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Difference and Connection between Dental Bonding and Luting HUANG Cui, LIU Yingheng 2021, 37(5): 381-385.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2021.05.001 Abstract ( 559 )   PDF (952KB) ( 1077 )   There are differences between dental bonding agents and luting cements, including their properties, classifications, interface treating methods, and operating techniques. In order to help dental practitioners achieve a better understanding of dental bonding and luting, select relevant products properly, and facilitate adhesive restoration outcomes, this article will discuss the distinction and relationship between bonding and luting in dental practice References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress of Saliva Extracellular Vesicles as Biological Markers in Diagnosis of Oral Diseases LUO Qinliang, HUANG Guilin 2021, 37(5): 386-388.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2021.05.002 Abstract ( 229 )   PDF (794KB) ( 352 )   Saliva is similar to blood and contains a large amount of biological information, which is the ideal body fluid for non-invasive diagnosis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a group of cell-derived nanoscale heterogeneous vesicles existing in most body fluids (including saliva), mainly including exosomes and microvesicles. Extracellular vesicles are the common medium of inter-cell signal transmission between eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells, which can transmit signals to receptor cells, thus mediating inter-cell communication and signal transmission. At the same time, it plays an important role in various biological functions, including the transfer of biological active molecules such as proteins, nucleic acids and lipids, and the regulation of physiological and pathological processes of various diseases. Due to these characteristics, extracellular vesicles are considered to be valuable biological markers for diagnosis and prediction of various diseases. This article reviews the research progress of saliva extracellular vesicles as biological markers in the diagnosis of oral diseases References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Review on Transcrestal Sinus Floor Elevation without Grafting Materials When the Residual Bone Height<4 mm YU Haina, MENG Weiyan 2021, 37(5): 389-392.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2021.05.003 Abstract ( 217 )   PDF (1422KB) ( 203 )   Maxillary sinus lift is commonly used to obtain sufficient bone height in the severely absorbed posterior area of maxilla. The traditional viewpoint is that osteotome sinus floor elevation (OSFE) cannot achieve promising outcome when residual bone height is less than 4 mm. To date, many studies using osteotome technique without grafting material in severely atrophic posterior maxilla have got promising outcomes. The aim of this review is to evaluate the possibility and the practicability of using osteotome-mediated sinus floor elevation without grafting materials when the residual bone height<4 mm References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Selection of Timing and Methods to Augment Combinational Defect in Dental Implant Sites CHEN Shujiang, CHEN Wenchuan 2021, 37(5): 393-396.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2021.05.004 Abstract ( 217 )   PDF (942KB) ( 227 )   Soft and hard tissue defects are often found in the dental implant sites due to trauma, inflammation, and other reasons, which will cause adverse effects on the implantation, wound healing, and esthetic and functional recovery after restoration. Increasing the amount of tissue in the combinational defect through different surgical techniques helps to gain ideal tissue conditions for implantation. In this paper, the classification of soft and hard tissue defects and the selection of opportunity and methods for soft and hard tissues augmentation are summarized, respectively. The indications, prognosis, advantages, and disadvantages are analyzed to provide guidance for clinical selection References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress of Th Cell Related Cytokines in Recurrent Oral Ulcer GAO Xiaolan, WANG Hanming 2021, 37(5): 397-400.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2021.05.005 Abstract ( 214 )   PDF (804KB) ( 198 )   Recurrent aphthous ulcer (RAU) is one of the most common oral mucosal diseases characterized by recurrent and painful ulcerations on the movable or nonkeratinized oral mucosae. Clinically, three types of RAU, namely minor, major, and herpetiform types, can be identified. RAU more commonly affects labial mucosa, buccal mucosa, and tongue. Previous studies indicate that RAU is a multifactorial T cell-mediated immune-dysregulated disease. CD4+T cell subsets are closely related to the pathogenesis and development of RAU, which secrete different cytokines and have different functions. In this paper, the research progress of Th cell related cytokines in RAU is reviewed References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Anti-cariogenic and Anti-biofilm Effect of Asiatic Acid on Streptococcus Mutans SHUI Yusen, YANG Ran 2021, 37(5): 401-406.