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Application of Multi-task Collaborative Intervention in Older Adults with Oral Frailty LIU Ge, LIU Chang 2025, 41(9): 737-742.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2025.09.001 Abstract ( 133 )   PDF (841KB) ( 140 )   Oral frailty is an emerging health issue that has attracted widespread attention, but most studies in China have focused on conceptualization, development of screening tools, and epidemiological characterization, while systematic research on its pathological mechanisms and intervention strategies is still insufficient. Although a single oral function training, exercise, or nutritional intervention can partially improve oral frailty in older adults, recent evidence suggests that a collaborative intervention strategy based on multi-systemic interactions has more significant clinical advantages. In this paper, we systematically analyze the pathophysiological basis of oral frailty, elucidate the mechanism of multidimensional synergistic interventions (combined oral-exercise-nutritional interventions), and comparatively analyze the clinical effects of different intervention modes, with the aim of providing evidence-based evidence for the construction of a comprehensive management program of oral health in older adults. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Micro-CT in Animal Model of Site Preservation after Tooth Extraction YANG Zhikang, JIANG Yuxi 2025, 41(9): 743-749.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2025.09.002 Abstract ( 69 )   PDF (889KB) ( 33 )   Maintaining and regenerating alveolar bone height and width after tooth extraction directly affect the effect of implant restoration. Micro computed tomography (Micro-CT) technology, with its high resolution, three-dimensional imaging, and quantitative analysis, is a key tool for evaluating site preservation. However, due to the variety in animal models, programs, image acquisition methods, and analysis methods, it is hard to compare the effectiveness of different surgeries or bone regeneration materials. This leads to challenges in making optimal decisions from current research findings. This article reviews the placement and fixation of samples, selection of device parameters, region of interest delineation, significance and selection quantitative indicators in post-extraction site of preservation animal models, based on the composition and working principles of the Micro-CT imaging system and the selection of animal models. It also summarizes the direction of future technological developments and challenges, aiming to promote the standardization of Micro-CT technology in alveolar bone preservation research and improve the accuracy, repeatability, and comparability of data analysis. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances in Use of Deep-frozen Allogeneic Bone in Repair of Oral and Maxillofacial Bone Defects TANG Qingwei, YANG Fan 2025, 41(9): 750-754.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2025.09.003 Abstract ( 85 )   PDF (827KB) ( 58 )   Autologous bone is the 'gold standard' for the repair of oral and maxillofacial bone defects. However, autogenous bone grafting requires the creation of a second surgical area and has limited bone volume. Allograft bone is considered to be a good alternative to autogenous bone because of its good osteoconductivity and osteogenesis. Deep frozen allogeneic bone is a bone substitute material that stored at -80 ℃ for a long period of time after deep cryogenic freezing and irradiation, which has similar osteogenic effect and mechanical properties as autogenous bone, and has been widely used in the fields of surgery and oral and maxillofacial surgery in recent years. This paper summarizes the research progress and clinical application of deep-frozen allograft in the field of oral and maxillofacial bone repair in the past decade, covering the preparation technology of deep-frozen allograft, the progress of basic research, and the clinical application of deep-frozen bone in the repair of oral and maxillofacial bone defects and its cinical application effect. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Imaging Study on Root Canal Morphology of Mandibular Premolars in Xinjiang Region Population Maliyamuguli·PATAER, Aerman·ABULIZI, YU Tiantian, Sakendeke·JUMATAI, ZHAO Jin 2025, 41(9): 755-760.