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Advancements of Clinical and Basic Research in Oral Submucous Fibrosis TANG Zhangui, CHENG Yuxi 2022, 38(8): 705-709.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2022.08.001 Abstract ( 492 )   PDF (1057KB) ( 465 )   Oral submucosal fibrosis (OSF) is a collagen deposition disease characterized by scarring and tissue fibrosis, which can severely affect the oral function and quality of life of patients. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), there are more than 5 million OSF patients worldwide, with malignant transformation rates ranging from 1.5%-15%. Thus WHO has included it in the category of potentially malignant disorders of the oral cavity. The clinical and basic research progress of OSF is reviewed in this paper, with aim to provide a reference for understanding the pathogenesis of the disease and its early clinical prevention and treatment. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of Accuracy between Static and Dynamic System in Dental Implantation CHEN Zijun, SONG Yingliang 2022, 38(8): 710-714.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2022.08.002 Abstract ( 234 )   PDF (826KB) ( 227 )   Computer-aided implant surgery develops rapidly, but it also exposes the problem of surgical error when it is applied to dental implantation, and the solutions to the error are constantly updated. The combination of static navigation and flapless technique and application of the auxiliary micro-screw can provide better surgical results for patients with complete edentulous jaws. Dynamic navigation has the advantage of high precision, and using more perfect image technology and more stable registration scheme will further improve the efficacy of implantation surgery. In this paper, the errors of static and dynamic navigation in computer-aided implant surgery are analyzed, and the frontier achievements of the errors are summarized based on the latest literature, so as to predict the improvement and development of digital implant technology. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Construction of Dynamic 3D Finite Element Model of Temporomandibular Joint LUO Liangyu, LIU Jun 2022, 38(8): 715-717.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2022.08.003 Abstract ( 310 )   PDF (765KB) ( 438 )   The healthy temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is of vital importance to basic physiological functions such as mastication, swallowing, and speech. Temporomandibular joint disorders are possibly related to abnormal stress distribution in the TMJ. However, it is not feasible to directly measure the complex stress and strain distribution patterns in the TMJ by conventional measurements. Dynamic three-dimensional finite element analysis has become the main method to study the biomechanics of TMJ due to its accurate and non-invasive nature. However, there are significant differences in the geometric similarity and degree of mechanical simulation between different modelling methods. In this paper, the geometric model construction, material properties, contact relationship, and the kinematic loading of TMJ are reviewed. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Therapeutic Effect of TPTD on Medication-related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw WANG Jiajia, WANG Shaoyi 2022, 38(8): 718-721.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2022.08.004 Abstract ( 451 )   PDF (794KB) ( 229 )   Teriparatide(TPTD), a synthetic peptide corresponding to the first 34 amino acids of human parathyroid hormone (PTH), has been approved for the treatment of osteoporosis for its anabolic and immunoregulatory effects. Such effects inspired clinicians to dig its potential to rescue jaw bone related disease. Among these, an increasing number of research has shown the therapeutic effect of TPTD on medication-related osteonecrosis of the Jaw (MRONJ). However, the exact pathogenesis of TPTD for treating MRONJ remains largely unknown. This review focuses on the progress of TPTD in the management of MRONJ, investigating its potential value on clinical use. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Dentin Treatments Before Bonding of Noncarious Cervical Lesions Guo Rui, Huang Cui 2022, 38(8): 722-724.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2022.08.005 Abstract ( 218 )   PDF (748KB) ( 277 )   Bonding of noncarious cervical lesions is difficult in restoration dentistry, and it’s a hot point in clinical research. For years, researchers have studied noncarious cervical lesions systematically and gradually understood it better. Nowadays, the theoretical and experimental studies are already mature. This review would discuss morphology characteristics, research progress, and future development of noncarious cervical lesions bonding, so as to play a guiding role for dental clinic. