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Factors Influencing the Color and Translucency of Full-contour Zirconia Restorations CHEN Xiaodong, XING Wenzhong 2022, 38(4): 299-303.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2022.04.001 Abstract ( 306 )   PDF (937KB) ( 630 )   The clinical application of zirconia restorations can be divided into two main categories: the bilayer composite structure (zirconia-based with veneering ceramic) and the monolithic zirconia restoration (full-contour zirconia). It has always been one of the focuses of clinical researches that how the monolithic zirconia materials improve the aesthetic properties of full-contour zirconia restorations and ensure their mechanical strength. This article introduces the factors influencing the color and translucency of full-contour zirconia restorations from the aspects of material factors, manufacturing factors, and clinical factors, and analyses the effect of metamerism and low temperature degradation on the aesthetic properties of zirconia material for better clinical application of full-contour zirconia restoration in density. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Factors Influencing the Curative Effect of Photodynamic Therapy for Oral Leukoplakia ZHAO Jinjin, CAI Yang 2022, 38(4): 304-307.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2022.04.002 Abstract ( 512 )   PDF (797KB) ( 462 )   Oral leukoplakia is defined as the white lesions on the oral mucosa, mainly characterized by hyperkeratosis, which is the most common potential malignant disease of the oral cavity. At present, there are various treatment methods, among which photodynamic therapy as a novel minimally invasive technique with combined use of drugs and devices, is promising and highly feasible in the treatment of oral leukoplakia. In this paper, the basic principle of photodynamic therapy, treatment factors, and relevant factors affecting the efficacy of leukoplakia were reviewed. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on Molecular Mechanism of Effect of Fusobacterium Nucleatum on Atherosclerosis JIANG Duan, SHEN Daonan 2022, 38(4): 308-311.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2022.04.003 Abstract ( 271 )   PDF (1837KB) ( 330 )   Atherosclerosis is an important morbidity and mortality cause of cardiovascular diseases such as coronary heart disease and stroke. It has been confirmed that periodontal disease is independently related to atherosclerosis. Fusobacterium nucleatum is a common pathogenic bacterium in the subgingival plaque of periodontitis. When periodontal tissue is in a state of inflammation, Fusobacterium nucleatum can enter the blood circulation through damaged capillaries, and then adhere to endothelial cells, destroying endothelial integrity and causing endothelial dysfunction. At the same time, Fusobacterium nucleatum and its heat shock protein can activate pro-inflammatory factors, enhance inflammatory response, lead to disorder of lipid metabolism, and eventually lead to the formation of atherosclerotic plaque. Therefore, this article reviews the possible molecular mechanisms of the interaction between Fusobacterium nucleatum and atherosclerosis. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Review on the Role and Mechanism of Sox Gene in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma PENG Yanshuang, LIU Ying 2022, 38(4): 312-315.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2022.04.004 Abstract ( 251 )   PDF (797KB) ( 252 )   Sox gene family is a kind of coding genes widely existed in human tissues. As an important transcription regulator, Sox protein not only participates in the whole process of animal growth and development, but also participates in the tumorigenesis and development of multiple system tumors including oral squamous cell carcinoma. In this paper, we reviewed the function of Sox gene in oral squamous cell cancer from the aspects of upstream and downstream interaction factors, related signal pathways, and clinical diagnosis and treatment potential, in order to provide new research direction and ideas for researchers. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Facial Scanner in Stomatology YANG Qi, LIU Xiaoqiu 2022, 38(4): 316-319.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2022.04.005 Abstract ( 481 )   PDF (798KB) ( 806 )   The facial scanner is a non-contact, non-invasive instrument which can measure and reconstruct facial soft tissues. It is widely used in many fields such as anthropometrics, criminal investigation, disease diagnosis, anthropological research, and stomatology. This article reviews the types of facial scanners, their working principles, and their applications in dentistry, as well as prospects for their future development. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A Retrospective Study on Clinical Performance of Narrow Diameter Implant in Mandibular Anterior Region GAO Jing, JIANG Lulu, HE Jing, ZHANG Chong, WANG Danning, ZHAO Baohong 2022, 38(4): 320-324.