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28 January 2022, Volume 38 Issue 1 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Risk Assessment of Oral Diseases and Therapy CHEN Zhi, ZHOU Linfang 2022, 38(1): 1-8.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2022.01.001 Abstract ( 435 )   PDF (1259KB) ( 701 )   Risk assessment is to quantify the possible degree of impact or loss caused by a certain event or thing. Evaluating the risks of oral diseases and diagnoses and treatment techniques can effectively discover the risk factors of oral diseases, and deal with and control various risks during diagnosis and treatment process of oral diseases. This article introduces the commonly used risk assessment systems or risk assessment tools in the course of the diagnosis and treatment of oral diseases, and looks for evidence-based medicine to evaluate the commonly used risk assessment systems. The author calls for improving the current process of diagnosis and treatment, and attaching importance to the development and promotion of various risk assessment systems. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Smart Biomaterials in Dentistry HE Yanjin, CHEN Wenchuan 2022, 38(1): 9-12.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2022.01.002 Abstract ( 610 )   PDF (813KB) ( 842 )   Biomedical materials are biofunctional materials used to repair or replace damaged tissues and organs, or to enhance their functions. With the collaborative development of materials science, materials manufacturing science, molecular cell biology, and other disciplines, the research and application of biomedical materials have made great progress. The smart biomaterials are a new generation of biomaterials that can sense and respond to external stimuli. Compared with the previous biomaterials, they emphasize the interaction and dynamic regulation between materials and tissues. The smart biomaterials show excellent performance and efficacy in dentistry such as targeted drug delivery carriers and tissue engineering scaffolds because of their good tissue reaction. This article reviews the development of biomedical materials and the research progress of smart biomaterials in dentistry, aiming to promote their research and clinical application in dentistry. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Development of Glass Ionomer Cement Modified by Nano-fillers ZHU Keshi, REN Liling 2022, 38(1): 13-16.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2022.01.003 Abstract ( 271 )   PDF (815KB) ( 708 )   Glass ionomer cement (GIC) has been universally used for tooth restoration. However, its insufficient antibacterial and mechanical properties usually lead to damage and secondary caries, resulting in the treatment failure. With the development of material technology, nano particle came into existence and has been utilized in the modification of GIC due to its excellent properties. However, current studies are still imperfect. Here, the researches on GIC modified by different nano-fillers are systematically reviewed. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress of Microporous Bioceramic Scaffolds in Bone Tissue Engineering CHEN Yi, WU Yanmin 2022, 38(1): 17-19.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2022.01.004 Abstract ( 241 )   PDF (782KB) ( 334 )   Bone tissue engineering has been focused on the design of optimal scaffold structure to promote bone regeneration. Recently, many studies have shown that the microporous structure plays an important role in the osteogenesis of bioceramic scaffolds. This article summarizes the research progress of microporous bioceramic scaffolds in bone tissue engineering from three aspects: mechanical properties, osteogenesis mechanism, and application as a carrier in bone repair. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Present Situation and Prospect in the Typing of Gingival Phenotype YANG Daguo, REN Xiuyun 2022, 38(1): 20-23.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2022.01.005 Abstract ( 466 )   PDF (807KB) ( 484 )   Gingival phenotype plays an important role in risk assessment, therapeutic regimen, and prognosis evaluation of oral treatment. According to the consensus report of European Federation of Periodontology and American Academy of Periodontology in 2018, the gingival phenotype is recommended to divide into two types by means of periodontal exploration: thin gingival thickness (≤1 mm) and thick gingival thickness (>1 mm). However, these two types have not been proved to be the best method to guide clinical practice, and the quantitative measurement of the gingival thickness is also significantly different from 1mm when the periodontal probe is visible. At present, more and more studies have suggested that classifying gingival phenotype into three types is more instructive for clinical practice, which has also been confirmed statistically. This article reviews on the typing of gingival phenotype. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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MUC1 Promotes Growth and Invasion of Salivary Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma Cells via EGFR/ERK Signaling Pathway LU Hao, XU Wanlin, WU Yifan, ZHU Yun, LIU Shengwen, Yang Wenjun 2022, 38(1): 24-29.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2022.01.006 Abstract ( 243 )   PDF (4183KB) ( 311 )   Objective: To investigate the effects of MUC1 on the biological properties of salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) cells and the underlying mechanisms. Methods: MUC1 silenced ACC cell line was constructed by lentivirus. Real-time PCR and western blotting were performed to evaluate the efficiency of MUC1 knock-down. CCK-8 assay was used to detect cell proliferation and plate colony assay was carried out to detect cell clone formation ability. Transwell assays were utilized to investigate cell migration and invasion ability. RNA-seq analysis was used to explore the molecular mechanisms regulated by MUC1. Results: MUC1 was knocked down in SACC cell by shRNA. The down-regulation of MUC1 attenuated the proliferation, migration, and invasion ability of SACC cells. RNA-seq analysis and western blot assay showed that MUC1 could regulate biological effects of SACC cells mainly via EGFR/ERK signaling pathway. Conclusion: MUC1 plays a crucial role in regulating ACC cell biological behaviors by regulating phosphorylation levels of EGFR/ERK and may play a role in the development of ACC. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression and Clinical Significance of CASZ1 in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma QI Yuanli, YAN Hongjuan, Zumu reti-guli·ABLANTI, ZHANG Chaojie, ZHAO Juhong, XU Jiang 2022, 38(1): 30-33.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2022.01.007 Abstract ( 254 )   PDF (1384KB) ( 166 )   Objective: To investigate the expression and clinical significance of CASZ1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methods: The expression of CASZ1 mRNA in OSCC was discussed through TCGA database. Immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression of CASZ1 protein in OSCC and adjacent normal tissues, and to analyze the relationship between the expression of CASZ1 protein and the clinicopathological features and prognosis of OSCC patients. Results: The results of TCGA database showed that the expression level of CASZ1 mRNA was down regulated in OSCC (P<0.001). The low expression rate of CASZ1 protein in OSCC tissues (65.6%, 80/122) was significantly higher than that in normal tissues adjacent to cancer (34.9%, 22/63, P<0.001). The low expression of CASZ1 protein was related to the T stage (P<0.05). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the overall survival rate of patients in the low expression group of CASZ1 protein was significantly lower than that in the high expression group (P<0.05). The results of multivariate COX regression model analysis showed that the low expression of CASZ1 protein and the T stage were independent factors affecting the prognosis of patients (P<0.05). Conclusion: The expression level of CASZ1 in OSCC is significantly reduced, and the low expression of CASZ1 protein is related to the short survival time of OSCC patients, which may be a new potential marker for poor prognosis in OSCC patients. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Detection of Epithelial-mesenchymal Transition Status of Circulating Tumor Cells in Patients with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma LI Yang, LI Wen, CHEN Zhuo, LI Shuaize, QIAO Bin 2022, 38(1): 34-38.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2022.01.008 Abstract ( 200 )   PDF (1349KB) ( 208 )   Objective: To investigate the correlation between the status of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methods: CanPatrolTM CTC-enrichment and situ hybridizatio (ISH) were used to isolate, identify, and classify CTCs from blood of 32 OSCC patients. Blood was collected from OSCC patients at 1 day before operation. CTCs were identified and characterized according to the EMT markers. Results: CTCs were classified into three subpopulations based on EMT markers: epithelial CTCs (e-CTCs), epithelial-mesenchymal-mixed CTCs (mix-CTC), and mesenchymal CTCs (m-CTCs). Total 198 CTCs were detected in all patients: 56 (28.3%) CTCs of them were e-CTCs, 128 (64.6%) were mix-CTCs, and 14 (7.1%) were m-CTCs. The average number of CTCs from each patient was 6.19±6.07 which included 1.75±1.91 of e-CTCs, 4.00±5.77 of mix-CTCs, and 0.44±0.63 of m---CTCs. The number of total CTCs was correlated with the number of mix-CTCs (r2=0.908, P<0.001). The number of e-CTCs was correlated with lymph node metastasis (r2=0.278, P<0.05) and TNM stage (r2=0.278, P<0.05) in this study.The number of total CTCs was correlated with recurrence or metastasi (r2=0.252, P<0.05). Conclusion: Mix-CTCs and e-CTCs might play an important role in the progression of OSCC, and the number of CTCs in OSCC might have the potential to be a predictor of prognosis. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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β-Lapachone Suppresses OSCC Proliferation and Induces Cell Apoptosis through ROS Generation LIN Jing, JIN Chengri, XUAN Yunze 2022, 38(1): 39-44.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2022.01.009 Abstract ( 207 )   PDF (4259KB) ( 218 )   Objective: To evaluate the expression level of NQO1 in OSCC, and investigate the effect of β-Lapachone on proliferation, apoptosis, and ROS generation in OSCC. Methods: The expression of NQO1 was detected by IHC staining in 50 cases of OSCC tissues and 20 cases of normal oral tissues. Cell viability was detected using CCK-8 and colony formation and Edu incorporation assay after β-Lapachone treatment. The effect of β-Lapachone on cell apoptosis was detected by flowcytometry. ROS generation was determined by DCFH-DA method. ROS inhibitor (NAC) was applied to determine the effect of ROS generation on OSCC cell proliferation. Results: IHC staining showed that the positive and strongly positive rate of NQO1 was significantly higher than that of normal tissues (P<0.05). The expression of NQO1 was correlated with tumor size and histological grade. The results of CCK-8 and colony formation and Edu incorporation assay showed that β-Lapachone suppressed OSCC cell proliferation. In addition, Annexin V/7-AAD staining showed that β-Lapachone induced OSCC cell apoptosis. Additionally, β-Lapachone could induce ROS generation. ROS inhibitor (NAC) could partially attenuate the effect of β-Lapachone on cell proliferation. Conclusion: The expression of NQO1 was correlated with OSCC development and progression. β-Lapachone regulated cell proliferation and apoptosis through regulating ROS generation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Antibacterial Effect of Injectable Hydrogel with Chlorhexidine on Enterococcus Faecalis and Biofilm in Vitro XU Laijun, YUAN He, LI Jiyao 2022, 38(1): 45-50.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2022.01.010 Abstract ( 242 )   PDF (4855KB) ( 392 )   Objective: To study the effect of chlorhexidine-loaded gellan gum hydrogel against Enterococcus faecalis and biofilm in vitro. Methods: The gellan gum containing hydroxyapatite was prepared by adding crosslinking agent (calcium ion), and chlorhexidine was effectively loaded. The effect of hydrogels against Enterococcus faecalis in vitro was evaluated by measuring bacterial growth curves and scanning electron microscopy, and their inhibiting the bacterial biofilms was observed by quantitative crystal violet staining and confocal laser scanning microscope. Results: As the concentration of chlorhexidine in the hydrogel increased, the antibacterial activity gradually increased. When the concentration of chlorhexidine was 50 μg/mL, it could significantly inhibit bacterial growth and biofilm formation. When the concentration was 250 μg/mL, it could show significant bactericidal effect. Conclusion: The gellan gum hydrogel loaded with chlorhexidine presented great effects on inhibiting the growth of Enterococcus faecalis and removing their biofilm. It might be a novel injectable biomaterial to disinfect root canals and promote the healing of refractory periapical periodontitis. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Minimally Invasive Instrument Combined with Single-cone Obturation in Root Canal Treatment of Patients with Restricted Mouth Opening DAI Cong, WANG Lei 2022, 38(1): 51-55.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2022.01.011 Abstract ( 218 )   PDF (1414KB) ( 481 )   Objective: To evaluate the Clinical effect of M3 minimally invasive nickel-titanium instrument combined with single-cone obturation in root canal treatment of molars in patients with restricted mouth opening. Methods: From January 2020 to August 2020, 90 patients with endodontic disease with restricted mouth opening who could not be treated with conventional root canal treatment were selected for the study, and they were randomly divided into two groups. The observation group was prepared with M3 minimally invasive instruments nickel-titanium and single-cone obturation, and the control group was prepared with Protaper Gold and warm vertical condensation. The indexes and therapeutic effects of two groups were analyzed. Results: The feasibility rate of root canal treatment in the observation group was higher than that in the control group, however, not statistically significant (P>0.05). The root canal preparation time and root canal filling time were shorter in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the success rate, proper filling rate, and pain incidence between two group (P>0.05). Conclusion: The M3 minimally invasive instrument preparation combined with Single-cone obturation has high feasibility rate and save time for the treatment of molars in patients with restricted mouth opening. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Immediate and Delayed Post Space Preparation on Apical Sealing Ability of iRoot SP Single-Cone Obturation technique WANG Jing, SUN Yali, YIN Jinping, FAN Liyao, MENG Weitao 2022, 38(1): 56-59.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2022.01.012 Abstract ( 247 )   PDF (829KB) ( 421 )   Objective: To evaluate the effect of immediate and delayed post space preparation on apical sealing ability of iRoot SP single-cone obturation technique. Methods: Seventy single root premolars removed by orthodontics were collected, and randomly assigned to eight groups after crown resection. The root canals in groups A1, B1and C1were obturated with warm vertical technique, and the groups A2, B2 and C2 were obturated with single-cone technique.The canals in the former groups(A1, B1and C1) were filled with AH Plus and the latter groups(A2, B2andC2) were filled with iRoot SP, respectively. The group D was positive control and the group E was negative control. The post space was prepared either immediately after obturation groups (A1 and A2) or 7 days later groups (B1 and B2), and the groups (C1 and C2) were not prepared.The extent of dye penetration was evaluated in different groups by Indian ink dyeing treatment and transparent dental technology. Results: Dye penetration was observed in all experimental groups. Under the same filling method with different post space preparation, there were no significant differences(P>0.05) between groups (A1-B1, A2-B2) . Similar results(P>0.05) were also seen between groups (A1-A2, B1-B2) under different filling methods with the same post space preparation.There were no significant differences(P>0.05) between the non post space preparation groups and the immediate post space preparation groups (C1-A1,C2-A2), but there were significant differences(P<0.05) between the non post space preparation groups and the delayed post space preparation groups(C1-B1,C2-B2). Conclusion: Both iRoot SP with single-cone technique and AH Plus with warm vertical technique had similar performances on root canal seal. There was no significant difference between immediate and delayed post space preparation on the apical sealing ability of iRoot SP single-cone obturation technique. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Cone Beam CT Study on Root and Canal System of Maxillary Premolars and Their Relationship with Maxillary Sinus CONG Peilin, ZHANG Fuhua 2022, 38(1): 60-64.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2022.01.013 Abstract ( 157 )   PDF (1328KB) ( 297 )   Objective: To study the root and canal system of maxillary premolars and their relationship with maxillary sinus in order to provide data reference for clinical application. Methods: 866 patients with CBCT image data (1732 maxillary first premolars and 1732 maxillary second premolars) were included and grouped by gender. NNTViewer was used to measure the length of the roots and the number of roots and canals, and analyze the root canal configuration, the relationship between maxillary premolar roots and maxillary sinus, and their gender differences. Results: Single-rooted maxillary premolars were the commonest type, meanwhile, they exhibited more various canal configuration. Most double root maxillary premolars showed Ⅳ configuration(96.3%). Ⅷ configuration existed only in the three roots of maxillary premolars. Conclusion: The root canal system of maxillary premolars was complex and various. The canal morphology of single-rooted teeth was highly variable. The roots were closely correlated with maxillary sinus in the vertical direction. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Role and Mechanism of Porphyromonas Gingivalis in the Differentiation of Osteoclast Precursor WU Shuxuan, TAN Jingjing, LI Feng, WAN Qilong 2022, 38(1): 65-70.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2022.01.014 Abstract ( 191 )   PDF (2171KB) ( 192 )   Objective: To investigate the role and mechanism of Porphyromonas gingivalis(P.g)in the differentiation of osteoclast precursors (OCPs) through in vitro direct co-culture or in vivo remote local stimulation. Methods: The OCPs were isolated from 6 to 8-week-old male C57BL/6 mice femurs and cultured in vitro. The OCPs were direct co-cultured with different multiplicity of infection P.g for 6 hours. Then the viability and the ratio of subtypes of OCPs in each group were detected and compared. After removing P.g, the OCPs continued to be cultured to induce osteoclastogenesis. Bone defects were created on the right femurs of the mice, and the suspension with or without P.g