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation of Fumed Silica/polydimethylsiloxane Superhydrophobic Coating on Tooth Enamel Surface and Evaluation of Its Cytotoxicity and Antibacterial Ability WU Yihao, ZHU Li, ZHOU Xin, LUO Yixuan, HUANG Shengbin, LIN Jixing, MA Jianfeng 2022, 38(8): 725-730.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2022.08.006 Abstract ( 223 )   PDF (1213KB) ( 174 )   Objective: To prepare fumed silica/polydimethylsiloxane (SiO2/PDMS) superhydrophobic coating on the surface of tooth enamel, and evaluate the cytotoxicity and antibacterial ability of the superhydrophobic coating. Methods: Different mass percentages of hydrophilic and hydrophobic SiO2 and PDMS were dissolved in n-hexane and other related additives to form suspension solution and sprayed on enamel surface to form superhydrophobic coating. The contact angle and sliding angle of coating were measured by contact angle measuring instrument. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the microstructure. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to analyze its element concentration. Fourier transform infrared absorption spectrometer (FTIR) was used to analyze the inner group of the coating. Cytotoxicity test was performed to detect its biocompatibility. Automatic colony forming unit (CFU) was used to verify its anti- streptococcus mutans adhesion ability. Results: The best hydrophobic effect was when the hydrophilic fumed silica: hydrophobic fumed silica was 1∶1. At this moment, the average contact angle reached 164°, and the sliding angle reached 1.4°. The superhydrophobic effect comes from the surface roughness provided by nano-SiO2 particles and the low surface energy provided by PDMS. MTT results showed that the coating had good biocompatibility. Antibacterial test showed that the antibacterial effect of superhydrophobic coating was better than that of control group. The anti-adhesion effect was stable within 6 h, reaching more than 87%. Conclusion: A biocompatibility superhydrophobic coating was successfully constructed on the enamel surface. The coating has good adhesion resistance to Streptococcus mutans, which provides ideas for the development of oral caries prevention sprays. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence of Circadian Disruption on Dentin Development in Mice LI Ruiqi, HUANG Wushuang, LI Shiyu, ZHENG Xueqing, LIU Nianke, SONG Yaling 2022, 38(8): 731-735.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2022.08.007 Abstract ( 197 )   PDF (1689KB) ( 188 )   Objective: To investigate the effect of circadian disruption during dentin formation. Methods: The model of environmental circadian disruption was constructed in mice and immunohistochemistry (IHC) was employed to detect the expression of BMAL1, PER2, and DSPP in molar germs in offspring of pregnant mice. Mouse dental papilla cells (mDPCs) were separated from Kunming mice at postnatal day 1 (PN1). After synchronization, the cells were cultured for 48h and harvested every 6h. qRT-PCR was used to explore the expression of Bmal1 and Per2. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to compare the structure of dentinal tubules in the sagittal plane of incisor and molar in control and disturbance group. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) was performed for surface elements analysis of mandibular incisors. The mineral density of dentin in both groups was compared and analyzed. Results: The expression of BMAL1, PER2, and DSPP decreased in the mandibular first molar germs of circadian rhythm disturbance group compared with the control group. Moreover, during 48h period, Bmal1 and Per2 exhibited a rhythmic profile in synchronized mouse dental papilla cells. The element weight percent of Ca and the value of the Ca/P ratio were reduced in disturbance group compared with those in the control group. The results of SEM and mineral density of dentin exhibited no obvious abnormalities. Conclusion: Circadian rhythm might involve in regulating dentin development. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Proteomic Analysis of Inflammation-related Differential Proteins in Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells Induced by Porphyromonas Gingivalis Lipopolysaccharide XIE Yuandong, LI Zehua, LIU Xiaoli, HU Ling, ZHAN Luoning, LI Yi 2022, 38(8): 736-741.