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2021.05.006 Abstract ( 241 )   PDF (3799KB) ( 262 )   Objective: To analyze the inhibitory effect of asiatic acid on Streptococcus mutans (S.mutans) biofim formation and its acid and extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) production. Methods: The planktonic bacterial susceptibility assay was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of asiatic acid on S.mutans. Crystal violet assay and MTT assay were performed to determine the effect of asiatic acid on the biomass and metabolic activity of S.mutans biofilm. Anthrone-sulfuric acid method, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) were performed to observe the biofilm morphology and EPS synthesis after treatment by asiatic acid. The effect of asiatic acid on the acid production of S. mutans was performed by pH drop assay. CCK-8 kit assay was conducted to assess the cytotoxicity of asiatic acid. Results: The MIC of asiatic acid on S. mutans was 20 μg/mL. The sub-MICs (10 μg/mL and 5 μg/mL) were all effective on the reduction of the biofilm formation, acid production and EPS synthesis of S. mutans. No significant cytotoxicity of asiatic acid was found. Conclusion: Asiatic acid is effective on the inhibition of S.mutans biofilm formation, its acid production, and EPS synthesis References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Anti-biofilm Effect of Sustained Release Limonin Polymer Nanopolymer XU Yanglong 2021, 37(5): 407-411.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2021.05.007 Abstract ( 184 )   PDF (1084KB) ( 235 )   Objective: To study the anti-biofilm effect and sustained release properties of LIM/PLGA-PEG. Methods: Limonin loaded polymer nanoparticles were prepared and characterized. The anti-Streptococcus mutans and anti-biofilm properties were determined. LLIM/PLGA-PEG release curve (material toxicity) and cytotoxicity were measured. Results: LIM/PLGA-PEG showed anti Streptococcus mutans (MIC=1.56 mg/mL) property. Subinhibitory concentrations of these nanoparticles reduced the biofilm formation by 92%. The slow release of LIM/PLGA-PEG was detected in neutral and acidic environment within 12 hours. The IC50 of the nanoparticles was 15.63 μg/mL. Conclusion: The limonin nanoparticles have anti caries activity and sustained-release effect in acidic environment, which is expected to be used in the control of dental caries References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Macrophage Polarization in Apical Periodontitis Complicated with Diabetes Mellitus SUN Xi, ZHANG Qi 2021, 37(5): 412-417.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2021.05.008 Abstract ( 157 )   PDF (7085KB) ( 184 )   Objective: To explore the role of macrophage polarization in apical periodontitis complicated with diabetes mellitus and the effect of high glucose environment on macrophage polarization. Methods: Eight-week-old male Wistar rats (control group) and GK rats (diabetes group) were used to construct the apical periodontitis model, and samples were taken at 2 weeks and 4 weeks. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to observe the infiltration of periapical inflammation. The expression of inflammatory cytokines was visualized by immunohistochemical staining. Immunofluorescence staining was used to evaluate the polarization of macrophages. Raw264.7 mouse macrophage lines were cultured in vitro and treated with high concentration of glucose (40 mM). Quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of iNOS, CD206, CD68, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10. Results: After 4 weeks, apical inflammatory infiltration in the diabetic group was significantly higher than that in the control group. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 increased in the diabetic group, while the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 decreased in the diabetic group (P<0.05). The ratio of M2 macrophages to total macrophages in the diabetic group (CD206/CD68) was lower than that in the control group, and the expression of iNOS in macrophages as well as the number of apoptotic cells were both increased (P<0.05). In vitro, the mRNA expression of iNOS increased while CD206 decreased, and there was no significant difference in the mRNA expression of CD68. The level of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 ascended, and anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 descended (P<0.05). Conclusion: Diabetes-induced hyperglycemia can affect macrophage polarization and inflammatory cytokines secretion, which may further aggravate periapical periodontitis References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Spliced XBP1 Regulates Autophagy in Inflamed Odontoblasts WANG Yanjie, WANG Haisheng, GUO Weiting, ZHANG Lu 2021, 37(5): 418-424.