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2025.09.004 Abstract ( 86 )   PDF (3248KB) ( 42 )   Objective: To investigate the number of roots, root canal distribution, and root canal morphology of mandibular premolars in Xinjiang Region Population using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: CBCT images of patients who went to the Stomatological Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from January 2021 to August 2024 for treatment purposes were evaluated. Patients meeting the inclusion criteria were selected. Based on Vertucci's root canal classification, the images were initially analyzed and then grouped by age, gender, and bilateral tooth position to assess their effects on root canal morphology. Results: A total of 2,247 patients [1,386 females (61.68%) and 861 males (38.32%)] were included. Among the mandibular first premolars and second premolars in this population, single-root prevalence was 97.42% and 99.67%, respectively, while the incidence of dual roots was 2.34% and 0.20%. C-shaped roots were observed in 0.22% and 0.11% of cases, respectively. The mandibular first premolar exhibited a higher prevalence of dual roots than the second premolar (χ2=81.881, P<0.001), with no significant differences in bilateral dual-root occurrences. The root canal configuration was predominantly Type Ⅰ, occurring in 90.48% of first premolars and 98.53% of second premolars. Multi-rooted canals were most commonly Type Ⅴ in both premolars, with prevalence rates of 5.41% (first premolar) and 0.62% (second premolar). The multi-rooted canal rate was significantly higher in first premolars than in second premolars (χ2=280.700, P<0.001). No statistically significant differences in root canal configurations were observed across age groups. The second premolar showed higher symmetry than the first premolar (χ2=53.822, P<0.001). Gender-based comparisons revealed significant differences in multi-rooted canal rates for first premolars (χ2=8.613, P<0.05) but not for second premolars (χ2=0.336, P=0.562). Conclusion: In Xinjiang region population, mandibular premolars exhibited varying degrees of multi-rooted canals, with the first premolar demonstrating more complex root canal morphology compared to the second premolar. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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In vitro Bactericidal Effect of Ozonated Water on Major Oral Cariogenic Bacteria WANG Shengyuan, JIANG Rui, SHI Huasu, LIU Yuefang, LUO Jialu, XU Yan 2025, 41(9): 761-766.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2025.09.005 Abstract ( 86 )   PDF (1018KB) ( 58 )   Objective: To investigate the antibacterial effects of ozonated water at varying concentrations and exposure durations against major cariogenic pathogens. Methods: The optimal antibacterial concentration of ozonated water against Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), Lactobacillus, and Actinomyces viscosus (A. viscosus) was determined. The same concentration was then applied for different durations to identify the optimal exposure time. Changes in pH and biofilm formation capacity were measured as outcome indicators to evaluate the inhibitory effects of ozonated water on bacterial proliferation. Saliva collected from healthy adults was used to simulate the oral environment and assess its influence on the antibacterial efficacy of ozonated water. Results: The optimal antibacterial concentration for all three cariogenic strains was 3.2 ppm. The most effective exposure durations were 60 seconds for S. mutans, 120 seconds for Lactobacillus, and 60 seconds for A. viscosus. Ozonated water reduced acid production by 15.1% and inhibited biofilm formation in all tested strains. However, when mixed with saliva, its antibacterial efficacy decreased to 65.2%. Conclusion: Ozonated water exhibits potent antibacterial effects at safe concentrations, demonstrating promising potential as a novel strategy for caries prevention and treatment. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Metagenomic Study on Microbial Communities in Deep Caries of Permanent Teeth LU Guanfan, YANG Jiazhen, SANG Zhiqin, YANG Yu'e, SUN Degang, TENG Fei 2025, 41(9): 767-772.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2025.09.006 Abstract ( 59 )   PDF (2210KB) ( 40 )   Objective: To investigate the spacial distribution characteristics of microbial communities in the enamel and deep dentin layer of deep carious lesions in permanent molars based on 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing, and to analyze the correlation between microbial community variations and the deep caries. Methods: Sixteen adult patients with deep carious lesions in permanent molars were enrolled. Samples were collected from three distinct sites: the enamel layer of the deep carious lesions (EL, n=16), the deep dentin layer (DL, n=16), and the plaque from sound enamel surfaces of contralateral caries-free homologous teeth as healthy layer controls (HL, n=16), yielding a total of 48 samples. Following DNA extraction and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing was performed. Then