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2022.08.008 Abstract ( 175 )   PDF (3563KB) ( 149 )   Objective: To investigate the expression of inflammation-related differential proteins in human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (P.gingivalis LPS) by proteomics. Methods: Human DPSCs were isolated, cultured, and identified in vitro. Ten μg/mL P.gingivalis LPS was used to stimulate DPSCs to establish an inflammatory model. The expressions of inflammatory factors interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-8 were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The differentially expressed proteins related to inflammation induced by P.gingivalis LPS were screened by proteomics, and the functional enrichment was analyzed by KEGG, GO, and PPI. Results: P.gingivalis LPS stimulated the expression of inflammatory factors IL-6 and IL-8 in DPSCs. Compared with the control group, 277 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in DPSCs were changed significantly in the inflammatory microenvironment. Functional enrichment analysis showed that DEPs were involved in regulating multiple inflammatory or damage repair related signal pathways, such as neutrophil mediated immune process, tumor necrosis factor-mediated signal pathway, apoptosis signal pathway, Wnt pathway, TGF-β biological processes such as signal pathway, pentose phosphate pathway, and HIF-1 signal pathway. Conclusion: P.gingivalis LPS can induce an inflammatory response in DPSCs. This process involves the relationship between multiple proteins and multiple signal pathways, which lays a foundation for exploring the pathogenesis of pulpitis and the study of clinical diagnostic markers. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Resolvin E1 on Neutrophil Apoptosis in Pulpitis PAN Liangliang, ZHANG Qi 2022, 38(8): 742-746.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2022.08.009 Abstract ( 201 )   PDF (1860KB) ( 165 )   Objective: To investigate the effect and mechanism of resolvin E1 (RvE1) on apoptosis of neutrophils in pulpitis. Methods: SD rats were used to establish the pulpitis model and RvE1 was used for pulp capping. Samples were collected 1, 3, and 7 days after surgery. HE staining was performed to detect inflammatory infiltration, and the expression of inflammatory factors were detected by immunohistochemistry. CD11b and Tunel co-staining were used to detect the neutrophil apoptosis rate. Human neutrophils were isolated and cultured with heat-inactived Streptococcus mutans (S.mutan) or lipopolysaccharide after pretreated with RvE1. Samples were collected 6, 12, and 24 hours after stimulation. Annexin V/PI was used to detect the apoptosis rate and qPCR was used to detect mRNA expression of apoptosis related factors. Results: In vivo, RvE1 treatment significantly reduced the pulpitis infiltration and expressions of TNF-α and IL-1β, and increased the neutrophil apoptosis rate. In vitro, RvE1 treatment increased the apoptosis rate of neutrophil after S.mutan stimulation. QPCR results showed that the expression of pro-survival gene Akt and Mcl-1 decreased, and the expression of pro-apoptotic gene Bax increased. Conclusion: RvE1 regulates the expression of Akt, Mcl-1, and Bax, enhances the apoptosis of neutrophils after bacteria stimulation, and promotes the regression of pulpitis. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical Effectiveness of Non-extraction Clear Aligner Therapy in Patients with Class Ⅱ Division 1 Malocclusion GUO Renming, DONG Haoxin, LI Yibo, LIU Panming, LI Zhengze, CUI Shuxia 2022, 38(8): 747-751.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2022.08.010 Abstract ( 206 )   PDF (1103KB) ( 211 )   Objective: To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of non-extraction Clear Aligner therapy in patients with Class Ⅱ division 1 malocclusion. Methods: From January 2016 to January 2021, 34 patients who received non-extraction Clear Aligner therapy and with Class Ⅱ division 1 malocclusion in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were selected. Based on American Board of Orthodontics Objective Grading System, the orthodontic outcomes were evaluated. The lateral cephalograms were measured and analyzed. Results: Based on American Board of Orthodontics Objective Grading System, the passing rate was 55.88% and the possible passing rate was 97.06%. There were statistically significant decreases in U6-PP(mm) and U1-PP(°) after the treatment (P<0.05). There was no statistical difference in measurements of SN-MP, SN-OP, S-Go/N-Me, and SN-PP (P>0.05). Conclusion: Non-extraction Clear Aligner therapy in patients with average-angle Class Ⅱ division 1 malocclusion could receive satisfactory results. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Changes of TMJ, Muscle, and Occlusion Before and After Mandibular Retrusion Treatment CHU Mengshi, LANG Xin, WASEEM SALEH AL-GUMAEI, QIN Rong, ZHANG Xinyu, ZHENG Yan 2022, 38(8): 752-756.