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2022.04.006 Abstract ( 217 )   PDF (1036KB) ( 377 )   Objective: To analyze the clinical curative effect of narrow diameter implant in mandibular anterior region retrospectively. Methods: A total 227 implants in 149 patients with narrow diameter implants in mandibular anterior region were enrolled in this study. The clinical examination indexes included implant survival rate, complications, pink-white esthetic score, and marginal bone loss. Results: The cumulative survival rate of narrow diameter implant was 98.68%. Soft and hard tissues were in good condition, and aesthetic effectiveness was satisfactory during the follow-up. Marginal bone loss was (0.28±0.41) mm, which was affected by oral hygiene, periodontal disease, and smoking. Conclusion: The clinical effect of narrow diameter implant in mandibular anterior region is ideal and reliable. The key to the success of implant supported dentures is to strictly control the risk factors, reasonably formulate the plan of implant restorations, and follow-up regularly to maintain the curative effect. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of Two Surgical Procedure of Maxillary Sinus Lifting after Decompression of Maxillary Sinus Pseudocyst HU Zhiqiao, LIU Xian, LIU Shifeng, BAO Chongyun 2022, 38(4): 325-329.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2022.04.007 Abstract ( 224 )   PDF (2853KB) ( 544 )   Objective: To compare the clinical effects of two types of operation for patients who had insufficient bone mass in the maxillary posterior region accompanied with maxillary sinus pseudocyst. Methods: Patients were divided into experimental group and control group. In the experimental group, cyst decompression combined with crestal-approach maxillary sinus lifting and implantation was performed simultaneously, while in the control group, cyst decompression combined with lateral-approach maxillary sinus lifting was performed simultaneously. The operation time, postoperative pain and swelling, success rate of implantation, and recurrence rate of cyst were compared between two methods. Results: A total of 34 patients were enrolled in the experiment. The operation time of the experimental group [(27.88±3.02) min] was significantly shorter than that of the control group [(34.94±3.50) min, P<0.001], and the postoperative reaction, including pain (P<0.05) and swelling (P<0.001) was significantly better than that of the control group. The success rate of early implantation was 100%. No cyst recurred in each group. Conclusion: Decompression of cyst in maxillary sinus combined with simultaneous implantation and crestal-approach sinus lifting can significantly shorten the operation time, and the postoperative reaction of patients is significantly reduced with a high success rate of implantation. This method is worthy of clinical promotion. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Registration Accuracy of Auxiliary Registration Device for Severe Artifact Registration WU Kaixin, WEI Luming, SU Ming, YUAN Changyong, WANG Penglai 2022, 38(4): 330-334.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2022.04.008 Abstract ( 167 )   PDF (4128KB) ( 183 )   Objective: To explore the registration accuracy of a universal auxiliary registration device for CBCT and optical scanning before virtual implantation planning under severe artifact condition. Methods: Twenty-two patients with dentition defects requiring guided implant surgery were included in the study. Patients with intraoral metal prosthesis were included in the experimental group, and CBCT and model scan were registered using the auxiliary registration device (n=11). Patients without any metal products in the mouth were included in the control group, and the registration was completed with teeth as the registration reference marks (n=11). After the registration of two groups, the registration deviation was analyzed, and the standard deviation (SD), root mean square value (RMS), and mean deviation (±AVG) of the reference blocks' registration deviation were recorded. Results: The registration deviation SD, RMS, +AVG, and -AVG values of the CBCT reconstructed reference block and the optical scan reference block in the experimental group and the control group were (0.16±0.04) mm, (0.17±0.03) mm, (0.14±0.04) mm, (0.15±0.04) mm and (0.14±0.03) mm, (0.16±0.02) mm, (0.13±0.03) mm, (0.13±0.04) mm, respectively. There was no significant difference between the experimental group and the control group (P>0.05). Conclusion: In the case of severe metallic artifact, the general auxiliary registration device can achieve a high registration accuracy. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preliminary Study on Changes of Fractal Dimension of Bone Trabeculae During Implant Bone Healing Period WEN Cai, ZHOU Huangjun, YE Sixian, FENG Hao 2022, 38(4): 335-339.