comparative analyses of microbial diversity, community structure, microbial composition, and predicted functional pathways among three groups were conducted. Results: Compared to the HL group, microbial diversity was significantly lower in both EL and DL groups, with the DL group showing the most pronounced reduction (P<0.05). Significant differences in microbial community structure were observed among three groups, with DL the highest degree of similarity and conservation (P<0.05). The analysis identified several health-associated bacteria that were highly expressed in the HL group (P<0.05), along with putative cariogenic bacteria that were specifically enriched in either the EL or DL groups (P<0.05). The EL group showed significant enrichment in genes related to sugar biosynthesis and metabolism (P<0.05), while the DL group exhibited enrichment in genes associated with carbohydrate metabolism and lipid metabolism (P<0.05) when compared to the HL group. Conclusion: These findings highlight the tissue-dependent stratification patterns of microbial communities in deep caries, suggesting that future research on caries pathogenesis should focus on the specific microenvironment of specific dental tissues within individual teeth. The study provides novel insights into the microbial etiology of dental caries. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Photocatalytic/photothermal Antimicrobial Treatment of g-C3N4-based Composites in Periodontitis GU Wanrong, RAN Bei, ZHAO Yiwen, LIAO Jinfeng 2025, 41(9): 773-780.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2025.09.007 Abstract ( 46 )   PDF (10180KB) ( 23 )   Objective: To investigate the photothermal/photocatalytic synergistic antimicrobial effect of monatomic Cu-doped graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) combined with bismuth sulfide (Bi2S3) composites against porphyromonas gingivalis (P.g) in periodontitis. Methods: g-C3N4 (abbreviated as CN) nanosheets and Bi2S3 (abbreviated as BiS) were synthesized by hydrothermal method, CN was grafted to Cu2+ to obtain CuCN and the composite material CuCN@BiS was synthesized based on electrostatic adsorption method. Nanomaterials was characterized in terms of morphology, potential, and crystal structure. Composites were tested for reactive oxygen species production in vitro using 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) fluorescence. The 808 nm near infrared (NIR) light exciter were used to evaluate the photothermal properties of CuCN@BiS. The antimicrobial efficiency of the composite CuCN@BiS against P.g by colony counting and the removal of biofilm were assessed by crystal violet staining. The biocompatibility of CuCN@BiS was observed using the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) experiment. Results: The composite CuCN@BiS was successfully constructed and had good photothermal properties under NIR light irradiation. The antimicrobial effect on P.g and the scavenging effect on biofilm of CuCN@BiS were concentration-dependent. When the concentration was 0.5 mg/mL, CuCN@BiS demonstrated excellent antimicrobial (98.36%) and anti-biofilm efficiency (92.84%). Meanwhile, under NIR irradiation, the amount of ROS entering the bacteria was positively correlated with the concentration of CuCN@BiS. The relative activity of the cells in 0.5 mg/mL of CuCN@BiS was above 85%, which demonstrated good biocompatibility. Conclusion: Application of CuCN@BiS for photocatalytic/photothermal antimicrobial treatment could effectively destroy P.g and its biofilm, providing references for the treatment of periodontitis. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Thymol Inhibits LPS-induced Inflammation in Rat Gingival Fibroblasts by Regulating Inflammatory Pathways GUO Jia, GAO Mengjie, NIU Hui, LIU Danfeng, CHEN Xi 2025, 41(9): 781-787.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2025.09.008 Abstract ( 71 )   PDF (3869KB) ( 28 )   Objective: To investigate the effect of thymol on Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. g) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response in rat gingival fibroblasts. Methods: The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of thymol against P. g were determined by microdilution method. Biofilm adhesion reduction-crystal violet assay was used to determine the anti-biofilm activity of thymol against P. g. Bacteria were detected by scanning electron microscopy and confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM). Rat gingival fibroblasts were used to establish periodontitis models in vitro: control group, LPS + different concentrations of thymol (0, 10, 20, and 40 μg/mL) groups. ELISA was used to measure the expression of related proteins in the