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2022.08.011 Abstract ( 221 )   PDF (2054KB) ( 272 )   Objective: To investigate the changes of joint, muscle, and occlusal related indexes before and after functional orthodontic treatment, analyze the internal relationship between the factors, and explore their relationship with mandibular growth and stability of functional orthodontic treatment. Methods: Twenty-one children with Class Ⅱ mandibular retrusion who had completed functional orthodontic treatment were selected. The changes of TMJ, muscle, and occlusion before and after treatment were measured through CBCT images, and the results were analyzed. Results: After treatment, the length of condyle neck increased, the supracondylar and posterior spaces increased, the glenoid fossa distance and width increased, the mesial inclination angle of masseter muscle direction decreased, the occlusal plane rotated clockwise, and the labial inclination of lower incisors increased. The above changes were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: After treatment, although the adaptive remodeling of joints occurs in patients with mandibular retrusion, an incoordination exists between the direction of masseter muscle and the maximum occlusal force, and the changes of occlusal plane, lower anterior labial inclination, etc. may adversely affect the sagittal growth of mandible and the stability of curative effect. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Finite Element Analysis of Incisors Intrusion with Clear Aligners in Periodontitis Patients XU Pengfei, ZHANG Min, FAN Zhibo, YANG Binbin, XU Xiaomei 2022, 38(8): 757-761.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2022.08.012 Abstract ( 253 )   PDF (1679KB) ( 303 )   Objective: To study the biomechanical mechanism of different hardness and displacement Clear Aligner during incisor intrusion in patients with periodontitis. Methods: A three-dimensional finite element model with mild and moderate periodontitis was established. The tooth displacement trend and periodontal ligament stress distribution were analyzed. Results: The incisors of 8 groups all showed intrusion with labial inclination. With the increase of hardness of Clear Aligner, the vertical displacement trend increased, and the labial inclination trend decreased. With the increase of displacement, the labial inclination trend increased. The maximum stress was concentrated in the tooth neck and apical area, and the minimum stress was distributed in the middle of the root. With the increase of hardness, the overall stress value of periodontal ligament increased, and the stress distribution of tooth neck became more uniform, but the stress of tooth neck was more concentrated with the increase of displacement. Conclusion: With the increase of the hardness of invisible appliance, the efficacy and three-dimensional control of the appliance are enhanced, while the increase in the displacement is not conducive to the three-dimensional control. Clinically, it is recommended to use a medium hardness appliance, which can achieve both tooth intrusion and maintain the health of periodontal tissue in patients with periodontitis. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Photo-actived Disinfection on Acute Pseudomembranous Stomatitis in Mice GU Yue, ZHANG Jing, LIANG Beibei, YANG Jiadi, WANG Jianing, LIU Na, LIU Qing 2022, 38(8): 762-767.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2022.08.013 Abstract ( 186 )   PDF (2182KB) ( 166 )   Objective: To discuss the effect of photo-activated disinfection (PAD) on acute pseudomembranous stomatitis model, compare the influence of different incubation time on curative efficacy, and provide experimental basis for PAD treatment. Methods: Thirty-six 6-week-old male ICR mice were randomly divided into three groups, with 12 mice in each group. The area of lingual dorsal lesion in all mice was measured before treatment. The back of the tongue in the two treatment groups was firstly coated with 1 mg/mL toluidine blue solution, and then the treatment group 1 was incubated for 1 min and treatment group 2 was incubated for 2 min. Both groups were finally given 750 mW LED red light for 1min. The control group received no treatment. After 48 hours, the clinical manifestations of the mice were observed, the lesion area of the tongue back was measured, and histopathological examination was evaluated. Results: Before PAD treatment, there was no significant difference in the score of pseudomembrane disease on lingual dorsum among three groups (P>0.05). Forty-eight hours after treatment, the scores of pseudomembrane of tongue in the two treatment groups were lower than that in the control group (P<0.05), however, no difference between two treatment groups (P>0.05). HE staining showed epithelial tissue thickening and irregular epithelial nailing, together with neutrophil infiltration in the superficial epithelium and formation of microabscesses at individual locations in the control group. The epithelial structures in the two treatment groups were regular, without significant difference. PAS staining showed that a large number of hyphae were covered in the control group, and hyphal invasion was observed on the superficial surface of epithelium. The number of hyphae in the two treatment groups was significantly lower than that in the control group. Mycelial invasion into the keratinized layer was occasionally observed, but it did not penetrate into the epithelial layer. No significant difference was observed between two treatment groups. Conclusion: Photo-activation disinfection technique can significantly reduce the symptoms of pseudomembrane on the back of the tongue in the mouse model of acute pseudomembranous stomatitis. The treatment of acute pseudomembranous stomatitis with 1 mg/mL toluidine blue solution incubated for 1min and 750 mW LED red light irradiated for 1min can achieve obvious therapeutic effect. Prolonging the incubation time to 2 min did not improve the therapeutic effect when other parameters remained unchanged. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Differential Expression Profiles and Difference Analysis of MicroRNAs in Tissues of Patients with Oral Lichen Planus were Screened by High-throughput Sequencing LIU Jian, LI Tiancui, WU Jingjing, YAO Manman, XU Yanzhi, LI Jingzhe 2022, 38(8): 768-772.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2022.08.014 Abstract ( 214 )   PDF (1171KB) ( 119 )   Objective: To explore the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the pathogenesis of oral lichen planus (OLP). Methods: The tissues of 3 OLP patients (experimental group) and 3 normal individual (control group) were collected in the Department of Stomatology of the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University for illumina high-throughput sequencing to screen the differentially expressed miRNAs. The target genes were predicted and analyzed by bioinformatics analyses. Results: A total of 61 differentially expressed miRNAs were screened between the two groups by using DESeq software, including 23 up-regulated and 38 down-regulated miRNAs. Three of the most significantly up-regulated (miR-449c-5p, miR-663b, and miR-196a-5p) and down-regulated (miR-133b, miR-1-3p, and miR-133a-3p) miRNAs were selected for target gene prediction, and GO analysis revealed that these targets were mainly enriched in the cell membrane region and might be involved in biological processes such as cell migration, differentiation, metabolism, and secretion regulation. KEGG analysis revealed that these targets were significantly enriched in MAPK, Rap1, NF-κB, Ras, and other signaling pathways. Conclusion: There are differentially expressed miRNAs between OLP and normal oral mucosa, and these miRNAs can act on MAPK, NF-κB, Rap1 and other pathways through SEMA3F, HECW1, POLDIP and other target genes to participate in the development and progression of OLP. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Prediction of Potential Targets and Molecular Mechanisms of Prednisone for Oral Lichen Planus Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking WANG Houshang, YANG Jin, ZHOU Hongmei 2022, 38(8): 773-778.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2022.08.015 Abstract ( 168 )   PDF (2129KB) ( 175 )   Objective: To explore the potential targets and molecular mechanisms of prednisone for oral lichen planus (OLP) by applying network pharmacology and molecular docking technology. Methods: (1) The potential targets of prednisone were predicted in multiple databases. (2) OLP-related targets were screened. (3) The PPI network was constructed for the intersection targets of drugs and diseases. (4) GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were performed for the top 20 targets in the PPI network. (5) Molecular docking was performed. Results: (1) A total of 189 potential targets of prednisone were obtained from various databases. (2) 552 OLP-related disease targets were found. (3) The top 20 key targets were screened from the PPI network. (4) GO and KEGG analysis of the 20 key targets indicated that prednisone may play a therapeutic role by regulating the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, estrogen signaling pathway, hepatitis C pathway, et al. (5) Molecular docking showed that FN1, UBC, and EGFR had good binding potential with prednisone. Conclusion: The predicted potential key targets and molecular mechanisms of prednisone in treating OLP are of great significance for the development of new targeted drugs and clinical applications. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of Related Factors Affecting the Thickness of Mesiobuccal Root Canal Wall of Mandibular First Molars Using CBCT SHAN Shan, ZHANG Wenxin, GE Jiuyu, LIU Shu, WANG Tiemei 2022, 38(8): 779-783.