lack of knowledge/training.

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Clinical Application of Digital Complete Overdenture Based on Intraoral Scanner and Implant Template

LI Hao, WANG Shengnan

2021, 37(12): 1089-1093. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2021.12.007

Abstract ( 180 )

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Objective: To investigate the clinical application of digital complete overdenture based on intraoral scanner and implant template. Methods: A total of 64 patients from Jan 2017 to Dec 2019 were randomly divided into the control group and experimental group. The control group was treated with conventional complete d enture, while the experimental group was treated with digital complete overdenture based on intraoral scanner and implant template. The implant success rate, peri-implant marginal bone loss, implant position deviation, and denture satisfaction were compared between two groups. Results: The implant success rate in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group, and peri-implant marginal bone loss was lower than that in t he control group (P<0.05). The apex deviation, neck deviation, angular deviation, and depth deviation in the observation group were all lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). The patients' satisfaction with masticatory function, fixed function, and comfort degree was higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: The application of digital complete overdenture based on intraoral scanner and implant template can improve the implant success rate, reduce the peri-implant marginal bone loss and implant position deviation, and improve the satisfaction of denture.

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Comparative Study on Images of Full Crown with Four Kinds of Restoration Materials by CBCT and MSCT

HUANG Wenbo, DU Shenzhao, ZENG Jing, GU Yaodong

2021, 37(12): 1094-1098. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2021.12.008

Abstract ( 227 )

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Objective: To explore the artifact characteristics of images of full crown made with different restoration materials by cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and multi-slice CT (MSCT), and to explore the difference of radiation dose between two techniques. Methods: A total of 148 patients who used different restoration materials for full crown in our hospital from January 2018 to October 2020 were selected. They were divided into a silver-palladium alloy group (38 cases, 75 teeth), cobalt-chromium alloy group (36 cases, 73 tablets), nickel-chromium alloy group (34 cases, 77 tablets), and pure titanium group (40 cases, 79 tablets), all of whom received CBCT and MSCT examinations. The artifact index, area of artifact, shape of artifact, and other features were compared, and the effective radiation dose (ED) during the inspection processes was also inspected. Results: The artifact index, buccal-lingual direction, far-near-medium artifact diameter, strip shape, and solid artifact area of four restoration materials with CBCT were smaller than those with MSCT (P<0.05). The images were increased with the increasing of material density (P<0.05). The ED of four restoration materials during CBCT examination was significantly lower than that during MSCT examination (P＜0.05). Conclusion: Concerning to the full crown images, CBCT is better than MSCT, and low-density restoration materials is better.

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Effect of Radiofrequency Thermal Coagulation in Treatment of Trigeminal Neuralgia through Puncture of Foramen Ovale Assisted by 3D Tooth Supported Guide

CHEN Donglei, XIE Dongping, ZHENG Zheng, ZHOU Yuqiang, CHEN Yongjun, WANG Xiang

2021, 37(12): 1099-1103. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2021.12.009

Abstract ( 170 )

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Objective: To investigate the effect of intraoperative and postoperative treatment of trigeminal neuralgia through puncture of foramen ovale assisted by 3D printing tooth supported guide plate. Methods: Forty patients with trigeminal neuralgia from January 2019 to May 2021 were randomly divided into 2 groups. Group A (Control group): foramen ovale was punctured according to Hartel's anterior approach, and radiofrequency therapy was performed after the foramen ovale was penetrated and the cranial depth was determined by ear-bed line positioning. Group B (Guide plate group): the puncture was guided by 3D guide plate, and radiofrequency therapy was performed after cranial depth was determined by ear-bed line positioning. Visual analogue score (VAS) before and after operation, pain disappearance immediately and 1 month after surgery, operative time, number of puncture, complications, and puncture deviation degree were analyzed in both groups. Results: Compared with control group, there were no significant differences in the pain disappearance immediately and 1 month after surgery (P>0.05). There were significant differences in the number of puncture, puncture deviation degree, operation time, and complications between two groups (P<0.05). The guide plate closely adapted to the teeth. Conclusion: Using 3D printing guide plate to puncture foramen ovale has obvious advantages, which can reduce patient trauma, reduce X-ray radiation, and reduce puncture deviation.

