Abstract: Objective: To investigate the tooth-forming potential of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in the milieus of diverse growth-factor signaling inductions and scaffolds in vivo. Methods: BMSCs were inducted via either a single signaling mixed multi-signaling. The BMSCs were further co-cultured in GS or polyvinyl alcohol-double crystal ceramic powder (PVA-DCCP) scaffold constructed by a 3D printer. The re-implanted tissues were harvested and the RT-PCR of ameloblastin (AMBN), DMP1, Collagen-1, and DLX1 mRNA were performed at 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28 days after implantation to assess teeth-forming potential histologically and genetically. Results: With prolongation of culturing, the mRNA level increased in Collagen-1, whereas decreased in AMBN, DMP1 and DLX1 in the five groups; and the mRNA levels of four genes were significantly lower in group A-D than that in group E (P＜0.05). Furthermore, the mRNA levels were significantly different among tissue samples with diverse scaffolds (P<0.001). Conclusion: BMSCs induced by mixed multi-signaling could proliferate more quickly and differentiate more profoundly, compared to the single signaling induced ones. Moreover, these BMSCs expressed more corresponding odontogenic genes which promoted the formation of tooth tissue when combined with diverse scaffolds.