Journal of Oral Science Research

Application of Digital Technique in Dental Implant Restoration of Severe Alveolar Bone Deficiency

WANG Zhiying

2021, 37(6): 485-488. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2021.06.001

Abstract ( 208 )

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Bone defect and severe alveolar atrophy are the key factors affecting long term stability of implants, digital guide and dynamic navigation are accepted by more and more dentists and patients because of accuracy, minimal invasive, time saving and final good results. Digital technique brings new methods and approaches for accuracy of bone augmentation of severe atrophic alveola, for precise and minimal invasive implant placement of complicated anatomic conditions, and for immediate loading of dental implant supported prosthesis.

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Research Progress on Treatment of White Spot Lesions During Fixed Orthodontic Treatment

WU Wenzhi, XIE Zhijian

2021, 37(6): 489-492. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2021.06.002

Abstract ( 285 )

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White spot lesion is a common complication after orthodontic treatment. These lesions tend to appear rough and chalky on the smooth surfaces, and hence affect the aesthetic and function of teeth. Various interventions have been employed in managing white spot lesion after orthodontic treatment. The purpose of this article is to review the latest research and therapeutic effects of these treatments, and to provide new ideas and new basis for clinical practice and fundamental research.

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Application of Microcapsule Self-healing Material in Dental Composite Resin

ZHANG Jingyue, LIU Xiaoqiu

2021, 37(6): 493-496. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2021.06.003

Abstract ( 213 )

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Cracking of composite resins due to poor mechanical properties has always been one of the main reasons for the clinical failure of resin fillers or restorations. Self-repairing materials, as a new type of intelligent material in a bionic system, have the dual performance of self-diagnosis and self-repair. Therefore, some scholars have introduced microcapsule-type self-healing systems into composite resins, hoping to extend the service life of fillers and restorations. This article reviews the development and application of microcapsule-type oral self-healing composite resin materials in recent years.

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Research Progress of Effect of Inflammatory Bowel Disease on Periodontal Disease

LIN Shulan, ZHAO Lei

2021, 37(6): 497-500. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2021.06.004

Abstract ( 244 )

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Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract. Except for predominant bowel symptoms, patients may also have oral manifestations, of which periodontal disease has gained increasing attention. The pathogeneses of IBD and periodontal disease can both be related to disturbance of local microbial and immune homeostasis. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to summarize the evidences and possible mechanisms of the effect IBD may have on periodontal disease.

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Research Progress on Mandible-first Sequencing in Bimaxillary Orthognathic Surgery

LIU Yao, WAN Qilong

2021, 37(6): 501-504. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2021.06.005

Abstract ( 330 )

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Two common sequences of bimaxillary orthognathic surgery are maxillary-first and mandible-first. During maxillary-first sequence, maxilla is repositioned and stabilized firstly, then using the stable maxilla to reposition the mandible. On the contrary, during mandible-first sequence, the mandible is firstly repositioned and stabilized, followed by repositioning the maxilla. Although there were significant advantages to support the using of mandible-first sequence, controversial still remains. The goal of this article is to review the application and research progress of mandible-first to assist surgeons in determining the sequence of bimaxillary orthognathic surgery.

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Apoptosis Promoting Effect of Icariin on Human Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells by Regulating Ki-67 and Notch-1 Gene Expression

WANG Yixue, XU Yingjie, CONG Beibei, WEI Xin

2021, 37(6): 505-508. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2021.06.006

Abstract ( 200 )

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Objective: To explore the effect of icaritin (ICT) on the apoptosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells-9 (SCC-9) through regulating Ki-67 and Notch-1 gene expression, and to provide experimental basis for ICT treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Methods: SCC-9 cells were treated with 4, 8, 16, 32, and 64 μmol/L ICT respesctively, and equal volume of culture medium was added as blank control group. CCK-8 method was used to detect the cell survival rate. Clone formation test was used to detect the capability of cell clones. Flow cytometry was used to detect the degree of apoptosis,and real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression levels of Ki-67 and Notch-1. Results: The proliferation rate and clone number of SCC-9 cells treated with ICT were significantly lower than those of control group (P<0.01). The expression levels of Ki-67 and Notch-1 in SCC-9 cells treated with ICT were significantly lower than those of control group (P<0.01). Conclusion: ICT can influence the proliferation and promote apoptosis of SCC-9 cells by down regulating the gene expression of Ki-67 and Notch-1.