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Retrospective Study of 199 Cases of Tuberculous Lymphadenitis in Maxillofacial and Cervical Region

Adilijiang·SAIMAITI, WU Xubin, ZHANG Simin, Maimaititu·XUNTUERDI

2021, 37(12): 1104-1107. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2021.12.010

Abstract ( 173 )

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Objective: To analyze the clinical data of 199 patients with tuberculous lymphadenitis in maxillofacial and cervical region. Methods: The clinical data of 199 patients confirmed by pathological examination in our hospital from 2010 to the end of 2019 were retrospective analyzed. Results: There were 62 males and 137 females. Forty-five patients had obvious pain and discomfort. Only three patients had tuberculosis history. Most of the cases were multiple enlarged lymphonodus with different sizes. The distribution frequency of enlarged lymphonodus in the maxillofacial and cervical region were Ⅴ>Ⅱ>Ⅰ> parotid region >Ⅵ>Ⅲ>Ⅳ. CT diagnosis included 47 cases of tuberculosis, 17 cases of malignant tumors, 19 cases of infectious diseases, and 48 cases of uncertain. Chest X-ray examination showed tuberculosis of lung or pleura in 31 cases. The relevance rate of caseous necrosis between early and last five years pathological specimen was obviously different (P<0.05). There were 36 positive patients out of 45 patients with T-SPOT examination. Conclusion: Tuberculous lymphadenitis in maxillofacial and cervical region is the most common extrapulmonary tuberculosis. It is necessary to strengthen the prevention of young people. CT enhanced scan and T-SPOT examination had higher diagnostic value than other examinations.

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Clinical Effect of Digital Positioning Guide Template in Extraction of Complete Bone Impacted Teeth

RU Yue, LIU Guoliang, WANG Ling

2021, 37(12): 1108-1114. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2021.12.011

Abstract ( 186 )

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Objective: To explore and evaluate the clinical effect of digital positioning guide template in extraction of complete bone impacted teeth based on CBCT and CAD/CAM technology. Methods: A total of 36 patients treated in the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinic of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from January 2020 to December 2020 were selected, who used digital positioning guide template to extract complete bone impacted teeth, including 15 males and 21 females. The teeth positioning time, operation time, fenestration area, operative blood loss, operative and postoperative complications were recorded. Results: All patients successfully completed the operation. The average time to position the complete bone impacted teeth using the digital positioning guide plate was (1.85±0.64) min, the average operation time was (24.15±2.88) min, the average operative fenestration area was (63.81±8.69) mm², and the average operative blood loss was (8.87±1.89) mL. There were no operative complications, such as positioning deviation, adjacent tooth injury, restricted mouth opening, and nerve and blood vessel damage. One patients had air leak of maxillary sinus after the extraction, and one patient had infection of the extraction wound 5 days after the operation. Conclusion: The use of digital positioning guide template can achieve good clinical results in minimally invasive extraction of complete bone impacted teeth.

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Parotid and Temporal Defect Restoration with Submental Musculocutaneous Island Flap

QIAN Yemei, WANG Weihong, ZHU Jin, ZOU Zhirong, YU Lifu, LUO Lei

2021, 37(12): 1115-1118. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2021.12.012

Abstract ( 177 )

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Objective: To explore the feasibility and therapeutic effect of submental musculocutaneous island flap to restore parotid and temporal defects. Methods: The antegrade and reverse submental musculocutaneous island flaps were prepared by simulated anatomy on the cadaver, and the feasibility of repairing parotid and temporal defects was evaluated. From November 2014 to December 2020, the postoperative defects of 11 cases of malignant tumors in the parotid area were repaired with the antegrade submental musculocutaneous island flaps, and 2 cases of malignant postoperative defects of the temporal area were repaired with the reverse submental musculocutaneous island flaps. Results: Whether in autopsy or clinical operation, the tissue and vascular pedicles of the antegrade and reverse submental musculocutaneous island flaps could be used to repair parotid and temporal defects, respectively. All 13 cases of submental musculocutaneous island flaps survived, with good function and aesthetic effects. No functional impairment at the donor sites occurred in all cases. Conclusion: The submental musculocutaneous island flap is a feasible and acceptable technique for the reconstructions of parotid and temporal defects.