was injected into the defects twice a week for 4 weeks. The OCPs from left femurs of mice were isolated, cultured, and induced osteoclastogenesis. After culturing OCPs for 4 or 6 days, the number of mature osteoclasts and the expression levels of related genes and proteins in each group were detected and compared. Results: Direct in vitro co-culture of P.g and OCPs did not affect the activity and the proportion of subtypes of OCPs, but inhibited the osteoclastogenesis of OCPs which was related to the declining expression of osteoclast-related genes and proteins. The remote in vivo local stimulation of P.g up-regulated the expression levels of some osteoclast-related and inflammation-related genes, but did not affect the osteoclastogenesis of OCPs. Conclusion: Direct in vitro co-culture of P.g and OCPs can inhibit the osteoclastogenesis of OCPs, while in vivo local stimulation does not affect the osteoclastogenesis of OCPs in other parts of the body. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Correlation Study on Chronic Periodontitis and Lifestyle in Huocheng Area of Xinjiang LI Jinfeng, LU Hao, DAI Jianghong, CHEN Xiaotao 2022, 38(1): 71-75.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2022.01.015 Abstract ( 153 )   PDF (811KB) ( 242 )   Objective: To analyze the correlation between different lifestyles and chronic periodontitis of the population in Huocheng, Xinjiang. Methods: A random cluster sampling was carried out among the health check-up participants in the physical examination center of Huocheng County, Yining, Xinjiang. Questionnaires were used to collect general information and lifestyle information. International physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ) was used to collect physical activity data of the subjects. Periodontal examination was performed on all subjects. Results: Among 1011 participants, the detection rate of chronic periodontitis was 94.26%. There were statistically significant differences in age, coal consumption within one year, psychological state, physical activity, and weight change within one year among four groups of respondents (all P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age, mental state, and physical activity were all significantly associated with chronic periodontitis (all P<0.05). Conclusion:Psychological state and physical activity were closely related to the occurrence of chronic periodontitis, good psychological state and sufficient physical activity may be the protective factors of periodontitis. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preliminary Study on Role of Inducible Regulatory T Cells 35 in Etiology of Oral Lichen Planus ZHENG Liuyun, JIA Peiru, CAI Yang 2022, 38(1): 76-79.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2022.01.016 Abstract ( 169 )   PDF (802KB) ( 147 )   Objective: To study the expression of inducible regulatory T cells 35 (iTr35), regulatory T cells (Treg), and interleukin 35 (IL-35) in peripheral blood, and to explore their role in the pathogenesis of oral lichen planus (OLP). Methods: A total of 35 OLP patients diagnosed in the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University from April 2016 to November 2017 were selected. During the same period, 25 healthy volunteers were selected as normal control group. The level of IL-35 in peripheral blood was detected by ELISA. Its relationship with iTr35 cells was analyzed. Among the cases collected above, 27 OLP patients and 16 normal controls were selected. Flow cytometry was used to detect the proportion of peripheral blood iTr35 and Treg cells, and the relationship between two cells was analyzed. Results: Compared with the normal control group, the number of Treg and iTr35 cells and the expression level of IL-35 in OLP were significantly increased, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that iTr35 cells were positively correlated with Treg cells (r=0.385, P=0.048) and CD4+Foxp3+Ebi3+p35+ cells (T cells that produced IL-35 in Treg cells, r=0.723, P＜0.001). While the expression level of IL-35 was not correlated with iTr35 cells (r=-0.173, P=0.454). Conclusion: The high level of IL-35 expressed in OLP serum provides the possibility for the generation of iTr35 cells. Treg cells participate in the generation of iTr35 cells. The increased proportion of iTr35 cells may play an important role in the occurrence and development of OLP. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Recombinant Human Epidermal Growth Factor Topical Solution Combined with Recombinant Human Granulocyte Stimulating Factor on the Treatment of Chemotherapy-induced Oral Mucositis WANG Zhigang, ZHANG Bo 2022, 38(1): 80-84.