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Curcumol Induces Apoptosis in Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma Tca-8113 Cells by Activating p38 MAPK Mediated-mitochondrial Apoptotic Pathway

ZHANG Pei, ZHANG Lingnan, YANG Yong, MA Xiangrui

2021, 37(6): 509-513. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2021.06.007

Abstract ( 223 )

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Objective: To investigate the effect of curcumol on apoptosis of human tongue squamous cell carcinoma Tca-8113 cells and its possible mechanism. Methods: Tca-8113 cells were treated with curcumol at different concentrations. The cell proliferation was detected by MTT assay, apoptosis rate and mitochondrial membrane potential change were evaluated by flow cytometry, and the expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins (Bax, Bcl-2, and Cleaved-caspase-3) and p38 MAPK signaling pathway related proteins (p-p38MAPK, p38MAPK, and Cyt C) in mitochondria and cytoplasm were detected by Western blot. Tca-8113 cells were treated with p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 combined with curcumol. The apoptosis rate and mitochondrial membrane potential change were detected by flow cytometry, and the expression levels of p38 MAPK signaling pathway related proteins (p-p38MAPK and p38MAPK) were detected by Western blot. Results: Curcumol inhibited the proliferation of Tca-8113 cells in a time and dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, Curcumol significantly induced apoptosis, reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, and down-regulated the protein expression levels of Bcl-2 and Cyt C in mitochondria, and up-regulated the protein expression levels of Bax, Cleaved- caspase-3, p-p38 MAPK, and Cyt C in the cytoplasm. There was no significant change in the expression of P38 MAPK protein. However, SB203580 intervention inhibited the inducing effect of curcumol on Tca-8113 cell apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential change, and activation of p38 MAPK signaling pathway. Conclusion: Curcumol can promote the apoptosis of Tca-8113 cells, the mechanism may relate to the activation of p38 MAPK-mediated mitochondrial apoptotic pathway.

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Analysis of AKR1C3 Expression in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Based on GEO

LI Lei, CHEN Yanping, YANG Kaicheng, LI You, WANG Xinchen, LUO Fengyu

2021, 37(6): 514-518. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2021.06.008

Abstract ( 251 )

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Objective: To investigate the expression level and function of AKR1C3 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methods: OSCC-related chip data sets from GEO (gene expression omnibus) database were selected. DEGs were screened out in chips using R language and performed functional enrichment analysis. Protein-protein interaction network (PPI) and DEGs correlation graph were constructed. The relationship between the expression level of DEGs AKR1C3 and prognosis was analyzed, and the expression of AKR1C3 protein in OSCC was verified by immunohistochemistry. Results: A total of 411 DEGs were screened out, of which 20 were significantly up-regulated and down-regulated. DEGs were mainly involved in the process of T cell activation and regulation of lymphocyte activation, and were enriched in the cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, fluid shear stress, and atherosclerosis. The protein interaction network showed that AKR1C3 was most closely related to AKR1C1, AKR1B10, AKR1B1, etc. The correlation analysis of differentially expressed genes showed that AKR1C3 was most closely related to ALDH3A1, UGT1Ab, etc. The survival time of patients with high expression of AKR1C3 was shorter (P<0.05). The immunohistochemical results showed that the expression of AKR1C3 protein was up-regulated in OSCC tissues (P<0.05). Conclusion: AKR1C3 can be used as a potential molecular marker for early diagnosis, treatment target selection, and prognosis evaluation of oral squamous cell carcinoma, and provide reference for subsequent research.