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2021.05.009 Abstract ( 181 )   PDF (5864KB) ( 228 )   Objective: To examine the function of XBP1s in inflammation-induced autophagy in odontoblasts. Methods: Immunohistochemistry was used to examine the expression of XBP1 and autophagy markers (LC3 and ATG5) in human dental pulp samples. mDPC6T cells were stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to establish an in vitro inflammatory model. The cells were further treated with the inhibitor KIRA6 and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging agent NAC, respectively. Immunofluorescence and western blotting were used to detect the expression of XBP1s and autophagy-related markers (LC3 and ATG5). Results: The expressions of XBP1, autophagy markers, and apoptosis markers were upregulated in odontoblast layers of human pulpitis tissues. LPS could induce the expression of spliced XBP1 in odontoblasts, and the expression of spliced XBP1 correlated with the expression of autophagy regulators under severe LPS stimulation. Moreover, the suppression of spliced XBP1 could reduce autophagy and apoptosis in inflamed odontoblasts. In addition, a reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger decreased the level of spliced XBP1 in inflamed mDPC6T cells. Conclusion: Spliced XBP1 can regulate autophagy in inflamed odontoblasts References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Mechanism of Interleukin-17 Regulating Matrix Metalloproteinase Expression and Inflammation in Dental Pulp LIU Mengyu 2021, 37(5): 425-430.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2021.05.010 Abstract ( 157 )   PDF (9173KB) ( 100 )   Objective: To investigate the role of interleukin-17 in dental pulp inflammation and the relationship between IL-17 and MMPs. Methods: Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of TNF-α and IL-17 in pulp tissues. TNF-α or IL-17 recombinant protein was used to treat human dental pulp cells. RT-qPCR, Western blotting, and ELISA were used to detect the expression of mRNA and protein levels of IL-17, MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3 and MMP-13. Gelatin zymography and collagen zymography were used to detect the enzymatic activity of MMP-1 and MMP-2. Results: IL-17 was high-expressed during pulpitis. TNF-α treatment could induce expression of IL-17 in HDPCs. IL-17 mainly contributed to its positive regulatory role in inflammation through up regulating MMPs and activating protein kinase MAPK pathway. Conclusion: IL-17 acts as an inflammatory mediator in dental pulp inflammation by acting MAPK pathway. IL-17 can induce the expression of MMP-1 and MMP-2 in HDPCs References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Efficacy of Root Canal Filling Material Removal by Different Instruments Using Micro-computed Tomography LI Fengxia, TAN Hong, LI Yanjun, RONG Li 2021, 37(5): 431-435.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2021.05.011 Abstract ( 144 )   PDF (1670KB) ( 206 )   Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of removing filling materials from oval-shaped root canals by nickel-titanium instruments, ultrasonic instruments and hand instruments by Micro-CT (Micro-CT). Methods: Human mandibular premolars with single root canal were collected and prepared by K3 nickel-titanium instruments with crown-down technique, and then filled by cold lateral compaction. Oval-shaped root canals were randomly assigned into five groups, and retreated by the following techniques respectively: Hedstrom files, K3, Mtwo, R-Endo, and ultrasonic P5. Micro-CT was used to assess the volume of filling material before and after the removal procedure. Based on the volume of initial and residual filling material of each specimen, the percentage of filling material removed from the root canals by different techniques was calculated. Meanwhile, the time taken by various instruments to remove the root canal filling was recorded. Results: Hedstrom file group showed a greater filling material removal rate than Mtwo and ultrasonic P5 groups (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the removal efficacy among Hedstrom file, K3 instrument, and R-Endo instrument groups(P>0.05). The time needed for manual Hedstrom file was significantly longer than the other four groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: In the oval root canals, nickel-titanium instruments can reduce the operating time compared with manual Hedstrom file References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Amount of Apical Extrusions of Root Canal Preparation with Single ProTaper Sx in Primary Teeth: an in Vitro Study SU Xuelong, LIU Fei, HE Shuyang, GUO Qinyu 2021, 37(5): 436-441.