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2022.08.016 Abstract ( 194 )   PDF (1091KB) ( 299 )   Objective: To find the symmetry and the association of thicknesses of mesiobuccal root canal wall of mandibular first molars with age, gender, and distance from furcation using CBCT. Methods: The wall thicknesses of the mesiobuccal canal of mandibular first molars from different furcation levels were measured and analyzed in 200 patients. Results: There were no significant differences in the mesiobuccal canal wall thicknesses between bilateral mandibular first molars (P>0.05). The wall thicknesses increased with age, and only the distal wall had statistical differences (P<0.05). The buccal and mesial wall thicknesses between male and female had no statistical differences (P>0.05), and the walls were thinner with the distance from the furcation. However, the thinnest distal wall located 3 mm below the furcation with significant differences between (0.77±0.10) mm in men and (0.76±0.07) mm in women. Conclusion: The thicknesses of the mesiobuccal root canal wall for bilateral mandibular first molars were symmetrical. The age-related and gender differences were more obvious in distal danger zone. The wall was the thinnest in the distal direction at 3mm below the furcation. This suggests that for young female patients, excessive distal dentin removing should be avoided to prevent perforation References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Anatomical Presentation of Maxillary First Molar Site in Cone-beam CT WANG Xiaodong, MENG Lingjiao, ZHAO Bing, CHEN Zhifang 2022, 38(8): 784-788.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2022.08.017 Abstract ( 208 )   PDF (950KB) ( 229 )   Objective: To analyze the bone anatomy of maxillary first molar (M1) by CBCT. Methods: The current retrospective study included 548 maxillary sinus CBCT images. Parameters such as maxillary sinus lateral wall thickness (LWT) and maxillary sinus width (SW) at 5 mm (LWT-5, SW-5) and 10 mm (LWT-10, SW-10) height levels from the sinus floor, angle A, palatal–nasal recess angle (PNR), and distance from the palatal-nasal recess to the alveolar crest (DPA) were subjected to statistical analysis. Results: Mean LWT-5 and LWT-10 were (1.99±1.07) mm and (2.32±1.60) mm. Mean SW-5 and SW-10 were (14.56±2.83) mm and (19.81±3.91) mm. In angle A, the group of less than 30° was 0.18％, 30°-60° was 13.14％, and greater than 60° was 86.68％. In PNR, the group of less than 90° was 9.85%, and greater than or equal to 90° was 90.15%. At M1 sites, 5.66% of the recesses were less than 90° and within 15 mm from the alveolar crest. The LWT-5, SW-5, and SW-10 in the male group were significantly greater than those in the female group (P＜0.05). There was statistically significant difference on the LWT-5, SW-5, and DPA with respect to presence or absence of tooth (P＜0.05). There was a significant association between SW-5 and age (P＜0.05). There was statistically significant difference on the LWT-5, LWT-10, and SW-10 with respect to presence or absence of the alveolar antral artery canal (P＜0.001). Conclusion: The LWT, SW, angle A, PNR, and DPA might present a challenge for performing sinus augmentation. These anatomic structures should be carefully evaluated. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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C Shaped Root Canal of Right Maxillary Second Molars:A Case Report CHEN Xia, LIANG Yan 2022, 38(8): 789-791.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2022.08.018 Abstract ( 229 )   PDF (1988KB) ( 283 )   The anatomical structure of maxillary second molars is complex, and the number of root canals varies greatly. Three root canals are common. In recent years, C shape root canal of maxillary first molars have been reported gradually. However, buccal fusion C shape root canals of maxillary second molars are rare. Here, we report a case of buccal C shape root canal accompanied by 1-3-1 type root canal in the right maxillary second molars. It provides a new diagnosis and idea for the treatment of abnormal root canal of maxillary second molars. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Two-year Follow-up of A Patient with Multiple Taurodontism: A Case Report WU Qianqian, MIAO Yanyu, ZHENG Zhiguo 2022, 38(8): 792-793.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2022.08.019 Abstract ( 300 )   PDF (1310KB) ( 211 )   This paper reports a rare case that a patient's all eight molars were taurodontism. One of the molars was observed for 2 years after microscopic root canal treatment, and the prognosis was good. The treatment of such teeth in different departments are challenging. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Minimally Invasive Surgery for Left Mandibular Impacted Wisdom Tooth with Apical Cementoblastoma: A Case Report ZHENG Linwei, ZHAO Jihong 2022, 38(8): 794-796.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2022.08.020 Abstract ( 266 )   PDF (1889KB) ( 199 )   Impacted teeth accompanying cementoblastoma is rare in the clinic. This case report demonstrated a left impacted mandibular third tooth with a cementoblastoma located at its root tip. The tooth and the cementoblastoma were removed minimally invasively, by means of multiple segmentation of the tooth and space augmentation of the lesion with piezosurgery. Post-operative follow-up showed recovery well. References | Related Articles | Metrics