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Clinicopathological Analysis of Primary Leiomyosarcoma of Parotid Gland

YU Fang, CHEN Qiongrong, XIANG Yuanhang, XU Jian

2021, 37(6): 519-522. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2021.06.009

Abstract ( 190 )

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Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological features and differential diagnosis of primary leiomyosarcoma (LMS) of parotid gland. Methods: Two cases of primary parotid LMS were observed clinicopathologically and analyzed immunohistochemically, and the related literatures were reviewed. Results: Two male patients presented with parotid masses. Pathologic findings revealed that the sarcoma was composed of tumor cells arranged in a long spindle shape, parallel or interwoven bundles, and invaded the surrounding tissues. The immunohistochemical results showed that the tumor cells expressed SMA and Caldesmon. Two patients received surgery and radiotherapy and were followed up for two years without recurrence or distant metastasis. Conclusion: Primary parotid gland LMS was a rare malignant tumor in the maxillofacial region, which was difficult to be diagnosed preoperatively. Immunohistochemistry was helpful to the diagnosis of this disease.

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Analysis on Morphological Characteristics of Crown and Root of Mandibular Central Incisors with Skeletal Class Ⅲ Malocclusion Based on CBCT

YU Miao, XU Yishan, LI Zhenzhen, WU Yao, LIU Jia, CAO Yu, ZHANG Huichao, YANG Luyi

2021, 37(6): 523-527. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2021.06.010

Abstract ( 175 )

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Objective: To investigate the crown-root morphology of mandibular central incisor in skeletal Class Ⅲ malocclusion by cone-beam computed tomography(CBCT)and explore its correlation with the related alveolar bone morphology. Methods: From the patients receiving CBCT, 40 patients with skeletal class Ⅲ malocclusion were randomly selected as the experimental group and 15 normal individuals as the control group. Further, the experimental group was subdivided into lingual inclination group and erection group according to different labial inclinations of the lower central incisor. The crown-root angle, crown length, root length, crown-root ratio of the mandibular central incisor, and the corresponding alveolar bone morphology of the experimental group were measured and analyzed statistically. Results: The crown-root angle in the experimental group was smaller than that in the control group (P<0.01). In the patients with skeletal class Ⅲ malocclusion, the crown-root angle in the erection group was smaller than that in the lingual inclination group (P<0.01). Among the patients with skeletal class Ⅲ malocclusion, the crown-root morphology was correlated with the corresponding alveolar bone morphology at different degrees (P<0.05). Conclusion: The crown-root angle of mandibular central incisor is obvious in patients with skeletal class Ⅲ malocclusion, and the crown-root morphology of mandibular central incisor is significantly different between the erection group and the lingual inclination group. There is a significant correlation between the crown-root morphology of mandibular central incisor and the corresponding alveolar bone morphology in patients with skeletal class Ⅲ malocclusion.

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USP 12 Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells under Cyclic Tension

ZOU Hao, CHANG Maolin, ZHANG Zhen, HAN Guangli

2021, 37(6): 528-532. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2021.06.011

Abstract ( 211 )

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Objective: To investigate the influence of ubiquitin-specific protease 12 (USP 12) on osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) under cyclic tension. Methods: Primary hPDLSCs were collected and the differentiation characteristics were detected by osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation experiments. The expression of USP 12 was detected by real-time quantitative PCR, Western blot, and immunofluorescence assay. The osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs was detected by ALP staining test. The expressions of ALP, OGT, and OPN were detected by real-time quantitative PCR. Results: The primary hPDLSCs had the potential of multi-directional differentiation. The expression of USP 12 increased at first and then decreased after cyclic stretch stimulation. The expression of ALP and OGT increased at first and then decreased, and the expression of OPN increased gradually. Conclusion: USP 12 may promote osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs under cyclic tension.