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2021.05.012 Abstract ( 161 )   PDF (2344KB) ( 174 )   Objective: To compare the amount of apical extrusions of rotary instrument ProTaper Sx and stainless steel K-file for root canal preparation of primary teeth in vitro. Methods: Isolated deciduous teeth were collected from the outpatient department. After coronal cutting and root separation, the distal root canal, proximal root canal, anterior root canal, palatal root canal, proximal buccal root canal, and distal buccal root canal were classified into 16 root canals of each type, a total of 96. The root canal types were divided into two groups: Sx group (n=48) and K-file group (n=48) randomly. ProTaper Sx and K-files combined with 10mL 0.2% chlorhexidine solution were used for root canal preparation. The preparation time was recorded, and the amount of apical debris and exudation was measured. Results: The preparation time of K-file group (328.8s) was longer than that of Sx group (180.9s, P<0.05). Both of two instruments could cause a different amount of apical debris and exudation. In Sx group, the amount of apical debris and exudation (0.00128±0.00056) g; (0.00614±0.00183) g was lower than that of K-file group (0.00345±0.00124) g; (0.02930±0.01879) g, P<0.05. Conclusion: Compared with stainless steel K-file, ProTaper Sx could shorten preparation time and reduce the amount of apical extrusions in primary teeth References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Pathological Effect of Lateral Pterygoid Muscle in Traumatic Temporomandibular Joint Bony Ankylosis DENG Tiange, LIU Ping, LIU Changkui, ZHANG Linlin, WU Ligeng, ZHOU Hongzhi, DING Yuxiang, HU Kaijin 2021, 37(5): 442-447.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2021.05.013 Abstract ( 152 )   PDF (6518KB) ( 133 )   Objective: To verify the effect of lateral pterygoid muscle (LPM) in the pathogenesis of traumatic TMJ bone ankylosis. Methods: Animal model of TMJ bone ankylosis was established in 7 6-month-old male sheeps with bilateral TMJs simulating sagittal fracture of condyle and lateral 1/3 articular disc resection. Left TMJ was used as the experimental group to block the LPM function. Right TMJ was used as the control group to maintain the LPM function. All sheep were euthanized 12 weeks after surgery. All TMJ complexes were evaluated by gross anatomy, helical-CT, micro-CT, and histopathological examination. Results: Gross anatomy showed that the control TMJ complexes developed bone ankylosis, while the experimental TMJ complexes only developed fibrous adhesion. Helical-CT and micro-CT showed that, compared with the experimental group, calcification callus images were observed in the joint space of control TMJ complexes, and irregular calcification images of new bone were observed in the upper and lower articular surfaces. The maximum mediolateral and anteroposterior diameters of control condyles were significantly larger than those of experimental condyles. Micro-CT showed that there were significant differences with all microstructural parameters between two groups (P<0.05). In the control group, the main growth orientation of new trabecular bone in the condylar fracture area was consistent with the LPM contraction direction, but not in the experimental condylar fracture area. Histopathological examination revealed that fibro-osseous ankylosis occurred in the control TMJ complexes, but not in the experimental TMJ complexes. Conclusion: Effect (similar to distraction osteogenesis) of LPM was an important and pathological cause of traumatic TMJ bone ankylosis after the sagittal fracture of condyle References | Related Articles | Metrics

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DDIT3 Regulates Chondrogenic Differentiation of ATDC5 Cells Under TNF-α Stimulation YANG Chang, XU Xiaoxiao, DONG Xiaofei, DONG Wei, WANG Jiawei 2021, 37(5): 448-452.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2021.05.014 Abstract ( 241 )   PDF (1795KB) ( 231 )   Objective: To investigate the function of DDIT3 in the regulation of chondrogenic differentiation of ATDC5 cells under TNF-α stimulation. Methods: Wild-type ATDC5 cells were induced to chondrogenic differentiation for 7 days under the stimulation of various concentrations of TNF-α (0, 1, 10, 20 ng/mL), and then lentivirus-transfected ATDC5 cells were treated with chondrogenic induction medium contained 10ng/mL TNF-α for 7 days. qRT-PCR was used to detect mRNA changes of inflammation-related genes COX2, IL-6, NOS2, and MMP-13. Western blot was utilized to evaluate the protein expression levels of DDIT3 and chondrogenic related markers Sox9, Col10a1 p-AKT, and AKT. Alcian blue staining was conducted to detect extracellular matrix. Results: The expression of DDIT3 and inflammation-related factors COX2, IL-6, NOS2, and MMP-13 were increased in ATDC5 cells under chondrogenic induction in various concentrations of TNF-α after 7 days, while the chondrogenic differentiation markers Sox9 and Col10a1 were decreased. Knockdown of DDIT3 partly reversed the decreased expression levels of Sox9 and Col10a1 and extracellular matrix formation in ATDC5 cells under TNF-α stimulation, while promoted the expression level of p-AKT. Conclusion: Under TNF-α induced inflammatory microenvironment, DDIT3 could regulate chondrogenic differentiation of ATDC5 cells References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Observation of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Features and Evaluation of Symptoms and Quality of Life in Patients with Temporomandibular Joint Effusion LIN Xiqiu, XIONG Xin, WU Dan, TAO Ran, Alimire·MIJITI, LIU Yang 2021, 37(5): 453-457.