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Significance of Laminin, Integrin α6β1, and Focal Adhesion Kinase in Parotid Atrophy Induced by Main Duct Ligation in Rats

YU Chenglong, YANG Yong, XUE Boyuan, LI Jianwei, GAO Hong, SONG Jiaojiao, LIU Guoqi, ZUO Jinhua

2021, 37(12): 1119-1124. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2021.12.013

Abstract ( 141 )

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Objective: To study the expression of laminin, integrin α6β1, and focal adhesion kinase in parotid gland atrophy process in rats, and to explore the signaling mechanism of parotid gland atrophy. Methods: A ligation model of left parotid duct was established in 54 rats, and fresh parotid tissue was obtained at 0 (control group), 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, 21, and 30 days after ligation (n=6). The histological changes of parotid gland were observed using hematoxylin eosin staining (HE), and the localization and expression of laminin, integrin α6β1, and focal adhesion kinase were detected by immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time PCR. Results: Parotid gland gradually atrophied after duct ligation. The expression of laminin and integrin α6β1 decreased during the first 3 days after duct ligation, and reached the lowest value on the day 3 (P<0.05), and the integrity of distribution of laminin and integrin α6β1 in the base of acinar cells was damaged; then the expression of laminin and integrin α6β1 gradually raised and reached the peak on the 14th day, and then decreases (P<0.05). The focal adhesion kinase decreases continuously during parotid atrophy (P<0.05). Conclusion: Laminin/integrin α6β1/focal adhesion kinase may act as a signaling pathway during parotid gland atrophy, which can respond to mechanical stimulation generated by duct ligation and transmit mechanical signals into cells, and participate in regulating the parotid atrophy process.

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Effect of Size of Demineralized Human Dentin Matrix on Vertical Bone Augmentation

LI Ruipiao, WANG Zhiying, FENG Song

2021, 37(12): 1125-1129. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2021.12.014

Abstract ( 171 )

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Objective: To explore the effect of demineralized human dentin matrix materials with different particle sizes on the vertical bone augmentation of rabbit skulls. Methods: Six New Zealand white rabbits were selected. Three 9mm circular fissures were prepared on each rabbit skull and a titanium container was fixed on top of them. The materials were implanted in the container. Group A was implanted with demineralized human dentin matrix with particle size at 0.25-0.5 mm. Group B was implanted with matrix with particle size at 0.5-1 mm. Group C was control group. CBCT examination and histological observation and analysis were performed 12 weeks after implantation. Results: CBCT results showed that three groups had obvious new bone formation. The new bone grew vertically from the basal bone. The demineralized human dentin matrix combined with rabbit skull stably, and the vertical bone height was maintained well. Histological observations showed that the interface between the matrix and bone had varying degrees of vascularization and new bone. There was no difference on the rate of new bone formation between group A and B (P>0.05). Conclusion: Demineralized human dentin matrix had good osteoconductivity and osteoinductivity. The particle size has no significant effect on the vertical bone augmentation.