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Study on Morphology of Some Normal Maxillary and Mandibular Dental Arch and Basal Bone Arch in Mixed Dentition Stage ⅢA

ZHANG Bei, ZHU Shaojun, SHENG Li, ZHANG Ruihan, WANG Zhiheng, Xayda·AHAT, WANG Mengqi, LIU Yishan

2021, 37(6): 533-538. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2021.06.012

Abstract ( 175 )

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Objective: To analyze the correlation between the dental arch and basal bone arch of some normal jaw and mandible in mixed dentition stage ⅢA through comparing the 3D digital measurement of dental arch and basal bone morphology. Methods: A total of 92 children (44 males and 48 females) who met the requirements in the Department of Pediatric Dentition Prevention of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University were selected. They were made plaster models and measured by 3d digital scanning and measuring software. Pearson correlation analysis was conducted on the morphological parameters of mandibular dental arch and basal bone arch, and the fitting curve was obtained. Results: The distance difference between FA 'point and WALA' point gradually increased from the lacteal cusp area to the molars area. The linear distance between FA point and WALA point gradually decreased from the mandibular central incisor to the mandibular first permanent molar. There was no statistical difference between men and women on the linear distance (P>0.05). There was a significant correlation between the length and width of mandibular dental arch, the anterior segment of basal bone arch, the middle segment, and the posterior segment (P<0.01). The correlation between the width and height of the mandibular dental arch, the middle and posterior segment of the basal bone arch (r=0.842, r=0.882), and the other measurement indexes were all moderately correlated. Conclusion: The morphology of individual normal mandibular arch and basal bone arch in mixed dentition ⅢA stage is closely related, and the normal value of the difference between FA point of individual normal mandibular arch and WALA point of basal bone arch in mixed dentition ⅢA stage is obtained.

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The Midpoints Line of Facial Axis Point and its Relationship with Bracket Positioning: A Study in Teenagers with Normal Occlusion

LIN Ting, WU Xiaojin, YANG Li, ZHENG Weilong, WU Qianxian, ZHANG Bin

2021, 37(6): 539-542. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2021.06.013

Abstract ( 181 )

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Objective: To evaluate the patterns of midpoints lines of facial axis (FA) point and discuss its relationship with pre-adjusted bracket positioning. Methods: Fifty-nine sets of stone models were prepared from teenagers of normal occlusion. The height of clinical crown was measured with a vernier and the midpoints of the FA point were determined. The horizontal and vertical data of the center point of clinical crown were measured by a simple two-dimensional model measuring instrument. The lines of the midpoints of FA which were drawn with computer software were analyzed. Results: The central points of the clinical crowns of adolescents with normal occlusion in Guangzhou could be summarized into several regular zigzag lines. Conclusion: The FA points between the teeth were not always on the same plane. It was recommended that the ideal position to place the bracket was not the center of the labial surface of the tooth

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Changes of Upper Root and Buccal Alveolar Bone Resorption after MSE: A Cone-beam CT analysis

ZHENG Rusong, LI Yantao, WANG Lanzhu, SHENG Anju

2021, 37(6): 543-548. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2021.06.014

Abstract ( 241 )

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Objective: To determine the changes of upper root and buccal alveolar bone resorption after MSE expander by cone-beam CT (CBCT). Methods: This study included 16 patients (7 males and 9 females ranged from 16 to 24years) with narrow upper arch treated with MSE. CBCT images were taken before and after expansion. All Dicom data were imported Mimics17.0 software and reconstructed. The root length and alveolar bone height/thickness were compared and measured, respectively. Statistical analysis were performed using paired t-test. Results: The CBCT measurements were as follows: (1)There was only slight change in all measured root length, but no statistical significance (P>0.05); (2)The buccal alveolar bone height and thickness showed significant changes in anchorage teeth, but there was no significant change in non-anchorage teeth (P>0.05). Conclusion: No significant root resorption was found after MSE treatment. The alveolar height and thickness resorption was more severe in the anchorage teeth than in the non-anchorage teeth, which provided reference for clinical selection of dental expander types.

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Clinical Analysis of Implant-supported Overdentures with Different Types of Attachments

ZHAO Baohong, PANG Hongjuan, LI Xuejing, JIANG Lulu, ZOU Liyan, DENG Chunfu, ZHANG Chong, WANG Danning, TIAN Sirui

2021, 37(6): 549-553. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2021.06.015

Abstract ( 180 )