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2022.04.009 Abstract ( 224 )   PDF (1178KB) ( 248 )   Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of fractal analysis in determining the growth of bone trabeculae during dental implant bone healing period and predicting osseointegration. Methods: The periapical films of patients after implant surgery (T0) and three months after implant surgery (T1) in the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical University were included for fractal analysis. The images from mesial and distal regions of the implant were cut on the periapical films as the region of interest (ROI), and then the images were blurred, subtracted, standardized, binarized, and skeletonized. The fractal index in ROI was obtained by box counting method. Results: A total of 16 implants of 14 patients were included in this study. There was no significant difference in gender and age composition ratio. From T0 to T1, the fractal dimension indexes of mesial, distal, and whole ROIs increased, and the difference was statistically significant. In the process of bone healing, the increase of FD in the area around the implant was not affected by implant systems, genders, and other factors. Fractal analysis could be used as a tool to evaluate the growth of bone trabeculae. Conclusion: Fractal dimension analysis is a promising non-invasive and economical method to describe the growth of bone trabeculae and predict the osseointegration of dental implants. The existing evidence shows that the increase of trabecular bone during the healing period of implant bone is related to the increase of fractal dimension index. The sensitivity and specificity of fractal analysis need to be further analyzed. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Over-preparation Method on Accuracy of Immediate Implantation in Maxillary Anterior Region SU Ming, WEI Luming, WU Kaixin, YUAN Changyong, WANG Penglai 2022, 38(4): 340-343.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2022.04.010 Abstract ( 201 )   PDF (2281KB) ( 406 )   Objective: To study whether over-preparation method can improve the accuracy of implant placement in the maxillary anterior region. Methods: Forty cases (40 implant sites) of immediate implantation were enrolled in this study and divided into two groups (n=20, each group): those who received routine guided implant surgery were control group and those who received implant surgery with over-preparation (OP) method were test group. The insertion torque and the actual position of the dental implant were recorded during the operation. The implant platform, apex, and angle deviations from each of the planned positions were calculated. Results: In the control group, the mean platform, apex, and angulation deviation were (0.68±0.28) mm, (2.48±0.50) mm, and (4.35±1.19)°, respectively. In the test group, the mean platform, apex, and angulation deviation were (0.48±0.25) mm, (1.05±0.54) mm, and (2.09±0.70)°, respectively. There was significant differences between two groups (P＜0.05). However, there were not significant difference in the primary stability between two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: The over-preparation method can reduce the influence of palatal bevel of teeth extraction socket and improve immediate implant placement accuracy in the maxillary anterior region. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Myricetin on Virulence Factor and Biofilm of Streptococcus Mutans XU Xiaoyu, GUO Mengqin, YU Haijing , LIU Yangyang, GUO Peng 2022, 38(4): 344-349.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2022.04.011 Abstract ( 187 )   PDF (5521KB) ( 274 )   Objective: To study the inhibitory effect of myricetin on virulence factors and biofilm of Streptococcus mutans (S.mutans). Methods: S. mutans ATCC 25175 was used in this study. Dilution method was used to test MIC and acid tolerance. The inhibition rate on biofilm was measured by crystalline violet staining. The acid production was measured by lactic acid kit. Anthrone method was conducted to determine the production of EPS. FESEM and CLSM were used to observed the formation of biofilm after treated by myricetin. Results: The MIC of myricetin on S.mutans was 0.8 mg/mL, and the inhibitory effect of myricetin from 0.2 mg/mL to 0.4 mg/mL on the production of biofilm was obvious, while the production of lactic acid and insoluble polysaccharide significantly reduced, and the effect of myricetin at 0.4 mg/mL on bacterial acid tolerance was significantly different. Conclusion: Myricetin plays a significant part on virulence factor and biofilm of S.mutans. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Par3 Has an Effect on Cellular Junction and Biological Behavior of OLCs WANG Jueyu, XAIO Min, BAI Yu, CHENG Xiaogang, WU Haoze, KUANG Jinxin, YU Qing 2022, 38(4): 350-356.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2022.04.012 Abstract ( 229 )   PDF (2652KB) ( 198 )   Objective: To investigate the effect of partitioning defective-3 (Par3) on cell junction and biological behavior of odontoblast cells (OLCs) in vitro. Methods: The expression and distribution of Par3 in vivo and in vitro were examined by immunofluorescence (IF). Western blotting was used to assess the expression level of Par3 in OLCs at inflammatory and physiological state. Par3 siRNA was transfected in OLCs to interfere the expression of Par3. The continuity and structure of the intercellular junction were observed by transmission electronic microscopy (TEM). Western blotting and IF were performed to investigate the expression and distribution of cell junction related protein ZO-1. 