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Clinical Analysis of "Sausage Technique" in Horizontal Bone Augmentation of Mandibular Posterior Teeth

GUO Qianwen, LIU Mingli, HAN Wenli, QU Zhe

2021, 37(12): 1130-1134. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2021.12.015

Abstract ( 450 )

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Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of "sausage technique" in the posterior mandibular region. Methods: Twenty-four patients with a horizontal bone width of less than 5 mm were selected in the mandibular posterior teeth area, and the "sausage technique" was used for bone augmentation. At 6 months after implantation, the success rate, biological complications, and stability coefficient (ISQ value) were counted, and the bone increment and bone resorption rate were measured at 6 months after bone grafting. Results: The success rate of 46 implants was 100%, and no complications occurred in all cases. ISQ value increased 6 months after implantation. After bone grafting, the horizontal bone mass was significantly improved, and the bone resorption rate was (35.90±8.10)% at 6 months. Conclusion: The use of "sausage technology" for bone augmentation can achieve good clinical results.

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Clinical Effect of CGF Application on Palatal Wound Healing after Free Gingival Graft Harvesting

LIANG Yuan, LUO Yi, SHEN Jingtao, WANG Si, ZHOU Qiao

2021, 37(12): 1135-1138. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2021.12.016

Abstract ( 172 )

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Objective: To compare the healing effect between concentrated growth factor (CGF) membranes and conventional treatment for palatal wounds, resulting from free gingival graft (FGG) harvesting. Methods: Thirty patients requiring FGG were included in this study. After FGG harvesting, CGF group (n=16) received CGF membranes and iodoform sponges at the palatal wound while control group (n=14) only receiving iodoform sponges. Wound healing area of the palatal wound, mucosal condition, and postoperative pain were assessed 3, 7, 14, and 30 days after operation. Results: CGF group healed better on the palatal wound (P＜0.05) than that of control group except for 3 days of follow-up. As for postsurgical mucosal state, CGF group had more favorable outcomes immediately after operation and 3 and 7 days postoperation (P＜0.05). At 30 days postoperation, both groups showed total recovery. Further, control group experienced higher pain level and discomfort P＜0.05) until the 14th day. Conclusion: CGF membranes significantly promote the healing process and soothe the postsurgical pain for palatal wound healing.

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Effect of bFGF-loaded Thermosensitive Hydrogel on Osteogenic Differentiation of Rat Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Vitro

SI Chao, ZOU Xinying, LIU Yue, ZHANG Peipei, XU Yishan, HAO Yifan, GONG Baijuan

2021, 37(12): 1139-1144. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2021.12.017

Abstract ( 190 )

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Objective: To synthesize bFGF-loaded chitosan/β-glycerophosphate/gelatin thermosensitive hydrogel and study its effect on osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs). Methods: The chitosan/β-glycerophosphate/gelatin thermosensitive hydrogel was prepared and characterized by electron microscope after freeze-drying. The toxicity of hydrogel was detected. The CCK-8 method was used to screen out the optimum concentration of thermosensitive hydrogel loaded with bFGF to promote BMMSCs proliferation. The effects of bFGF-loaded thermosensitive hydrogel on osteogenic differentiation of BMMSCs were confirmed by ALP staining, alizarin red staining, and semi-quantitative analysis of the calcium nodules. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used for detecting the effect of bFGF-loaded thermosensitive hydrogel on osteogenesis-related gene expression of BMMSCs. Results: The chitosan/β-glycerophosphate/gelatin thermosensitive hydrogel was successfully prepared, and the pore size of the freeze-drying hydrogel under scanning electron microscope was between 20 and 80 μm. The results of live/dead cells staining showed that the chitosan/β-glycerophosphate/gelatin thermosensitive hydrogel had good biocompatibility. The bFGF-loaded thermosensitive hydrogel could significantly promote the proliferation of BMMSCs in a dose-dependent manner, and the optimum concentration was 100 ng/mL. In the bFGF-loaded thermosensitive hydrogel group, ALP expression and calcium nodule formation (P<0.05)both increased. Also, the expression of osteogenesis-related genes ALP, BMP-2, and Runx2 increased in the bFGF-loaded thermosensitive hydrogel group. Conclusion: The bFGF-loaded thermosensitive hydrogel can promote the osteogenic differentiation of rat BMMSCs.