supernatant, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), osteoclastogenesis inhibitory factor (OPG) and soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (sRANKL), and OPG/sRANKL ratio was calculated. Western blot was used to detect the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 and IκBα in the nuclear protein of gingival fibroblasts. Results: Thymol attenuated P. g toxicity and biofilm formation. Thymol had no adverse effect on LPS-induced growth of rat gingival fibroblasts. Compared with LPS group, the expression levels of inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in the cell supernatant were significantly decreased after Thymol stimulation, while the expression level of anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 was significantly increased. The ratio of OPG/sRANKL was increased. LPS-induced phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 and IκBα was significantly decreased(P＜0.001). Conclusion: Thymol inhibits P. g toxicity and biofilm formation, and inhibits LPS-induced inflammation in GFS by regulating the expression of related inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, OPG/sRANKL) and inflammatory pathways (NF-κB p65, IκBα). References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Diversity of Gingival Crevicular Fluid Flora in Patients with Chronic Periodontitis and Its Correlation with Inflammatory Factors LI Yao, LIU Shuai, LIU Zhifang 2025, 41(9): 788-794.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2025.09.009 Abstract ( 76 )   PDF (1811KB) ( 36 )   Objective: To explore the diversity of gingival crevicular fluid flora in patients with chronic periodontitis and its correlation with inflammatory factors. Methods: Forty patients with chronic periodontitis admitted to our hospital from January 2024 to October 2024 were divided into mild group (stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ) and severe group (stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ) according to the disease stages, with 20 patients in each group, and 20 healthy subjects were selected as healthy control group. 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing technique was used to analyze the flora diversity of gingival crevicular fluid and saliva, and the level of serum inflammatory factors was determined to analyze the correlation between them and the flora diversity. Results: There were 1450 OTUs in mild and severe gingival crevicular fluid samples, with 379 and 381 unique OTUs, respectively. There are 1403 OTUs in saliva samples, of which 365 and 379 were unique. There was a significant difference in the relative abundance of multiple flora in gingival crevicular fluid and saliva samples between mild and severe groups (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in Chao1 index and Shannon index between the two groups (P>0.05). The analysis of the main components of the flora showed that the difference in the Bray-Curtis distance between the mild group and the severe group was statistically significant (P<0.05). The relative abundance of concealed Eubacterium and Corynebacterium in gingival crevicular fluid and saliva samples of patients with chronic periodontitis was positively correlated with IL-6 and IL-1, respectively (P<0.05), and the correlation coefficient of gingival crevicular fluid samples was higher than that of saliva. Conclusion: The severity of chronic periodontitis is related to the change of community structure, but not to the change of species richness and evenness. Moreover, the relative abundance of Bacteroides occulta and Corynebacterium martensii in gingival crevicular fluid of patients with chronic periodontitis is closely related to the level of serum inflammatory factors. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Feasibility Study on 3D Printed Resin Space Maintainers Incorporating Integrated Restoration-maintenance Design for Premature Loss of Primary Teeth in Children XIE Fei, LI Sicheng, HUO Fangyi, JIANG Kai, HAN Jing, MIN Yi 2025, 41(9): 795-799.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2025.09.010 Abstract ( 63 )   PDF (2371KB) ( 128 )   Objective: To investigate the clinical feasibility and preliminary outcomes of fabricating resin space maintainers (including integrated restoration-maintenance designs) using a chairside digital workflow and 3D printing technology for managing premature loss of primary teeth in children. Methods: Twelve children aged 6-8 years with premature loss of a single primary molar were enrolled. Space maintainers were fabricated via a chairside digital workflow (intraoral scan, CAD design, 3D print, post-process), enabling same-day try-in, adjustment, and cementation. Chairside operating time, patient comfort, appliance fit, and parental satisfaction were