5-Ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU), transwell assay, scratch-wound assay, and flow cytometry were used to assess cell biological behavior like proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. Results: In rat pulp tissue, Par3 located along the odontoblast layer. Par3 located at cytoplasm in OLCs. The expression of Par3 might be down-regulated at inflammatory state. The cellular junction between OLCs was discontinuous and the expression of total ZO-1 or ZO-1 located at membrane in OLCs was reduced after eliminated Par3. The growth rate and the number of migrated cells in siPar3 group were increased. While the apoptosis rate was decreased in siPar3 group compared with the control group. Conclusion: Downregulation of Par3 can disrupt the intercellular junction of OLCs by regulating the expression and distribution of ZO-1, while the capacity of cellular proliferation and migration is enhanced. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Establishment and Identification of Human Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Line WU-TSC-1 ZHENG Xiaofeng, SUN Yanan, HU Yaying, LV Yinan, YANG Ke, LI Yiwei, ZHANG Jiali 2022, 38(4): 357-361.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2022.04.013 Abstract ( 285 )   PDF (6820KB) ( 480 )   Objective: To establish a human tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) cell line WU-TSC-1 and to identify its basic biological characteristics. Methods: The excised tissue from a patient with TSCC was primary cultured. After passage, the TSCC cell line WU-TSC-1 was established. Its morphology and growth characteristics were observed and recorded through microscope. Short tandem repeat analysis (STR) of genomic DNA on this cell was conducted. Its doubling time, agglutination reaction, cell surface markers, chromosome karyotype, and tumorigenic ability in nude mice were also examined. Results: WU-TSC-1 cells had been subcultured for more than 50 passages which were confirmed to be human-derived tumor cells with no other cell contamination. In vitro, the cells lost contact inhibition and had a uniform oval or squares shape and non-diploid chromosomes. Its doubling time was calculated as 51.15 h. In vivo, the cell line showed tumorigenesis ability. Conclusion: This study has successfully established a human TSCC cell line WU-TSC-1 which provided a new cell line for revealing the pathogenesis of TSCC as well as exploring useful diagnostic indicators and treatment options. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Characteristics Analysis of Bone Quantity of Mandibular Buccal Shelf with Different Skeletal Pattern WU Yao, XU Yishan, LI Zhenzhen, SI Chao, LIU Jia, CAO Yu, ZHANG Huichao, YANG Luyi 2022, 38(4): 362-366.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2022.04.014 Abstract ( 266 )   PDF (1889KB) ( 352 )   Objective: To analyze the bone quantity of mandibular buccal shelf with different skeletal patterns, and to explore its influencing factors. Methods: A total of 120 orthodontic patients were selected from the patient image database, and they were divided into skeletal class Ⅰ group, skeletal class Ⅱ group, and skeletal class Ⅲ group according to the sagittal skeletal patterns; and divided into hyperdivergent group, normodivergent group, and hypodivergent group according to vertical skeletal patterns. Bone thickness and cortical bone thickness of 3mm, 6mm and 9mm below the alveolar crest in the mesial and distal root plane of molars in the buccal shelf area were measured and analyzed. Results: (1) The bone quantity of buccal shelf area gradually increased from meso-middle to distal, and from alveolar crest to apical direction (P<0.05). (2) There were differences in bone thickness of buccal shelf area between different sagittal skeletal patterns (P<0.05). (3) There were differences in bone thickness of buccal shelf area between different vertical skeletal patterns (P<0.05). (4) Bone thickness of buccal shelf area was positively correlated with ANB angle, and negatively correlated with mandibular plane angle (P<0.05). Conclusion: There are differences in the bone quantity of mandibular buccal shelf in different skeletal patterns, and the bone quantity of mandibular buccal shelf is affected by sagittal and vertical skeletal patterns, etc. CBCT should be taken to evaluate the bone quantity of mandibular buccal shelf before micro-screw implantation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Correlation between Sella Turcica and Cervical Vertebral Maturation LI Yaqi, WANG Ziqian, LIU Jiaqi, XIAO Chuqiao, YAN Zhebin, XIONG Xin, LIU Yinghong 2022, 38(4): 367-371.