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2021.05.015 Abstract ( 357 )   PDF (1483KB) ( 312 )   Objective: To evaluate the relationship between the joint effusion and other magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of temporomandibular joint, and evaluate the relationship between joint effusion and clinical symptoms and oral health quality. Methods: A total of 174 patients who were admitted to the Temporomandibular Joint Department of West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University from May to November 2020 were evaluated with scales and MRIs. Joint effusion was divided into four grades: no, a small amount of, obvious, and a large amount of effusion. Other MRI evaluations include: disc shape, disc position, condylar shape, condylar position, and condylar motion. The short-form oral health impact profile-14 was used to assess patients with oral pain, psychological discomfort, functional limitation and social dysfunction. The Fonseca anamnestic index was used to assess symptoms. Chi-square test, Fisher test, Pearson correlation analysis and Spearman correlation analysis were used for data analysis. Results: Difference between joint effusion and condylar morphology and disc displacement was statistically significant. Joint effusion was positively correlated with difficulty moving the jaw to the sides, neck pain, and headache. The joint effusion was not correlated with the oral health quality of patients. Conclusion: Although joint effusion was associated with specific referred pain, clinical use of joint effusion as an indication for drug and surgical intervention and as an indicator for prognostic assessment should be treated cautiously References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Drugs Loaded Hierarchically Electrospraying Composite Microspheres Support Dental Alveolar Bone Augmentation YE Weilong, ZHENG Jingchuan, HUANG Jiaqian, ZHAO Pengcheng, LIU Zhu, MA Guowu 2021, 37(5): 458-461.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2021.05.016 Abstract ( 147 )   PDF (2019KB) ( 121 )   Objective: To construct PLGArhBMP2@CSPac525 composite microspheres by electrospraying and study their anti-bacteria and osteogenic effects in dental alveolar bone augmentation. Methods: PLGArhBMP2@CSPac525 composite microspheres were fabricated by hierarchically electrospraying. SEM, UV-Vis, and ELISA examination were performed to test the morphology and encapsulation efficiency of composite microspheres. Inhibitor ring test and alkaline phosphatase staining were used to verify the anti-bacteria and osteogenic bioactivity of Pac525 and rhBMP2 loaded in microspheres. Results: The composite microspheres demonstrated ideal sphere-in-sphere structure. The encapsulation efficiencies of Pac525 and rhBMP2 were both more than 90%. Diameter of inhibition ring was more than 10 mm with elution at 30th day, and significant alkaline phosphatase staining were found after osteogenic inducing with elusion for 7 days. Conclusion: These hierarchically microspheres might be serve as a promising, reliable and efficient multi-function bioactive scaffold for pre-implantation bone augmentation References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Role of ALPL in Regulating Tube Formation of Endothelia Cells by Exosomes from BMMSCs DONG Jiayi, ZHAO Jiangdong, ZHAO Wanmin, LIU Wenjia, LI Dehua 2021, 37(5): 462-467.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2021.05.017 Abstract ( 160 )   PDF (2854KB) ( 179 )   Objective: To explore the effect of ALPL in BMMSCs on endothelia cells (ECs) tube formation. Methods: Multilineage-differentiation was performed on normal human BMMSCs (Nor-hBMMSCs) and HPP patient BMMSCs (HPP-hBMMSCs). Then Nor-hBMMSCs, HPP-hBMMSCs, and ALPL overexpressed HPP-hBMMSCs (HPP+Plenti-ALPL) were cocultured with ECs. The vascular capacity of each groups was measured by tube formation experiment. To block exosomes secretion, HPP+Plenti-ALPL group was administrated with GW4869 before the tube formation ability was measured. To evaluate the tube formation capacity, ECs were treated with exosomes derived from Nor-hBMMSCs, HPP-hBMMSCs, and HPP-hBMMSCs+Plenti-ALPL, respectively. Results: The ALPL deficiency significantly impaired hBMMSCs induced tube formation of ECs. While the angiogenesis capacity of ECs in HPP-hBMMSCs was rescued by overexpression of ALPL, and such function could be blocked by inhibited exosomes secretion. Conclusion: ALPL plays a significant regulatory role in BMMSCs induced tube formation of vascular endothelial cell in an exosomes-dependent manner References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Overexpression of ADAM10 on Osteogenic Differentiation of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells by Regulating Notch Signaling Pathway ZHU Yongcui, ZHAI Lei, YAN Yazi, LI Yaru 2021, 37(5): 468-473.