recorded. A 6-month follow-up assessed appliance retention, integrity, and space maintenance effectiveness. Results: Twelve resin space maintainers (8 simple, 4 integrated type) were successfully delivered on the same day. The average chairside time (scan to cementation) was approximately (53.6±3.9) min. High levels of patient comfort, and 100% parental satisfaction were reported. At the 6-month follow-up, the overall success rate of 6 months was 91.7% (11/12). Space was effectively maintained, and outcomes for integrated restorations were satisfactory. Conclusion: The chairside digital workflow utilizing 3D printing for resin space maintainers offers an efficient, precise, comfortable, and aesthetic approach for managing premature primary tooth loss in children, demonstrating high clinical feasibility. The integrated restoration-maintenance design effectively addresses cases involving defective abutment teeth, simplifies treatment procedures, and holds significant promise for clinical application. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Microbial Diversity of Oral Plaque in Patients with Different Levels of Low-grade Childhood Caries in Kashgar Region CHEN Yilei, CHENG Mengke, YAN Hongjuan, SHEN Yufeng, WU Nan, CHEN Min 2025, 41(9): 800-805.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2025.09.011 Abstract ( 68 )   PDF (3075KB) ( 61 )   Objective: To investigate the compositional characteristics of oral microflora in patients with mild to moderate or severe low-grade childhood caries in Kashgar region by high-throughput sequencing based on 16S rRNA gene. Methods: A total of 24 patients with low-grade childhood caries in Kashgar area were selected and grouped according to the DMFT index: mild low-grade childhood caries (1≤DMFT≤2, group D); moderate low-grade childhood caries (3≤DMFT≤4, group M); and severe low-grade childhood caries (DMFT≥5, group H), with 8 patients in each group. The corresponding dental plaque samples were collected, and high-throughput sequencing methods were used to compare the characteristics and differences in oral flora composition among the three groups. Results: The diversity of oral microorganisms in the samples from the mild to moderate or severe group did not show significant differences, and the microbial community structure was relatively stable. At the phylum level, the plaque richness was significantly increased mainly in the phylum Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, Proteobacteria, etc., and the differences were not statistically significant, although there were changes in the relative abundance ratio. Higher plaque abundance at the genus level mainly included Streptococcus, Capnocytophaga, Leptotrichia, Veillonella, Neisseria, Prevotella, Porphyromonas, Gemella, Fusobacterium, Aggregatibacter, etc. Among them, the percentage of Streptococcus gradually decreased with increasing severity, and there was a statistically significant difference in the percentage between mild and moderately severe (P<0.05). The percentage of Neisseria decreased and the percentage of Prevotella increased in patients with severe early childhood caries compared with mild-moderate, and both were statistically different (P<0.05). Streptococcus and Neisseria in mild group, Capnocytophaga in moderate group, and Campylobacter and Anaerocolumna in severe group in the LefSe analysis were the significant Biomarker. Conclusion: The overall structure of oral plaque microflora is relatively stable in patients with mild to moderate or severe early childhood caries, and the increased abundance of some of them was related to the severity of early childhood caries. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparative Analysis of Sagittal Maxillary Positioning Reference in Orthognathic Surgical Design of Skeletal Class Ⅲ Malocclusion LI Jingyi, WAN Shujun, LV Xin, ZHANG Qian, WANG Yuxin 2025, 41(9): 806-813.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2025.09.012 Abstract ( 62 )   PDF (4800KB) ( 61 )   Objective: To compare the correlation between sagittal position reference of the maxilla and midfacial soft tissues in surgical design for skeletal Class Ⅲ malocclusion patients. Methods: Eighty-two patients of skeletal Class Ⅲ malocclusion were included in this study. They were treated at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Trauma Orthognathic Plastic Surgery, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Research Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University from March 2022 to December 2024. The spiral computed tomography (SCT) were taken before and 6 months after surgery. The Mimics and ProPlan CMF were applied to perform three-dimensional reconstruction. Twenty-eight parameters of craniofacial bones and soft