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Animal Study on Osteogenic Effect of Autogenous Fresh Demineralized Tooth Graft in Different Types of Bone Defect

XIAO Jianping, LI Lili, LI Houxuan, TAN Baochun

2021, 37(12): 1145-1149. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2021.12.018

Abstract ( 139 )

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Objective: To evaluate the practicability of autogenous fresh demineralized tooth graft (Auto-FDT) in preservation of extraction sites and periodontal regeneration. Methods: The upper and lower third incisors of two beagle dogs were extracted, and then the eight extraction sockets were randomly divided into two groups: control group (4 sites), natural healing after tooth extraction, no material implantation; experimental group (4 sites), the Auto-FDT was put into extraction sockets after tooth extraction with barrier membrane covered. Meanwhile, ten furcation bone defects were established at the mandibular premolars. And the defects were randomly divided into two groups: the control group (4 sites), natural healing withought bone graft; the experimental group, implanted the Auto-FDT and membrane. After 12 weeks, the animals were euthanized and the jaw specimens were taken. The effect of bone regeneration was evaluated through CBCT and histological analysis. Results: CBCT images showed that the average gray value of the experimental group of extraction sites was significantly higher than that of the control group, and the average gray value of the experimental group of furcation lesions was significantly higher than that of the control group. Pathological sections showed that grafting of the Auto-FDT maintained the regeneration space well, and active new bone formation was observed around the granules. Part of the Auto-FDT particles were replaced. Conclusion: Autogenous fresh demineralized tooth graft is a promising bone substitute material for periodontal regeneration.

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Chir99021 Regulates Osteogenic/Dentinogenic Differentiation of Dental Pulp Stem Cells through Wnt/β-catenin Signaling Pathway

XIE Huilan, FANG Fang, LIN Yi

2021, 37(12): 1150-1155. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2021.12.019

Abstract ( 229 )

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Objective: To investigate the effect of osteogenic and dentiparous differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells through Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway controlled by Chir99021 and its possible mechanism. Methods: HDPSCs were purified and cultured. DSP and Vimentin were detected by immunofluorescence. The effects of different concentrations of Chir99021 on HDPSCs proliferation was detected by CCK-8. Three groups were prepared according to the culture medium, as follows: blank control group was normal culture, experimental control group was osteogenic induction culture, and experimental group was osteogenic induction and Chir99021 culture. Lycopene staining method was used to detect calcium deposits. qPCR was used to detect Axin2, β-catenin, and GSK-3β in day 5, 10, and 15. Western blotting was used to detect Runx2, ALP, OC, DSPP and collagen Ⅰ in day 5, 10, and 15. Results: DSP and Vimentin were positive in purified HDPSCs. The best concentration of Chir99021 was 2000 nmol/L. The calcium deposits of experimental group were significantly more than other groups. β-catenin and Axin2 of experimental group was significantly higher than those of other groups (P<0.05). GSK-3β of experimental group was significantly lower (P<0.05). Runx2 and ALP were significantly expressed in the control group and experimental group (P<0.05). OC of experimental group was significantly higher (P<0.05). DSPP and collagen Ⅰ were significantly expressed in the experimental group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Osteogenic and dentiparous differentiation of HDPSCs were activated by Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway controlled by Chir99021.

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Spontaneous Bone Formation on Maxillary Sinus Floor after Filling Extraction Socket with Bone Grafting Materials: A Case Report

LIU Zongyi, YU Changying

2021, 37(12): 1156-1158. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2021.12.020

Abstract ( 266 )

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This article reports a case of spontaneous bone formation on the maxillary sinus floor. This patient was scheduled to undergo dental implant surgery after extraction of maxillary left first premolar. The preoperative CBCT showed that bone density of extraction socket was low and the bottom of extraction socket was close to maxillary sinus floor. After tooth extraction and cleaning of granulation tissue, the socket was filled with bone graft material and covered with resorbable collagen membrane, and gingival flap was tightly sutured. Six months later, CBCT showed that new bone formed under the membrane of maxillary sinus floor. The vertical bone height was increased from approximately 6 mm to 10 mm.

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