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2022.04.015 Abstract ( 344 )   PDF (1215KB) ( 333 )   Objective: To measure the size and describe the morphology of sella turcica in patients with different cervical vertebral maturation (CVM). Methods: The subjects comprised 166 males and 173 females from Department of Orthodontics, West China Stomatology Hospital of Sichuan University from January 2020 to October 2021. According to CVM, they were divided into three groups: group Ⅰ (prepubertal), group Ⅱ (circumpubertal), and group Ⅲ (postpubertal). The Uceph cephalometric software was used to calculate the length, depth, and diameter of the sella turcica. In addition, the shape of the sella turcica was described as normal or with aberrations. Results: The linear measured value of sella turcica in group Ⅲ was higher than that in group Ⅱ, and that in group Ⅱ was higher than that in group Ⅰ (P<0.01). Normal sella was more common in group Ⅰ (P<0.05), and sella bridge occurred more frequently in group Ⅲ (P<0.01). There was no significant difference in linear size and shape of sella turcica between different genders (P>0.05). Conclusion: With the development and maturity of cervical vertebral, the linear size of sella turcica also increases. The occurrence of sella bridge may relate to cervical vertebral maturation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Extracellular Matrix Complex for Bone Defect Regeneration and Repair ZHANG Zhou, LIANG Xiang, CUI Hao, ZHU Yifei, TU Junbo, NA Sijia 2022, 38(4): 372-378.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2022.04.016 Abstract ( 212 )   PDF (12508KB) ( 366 )   Objective: To evaluate the bone defect regeneration and repair ability of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells/extracellular matrix complex (C-BMSC). Methods: C-BMSC was constructed in vitro and examined by gross observation, HE staining, and scanning electron microscope (SEM). TUNEL staining was used to detect the level of apoptosis. The expression level of osteogenic related factors was detected by immunofluorescence staining and PCR. The rat skull defect model was used to evaluate the bone defect regeneration and repair ability of C-BMSC in vivo. Results: Histomorphology examination showed that the extracellular matrix (ECM) of C-BMSC was the most abundant in the 5-day group. The ECM completely wrapped the cells in C-BMSC. The ECM fibers were strong and small molecular substances were attached. TUNEL staining result showed that the number of apoptosis in the 3-day and 5-day groups was close, but it was increased significantly for the cell apoptosis level at 7-day (P<0.001). PCR results showed that the expressions of ALP, COL-1, Runx2, and OCN in C-BMSC was higher than those in BMSC-CS (P<0.05). Immunofluorescence results showed that ECM in C-BMSC was positive for ALP, COL-1, and BSP. C-BMSC also showed remarkable ability of bone tissue regeneration and repair in vivo (P<0.05). Conclusion: This study proves that C-BMSC has outstanding osteogenic differentiation ability, which provides a new strategy for bone defect regeneration and repair. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Late Development of Supernumerary Teeth: 3 Cases Report QIU Fenfang, MENG Shan, DI Yaoyun 2022, 38(4): 379-380.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2022.04.017 Abstract ( 267 )   PDF (1330KB) ( 289 )   Excessive number of teeth is called supernumerary teeth, refers to more than the normal number of teeth, more than one or more teeth in the dentition. Among the cases reported in the literatures, the presence of supernumerary teeth was found in the initial visit. We report 3 cases of supernumerary teeth with late developing, and review the relevant literatures References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Swollen Bilateral Parotids Tissue Caused by Sarcoidosis: A Case Report GUO Jiaoyang, SHUI Huahua 2022, 38(4): 381-382.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2022.04.018 Abstract ( 250 )   PDF (2125KB) ( 213 )   Sarcoidosis is a non-caseous necrotizing granulomatous disease of unknown etiology that may affect multiple organs. In this paper, we reported a case of enlargement in bilateral parotid glands tissue caused by systemic sarcoidosis. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Minimally Invasive Extraction of Deeply Impacted Mandibular Third Molar in Horizontal Position with Root Resorption on Second Molar: A Case Report WANG Bing, SUN Rui, ZHAO Jihong 2022, 38(4): 383-386.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2022.04.019 Abstract ( 281 )   PDF (5052KB) ( 467 )   A series of complications, such as external root resorption, deep periodontal pocket formation, caries on second molar, and marginal bone loss, are frequently caused by impacted mandibular third molars. Here we reported a case of minimally invasive extraction of deeply impacted mandibular third molar in horizontal position with external root resorption on second molar. The strategy of root removal first was adopted to prevent further damage to second molar during extraction. References | Related Articles | Metrics