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2021.05.018 Abstract ( 175 )   PDF (2032KB) ( 177 )   Objective: To investigate the effect of a disintegrin and metalloproteas 10 (ADAM10) on the osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal stem cells (hPDLSCs). Methods: hPDLSCs were cultured in vitro and osteogenic differentiation was induced. The mRNA expression levels of ADAM10 in the 0, 7, and 14 d of osteogenic induction were detected by RT-PCR. hPDLSCs were infected with ADAM10 overexpressed lentivirus, and the cells were divided into blank control group, no-load group, and ADAM10 overexpressed group. The levels of ADAM10 mRNA and protein expression in hPDLSCs after infection were detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. CCK-8 was used to detect cell proliferation in each group. After osteogenic differentiation of infected hPDLSCs, alizarin red staining was performed to observe the formation of mineralized nodules in each group. The mRNA levels of osteogenic genes (ALP, Runx2, and OCN) and Notch signaling pathway related genes (Notch1, NICD, and Hes1) were detected by RT-PCR, and protein expressions of Notch signaling pathway related genes (Notch1, NICD, and Hes1) were detected by Western blot. Results: The mRNA expression level of ADAM10 decreased gradually in hPDLSCs during day 0, 7, and 14 of osteogenic differentiation (P<0.05). After infected with ADAM10 overexpressed lentivirus, the mRNA and protein expression levels of ADAM10 in hPDLSCs were significantly increased (P<0.05), and cell proliferation capacity was significantly enhanced (P<0.05). After osteogenic differentiation, compared with the control group and the no-load group, the mineralized nodule formation, mRNA expression levels of ALP, Runx2, and OCN, and protein expression levels of Notch1, NICD, and Hes1 in the ADAM10 overexpression group were significantly decreased (P<0.05). Conclusion: ADAM10 overexpression can promote the proliferation and inhibit the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs, which may be related to the activation of Notch signaling pathway References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Different Skin Flaps on Recovery and SA and sIL-2R Levels in Patients with Oral and Maxillofacial Soft Tissue Defects HAN Xiaodong, CHEN Donghui, ZHAO Furong 2021, 37(5): 474-478.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2021.05.019 Abstract ( 151 )   PDF (1934KB) ( 132 )   Objective: To explore the effects of different skin flaps on the recovery and sialic acid (SA) and soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) levels in patients with oral and maxillofacial soft tissue defects. Methods: Sixty-six patients with oral and maxillofacial soft tissue defects treated in Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital from January 2015 to January 2017 were selected as the research subjects. They were randomly divided into three groups (A, B, and C) with 22 cases in each group. Group A was treated with traditional anterolateral femoral flap, group B was treated with lateral femoral cutaneous nerve free anterolateral femoral flap, and group C was treated with forearm flap. The functional recovery of patients after 6 months of follow-up was compared, and patient satisfaction, serum SA, sIL-2R expression levels, and the incidence of oral adverse conditions in each group of patients were recorded and compared. Results: After 6 months of follow-up, the survival rate of flap was 96.97%. The scores of shape repair, mouth opening, closure, eating, language function, swallowing function, chewing function, and occlusal function of group B were significantly better than those of group A and group C (P<0.001 or P<0.05). And the postoperative sensory excellent rate and satisfaction of group B were higher than those of group A and group C (P<0.05). One month after surgery, the decrease in group B was better than those in groups A and C. The decrease in group A was better than that in group C (P<0.05). Compared with patients in group C, the incidence of complications in group B was reduced (P<0.05). Compared with patients in group A, the incidence of paresthesia and unresponsiveness in group B was reduced (P<0.05). Conclusion: The free anterolateral femoral skin flap is the best treatment for skin repair and reconstruction of oral and maxillofacial soft tissue defects, which is conducive to reduce the risk of donor site complications and improve the patient's functional recovery References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Local Tissue Necrosis of Hard Palate Mucosa Caused by Articaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Tartrate Injection: One Case Report LIN Yuhong, LI Xiaoning, SUN Yi, LIU Xue, LU Zhishan 2021, 37(5): 479-480.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2021.05.020 Abstract ( 224 )   PDF (1288KB) ( 346 )   Articaine hydrochloride and epinephrine tartrate injection is a local anesthetic method widely used in oral clinic, and its adverse reactions occur sometimes. In this paper, a case of local tissue necrosis of hard palate mucosa caused by local infiltration anesthesia of articaine hydrochloride and epinephrine tartrate injection in the right maxillary second molar was reported References | Related Articles | Metrics