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Objective: To analyze the clinical efficacy of implant-supported overdentures with different types of attachments. Methods: Forty-six patients treated by implant-supported overdentures with different types of attachments were included and examined. Index for peri-implant tissue conditions and prosthetic complications were examined and recorded. The clinical efficacy was evaluated by the rate of implant retention, incidence of complications, and patients' satisfaction. Results: After an average follow-up of (64±36) months, the survival rate of implants was 93.44%, the marginal bone loss was (1.32±1.13) mm. There was no statistical difference among the different types of attachments groups regarding the peri-implant marginal bone loss and bleeding on probing (P＞0.05). There were statistically significant differences in mucosal proliferation index, plaque index, and probing depth (P＜0.05). Gingival hyperplasia was more common in the bar group. The main mechanical complications of implant-supported overdentures were retaining cap loosening and replacement, abutment wear, and screw loosening. Conclusion: The implant-supported overdentures with different types of attachments have successful clinical efficacy and patients' satisfaction. The quality of life of the patients was improved by overdenture.

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Mechanical Properties and Precision Analysis of Zirconia Toughened Alumina Crowns Fabricated by Stereolithography Method

CHEN Huanhuan, ZHU Li, SONG Yiting, CAI Mengzhe, XU Yidi, HUANG Shengbin, MA Jianfeng

2021, 37(6): 554-558. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2021.06.016

Abstract ( 217 )

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Objective: To evaluate the mechanical properties and precision of zirconia toughened alumina (ZTA) crowns fabricated by stereolithography (SLA) method. Methods: ZTA specimens (group SL) were made by SLA technology and zirconia specimens (group CM) were made by CAD/CAM milling technology. The flexural strength, Vickers hardness, fracture toughness, and brittleness index were compared. Ten ZTA crowns were made by SLA technology and ten zirconia crowns were made by CAD/CAM milling technology. The precision was evaluated. Results: Although the flexural strength of group SL was lower than that of group CM (P＞0.05), it satisfied the clinical requirement (579.01±43.24) MPa. The Vickers hardness and brittleness index of group SL were higher than group CM, and the fracture toughness of group SL was lower than group CM (P＜0.05). There was no significant difference on the precision between two all-ceramic crown groups in the outer surface (P＞0.05), however, significant difference in the inner surface (P＜0.05). Conclusion: Although in the clinical acceptable range, the mechanical properties and precision of ZTA crowns made by SLA method are still less than those of crowns made by CAD/CAM milling technology. It needs further optimization

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Digital Analysis of Mucosal Deformation of Distal-extension Removable Denture with Altered-cast Impression

WANG Xiaomeng, LIU Xinggang, JIANG Qingsong, ZHENG Dongxiang

2021, 37(6): 559-563. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2021.06.017

Abstract ( 160 )

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Objective: To access the deformation of mandibular distal-extension mucosa with altered-cast impression techniques. Methods: Seven patients receiving a mandibular distal-extension removable denture with the altered-cast impression in prosthodontics department of Beijing Stomatological Hospital were assigned. Mandibular CBCT was performed and digital intraoral scanner was used to acquire anatomic impression of mandible. The altered cast was digitalized by the laboratory scanner. The digital models were registered by Geomagic software. The thickness and the deformation of distal-extension mandibular mucosa were processed and analyzed with Geomagic and R language softwares. Results: The thickness of distal-extension mucosa was (2.21±0.72) mm. The deformation of distal-extension mucosa was (0.38±0.55) mm, which increased from mesial to distal. There was no significant correlation between the mucosal deformation and the thickness in each point. Conclusion: The deformation of distal-extension mucosa increased from mesial to distal. There was no significant correlation between the mucosal deformation and the thickness in each point.

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Comparative Study on Different Methods to Measure the Sagittal Condylar Inclination and Transversal Condylar Inclination

LI Ning, SUN Xu, CHEN Zhiyu, YANG Jiadi, GUO Changjun

2021, 37(6): 564-568. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2021.06.018

Abstract ( 276 )

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Objective: To compare the consistence of measurement of sagittal condylar inclination and transversal condylar inclination of individual normal occlusion in young people with mandibular motion recording device,wax record and silicone rubber occlusal record. Methods: Thirty-two individual normal occlusion from senior students of our college were selected. Zebris mandibular motion recording device (JMA), wax and occlusal recording silicone rubber were used to measure the sagittal condylar inclination and transversal condylar inclination, respectively. Results: The consistence of mandibular motion recording device was better than wax record and silicone rubber occlusal record. There were statistically significant differences in sagittal condylar inclination and transversal condylar inclination between Zebris and wax record (P<0.05) and between Zerbis and silicone rubber occlusal record (P<0.05), however, no significant difference between wax record and silicone rubber occlusal record (P>0.05). Conclusion: Zebris mandibular motion recording device (JMA) has good consistence,high sensitivity and convenience, so it has good clinical promotion value.