tissues, including horizontal/sagittal linear distances, angular measurements, and nasal-related indices were measured. The statistical analysis was performed between twenty-eight facial parameters and Sella-Nasion-A point angle (SNA), A-point-Nasion vert distance (A-N) and Goal Anterior Limit Line (GALL) by the GraphPad Prism. Results: In two SNA groups (SNA< 80° and SNA≥80° ), there were statistical differences in four indexes (superior nasolabial angle, bilateral ∠1, and left ∠3) (P<0.05). There were statistical differences in nine indexes (tip height, superior nasolabial angle, left cheek convexity, subnasal depth, bilateral nasal alar depth, right ∠1, bilateral ∠2) in two A-N groups (A-N<0 and A-N≥0) (P<0.05). The three indexes (bilateral cheek convexity, right ∠1) had statistical differences in two GALL groups (upper incisor point to GALL <-2 and upper incisor point to GALL ≥-2) (P<0.05). Compared with the SNA angle (10 parameters) and GALL (9 parameters), the amount and intensity of correlation between A-N and the midfacial soft tissue parameters were best (P <0.05). Furthermore, the nineteen postoperative patients which the A-N was in the normal range (0±2) mm were included and divided into two groups according SNA (80°≤SNA≤85°, n=11; SNA>85° or <80°, n=8). The results showed that there was no significant statistical difference in the midface soft tissue measurement between the two groups. Conclusion: Compared with SNA and GALL, the A-N had higher correlation with most midface soft tissue parameters, and could more sensitively reflect the profile changes of midface soft tissue. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Intraosseous Schwannoma of Hard Palate and CBCT Features Analysis: 2 Cases Report HOU Ruilai, HU Hongying, ZHOU Jinbo, YOU Meng 2025, 41(9): 814-816.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2025.09.013 Abstract ( 68 )   PDF (4018KB) ( 37 )   Intraosseous schwannomas in the hard palate is extremely rare. We report 2 rare cases of intraosseous schwannomas of hard palate and analyze the clinical and CBCT features for further understanding of intraosseous schwannomas of hard palate. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Partially Demineralized Autologous Dentin Matrix Combined with PRF in Lateral Window Sinus Floor Elevation: A Case Report HAN Tianshi, DU Jianwei, ZHONG Weijian 2025, 41(9): 817-820.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2025.09.014 Abstract ( 89 )   PDF (5726KB) ( 41 )   Partially demineralized autologous dentin matrix (PDADM) combined with platelet rich fibrin (PRF) were used in lateral window sinus floor elevation and simultaneous implant placement. Follow-up observation at 6, 12, and 21 months after surgery revealed the stable implant osseointegration and significant bone volumn maintenance. New bone formation around dentin particles was found by biopsy investigation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Thirteen Impacted Supernumerary Teeth in Nonsyndromic Patient: A Case Report HOU Yujiao 2025, 41(9): 821-823.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2025.09.015 Abstract ( 66 )   PDF (3591KB) ( 49 )   The prevalence of nonsyndromic multiple supernumerary teeth is less than 1% of all hyperdontia cases, which had a rather small prevalence. Cases with 13 impacted nonsyndromic supernumerary teeth are extremely rare. This report presents such a case of nonsyndromic multiple impacted supernumerary teeth. The patient with 13 supernumerary teeth combined with impaction had no systemic complaints and no signs or symptoms. Oral examination showed no abnormalities. CBCT showed 12 impacted supernumerary teeth located on the left and right sides of the maxilla and mandible. All supernumerary teeth were extracted carefully. No complications were seen after the extraction and 2 years after treatment. An early and accurate diagnosis is extremely important for the treatment decision and success, thus avoiding future complications often related to supernumerary teeth. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Aesthetic Crown Lengthening for Gummy Smile: A Case Report ZHOU Chunxiang, CAO Zhengguo, ZHANG Huihui 2025, 41(9): 824-828.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2025.09.016 Abstract ( 68 )   PDF (5328KB) ( 123 )   This article reports a case of altered passive eruption (APE) characterized by short clinical crowns, aberrant gingival margin positions, and noticeable excessive gingival display (gummy smile). A crown lengthening procedure was performed to reestablish the biological width and improve the crown-to-gingiva aesthetic proportions. A 6-month follow-up confirmed a clinically satisfactory and aesthetically pleasing outcome. References | Related Articles | Metrics