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2022.01.017 Abstract ( 183 )   PDF (806KB) ( 264 )   Objective: To investigate the effect of recombinant human epidermal growth factor (EGF) combined with recombinant human granulocyte stimulating factor (GSF) on oral mucositis induced by chemotherapy. Methods: A total of 94 patients with oral mucositis caused by chemotherapy admitted to our hospital from December 2019 to December 2020 were randomly divided into control group and study group, with 47 cases in each group. The control group was treated with recombinant human EGF external solution, and the study group was treated with recombinant human EGF external solution combined with GSF. Clinical efficacy, oral PH value, VAS score, serum HIF-1α, and VEGF were observed and analyzed. Results: After treatment, the clinical efficacy of the study group (95.74%) was significantly higher than that of the control group (76.60%, P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the VAS score and oral pH between two groups before treatment (P>0.05), however, after treatment, the VAS score and oral pH of the study group were lower than those of the control group (P<0.05). The serum HIF-1α level of the study group [(4.8±1.1) ng/L] was lower than that of the control group [(6.1±1.2) ng/L, P<0.05], and the VEGF level of the study group [(29.1±3.2) ng/L] was higher than that of the control group [(19.7±3.4) ng/L, P<0.05]. Conclusion: Recombinant human EGF external solution combined with GSF is effective in the treatment of oral mucositis caused by chemotherapy, which can reduce the oral PH, pain, and HIF-1α, and increase VEGF in the body. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Efficacy of Probiotic Aloe Vera Fermentation Gel in Treatment of Recurrent Aphthous Ulcer and Its Effect on Oral Microbiome HU Xiaojing, LIN Lu, HUANG Zhen, ZHANG Tingting, LIU Qing, SHI Yan 2022, 38(1): 85-89.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2022.01.018 Abstract ( 298 )   PDF (1434KB) ( 263 )   Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy and oral microbiome composition of patients with recurrent aphthous ulcer treated with probiotic fermentation gel. Methods: A randomized double-blind design was designed to compare the days of ulcer healing between the experimental group and the control group. 35 RAU patients were selected and randomly divided into experimental group and control group. Probiotic aloe fermentation gel was applied locally in experimental group and chitosan gel was applied locally in control group. Saliva of RAU patient was collected before using medicine as PC group. The probiotics group (AA) and the control group (AC) were randomly divided into two groups. Saliva of the two groups was collected after treatment. Saliva from 10 healthy persons was used as negative control (NC group). The clinical treatment effect and oral microbiome composition were evaluated. Results: Probiotic fermentation gel had better wound healing effect (P<0.05). At phylum level: the relative abundance of Actinomycetes increased in the PC group, but decreased in the AA group. At genus level: the relative abundance of Haemophilus and Neisseria decreased, but the relative abundance of Actinomycetes, Granulococcus, and Streptococcus Gastric increased in the PC grou; and the relative abundance was normal in the AA group. Conclusion: Probiotic fermentation can accelerate ulcer healing and normalized microbiota disorders of RAU. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Partially Demineralized Autogenous Dentin Matrixs and PRF in Alveolar Ridge Preservation: A Case Report LIU Huan, WANG Ning, ZHONG Weijian, MA Guowu 2022, 38(1): 90-91.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2022.01.019 Abstract ( 188 )   PDF (1856KB) ( 360 )   Partially demineralized autologous dentin matrix (PDADM) combined with autologous blood concentrate platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) was used for alveolar ridge preservation of vertically fractured upper first molar. After 3 months, 6 months, and 15 months, CBCT investigation revealed significant bone volume maintenance. Biopsy displayed a large amount of newly formed woven bone around dentine particles. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Minimally Invasive Extraction of Supernumerary Teeth Protruding into Nasal Cavity: A Case Report SUN Yuqi, SUN Rui, ZHAO Jihong 2022, 38(1): 92-94.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2022.01.020 Abstract ( 349 )   PDF (5028KB) ( 328 )   The embedded supernumerary teeth protruding into the nasal cavity are in a high position. The surgical procedure is difficult, and it is a great possibility to injure the roots of the adjacent permanent teeth and the nasal mucosa accidentally. Additionally, the teeth may be pushed into the nasal cavity or even fall into the digestive tract or respiratory tract, leading to more severe complications. Hence, we reported a case of minimally invasive extraction of embedded supernumerary teeth protruding into the nasal cavity in a safe protocol. References | Related Articles | Metrics