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Effect of Strontium Ranelate on Alveolar Bone Loss in Diabetic Periodontitis in Rats

CHEN Helin, WANG Hang, HUANG Hui, WANG Yu, XIONG Yue

2021, 37(6): 569-573. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2021.06.019

Abstract ( 234 )

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Objective: To investigate the effects of strontium ranelate on alveolar bone loss in diabetic periodontitis in rats. Methods: Forty male SD rats weighing 200g were adopted and divided into four groups randomly: group D (diabetic rats with no intervention); group D+Sr (diabetic rats with administration of strontium ranelate intragastrically); group D+L (diabetic rats with ligature); and group D+L+Sr (diabetic rats with ligature and administration of strontium ranelate intragastrically). After 1 month of strontium ranelate administration, rats were sacrificed and serum and the jaw were collected to measure the content of Ca, P, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) as well as the alveolar bone loss and expression of RANKL and OPG. Results: The contents of Ca and P among the four groups had no significant difference (P＞0.05), while content of ALP in D+L+Sr group was significantly higher than that in D+L group (P<0.05). The three dimensional reconstruction image of the alveolar bone showed that alveolar bone loss in D+L+Sr group was smaller than that in D+L group. Ratio of RANKL/OPG in D+L+Sr group was samller than that in D+L group. Conclusion: Strontium ranelate might promote bone formation and inhibit bone resorption via regulation of RANKL/OPG axis and eventually ameliorate alveolar bone loss in diabetic periodontitis.

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Application and Diagnostic Exploration of 16SrRNA Gene Detection Technology in Oral Microenvironment of Periodontal Disease Patients

YOU Lin, ZHOU Ruiping, GUO Li

2021, 37(6): 574-578. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2021.06.020

Abstract ( 207 )

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Objective: To study and analyze the application and diagnostic value of 16SrRNA gene detection technology in oral microenvironment of periodontal disease patients. Methods: One hundred and twenty patients with periodontal disease admitted to the hospital from June 2020 to October 2021 were included in the study, including 40 patients with chronic periodontitis, 40 patients with invasive periodontal disease, and 40 patients with diabetes-related periodontal disease. In addition, 40 healthy volunteers in our hospital were selected as control group. Oral specimens of the above groups were collected, and the bacteria in the samples were extracted strictly following the instructions of the DNA extraction kit. Meanwhile, the concentration and quality of DNA were determined with a NanoDrop 1000 Spectrophotometer nucleic acid quantitative analyzer. PCR amplification, recovery, quantification, Miseq library construction, sequencing, and other operations were completed through the Miseq sequencing platform. Finally, optimization statistics and bioinformatics analysis of 16SrRNA high-throughput sequencing data were completed. Results: Compared with the control group and before treatment, the relative abundance of Microbacterium-chocolatum in chronic periodontitis patients increased significantly after treatment, while the relative abundance of other types of microorganisms decreased. The relative abundance of Rothia-Dentocariosa in diabetes-related periodontal disease was significantly higher than that in other periodontal disease groups. Compared with the control group, the selenium content of Selenomonas-NoXIA was lower in patients with chronic periodontal disease. Paracoccus, Flavobacterium, Microbacterium, Agrobacterium, and Azospirllum in diabetes-related periodontal disease patients were significantly different from those in other periodontal disease groups and control groups. Conclusion: 16SrRNA gene detection technology has high application and diagnostic value in the oral microenvironment of patients with periodontal disease, which is worthy of clinical popularization and application, and may be an effective means for comprehensive cognition of oral microorganisms in patients with periodontal disease.

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