Conception, Classification, and Clinicopathologic Features of Oral Lichenoid Lesions

doi:10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2021.12.001

Abstract

Abstract: Oral lichenoid lesions (OLLs) are a group of oral lesions that have clinical and histopathological features similar to oral lichen planus (OLP), or indicate an uncertain diagnosis of OLP. These disorders share similarities in clinical and histopathological manifestations, but contain obvious disparities in various aspects such as epidemiology, pathogenesis, response to therapies, risk of malignant transformation and prognosis. Understanding and distinguishing these clinical entities, therefore, is pivotal for the precise management. In this review, the conception, classification and clinicopathologic features of various OLLs are introduced.

Key words: oral lichenoid lesions, oral lichen planus, classification, clinicopathologic features

LU Rui, ZHOU Gang. Conception, Classification, and Clinicopathologic Features of Oral Lichenoid Lesions[J]. Journal of Oral Science Research, 2021, 37(12): 1063-1068.

References

[1] Carrozzo M, Porter S, Mercadante V, et al. Oral lichen planus: A disease or a spectrum of tissue reactions? Types, causes, diagnostic algorhythms, prognosis, management strategies [J]. Periodontol 2000, 2019, 80(1):105-125.
[2] Cheng YS, Gould A, Kurago Z, et al. Diagnosis of oral lichen planus: a position paper of the American Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology [J]. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol, 2016, 122(3):332-354.
[3] Lu R, Zhou G. Oral lichenoid lesions: is it a single disease or a group of diseases?[J]. Oral Oncol, 2021, 117:105188.
[4] van der Meij EH, van der Waal I. Lack of clinicopathologic correlation in the diagnosis of oral lichen planus based on the presently available diagnostic criteria and suggestions for modifications [J]. J Oral Pathol Med, 2003, 32(9):507-512.
[5] Feldmeyer L, Suter VG, Oeschger C, et al. Oral lichen planus and oral lichenoid lesions-an analysis of clinical and histopathological features [J]. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol, 2020, 34(2):e104-e107.
[6] Aguirre-Urizar JM, Alberdi-Navarro J, Lafuente-Ibáñez de Mendoza I, et al. Clinicopathological and prognostic characterization of oral lichenoid disease and its main subtypes: A series of 384 cases [J]. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal, 2020, 25(4):e554-e562.
[7] González-Moles MÁ, Ruiz-Ávila I, González-Ruiz L, et al. Malignant transformation risk of oral lichen planus: A systematic review and comprehensive meta-analysis [J]. Oral Oncol, 2019, 96:121-130.
[8] Giuliani M, Troiano G, Cordaro M, et al. Rate of malignant transformation of oral lichen planus: A systematic review [J]. Oral Dis, 2019, 25(3):693-709.
[9] Al-Hashimi I, Schifter M, Lockhart PB, et al. Oral lichen planus and oral lichenoid lesions: diagnostic and therapeutic considerations [J]. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod, 2007, 103 Suppl:S25.e1-12.
[10] McParland H, Warnakulasuriya S. Oral lichenoid contact lesions to mercury and dental amalgam-a review [J]. J Biomed Biotechnol, 2012, 2012:589569.
[11] Reichart PA, Warnakulasuriya S. Oral lichenoid contact lesions induced by areca nut and betel quid chewing: a mini review [J]. J Investig Clin Dent, 2012, 3(3):163-166.
[12] Teoh L, Moses G, McCullough MJ. A review and guide to drug-associated oral adverse effects-Oral mucosal and lichenoid reactions. Part 2[J]. J Oral Pathol Med, 2019, 48(7):637-646.
[13] Fortuna G, Aria M, Schiavo JH. Drug-induced oral lichenoid reactions: a real clinical entity? A systematic review [J]. Eur J Clin Pharmacol, 2017, 73(12):1523-1537.
[14] Sibaud V, Eid C, Belum VR, et al. Oral lichenoid reactions associated with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapies: clinicopathological findings [J]. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol, 2017, 31(10):e464-e469.
[15] Müller S. Oral lichenoid lesions: distinguishing the benign from the deadly [J]. Mod Pathol, 2017, 30(s1):S54-S67.
[16] Margaix-Muñoz M, Bagán JV, Jiménez Y, et al. Graft-versus-host disease affecting oral cavity. A review [J]. J Clin Exp Dent, 2015, 7(1):e138-e145.
[17] Elad S, Aljitawi O, Zadik Y. Oral graft-versus-host disease: a pictorial review and a guide for dental practitioners [J]. Int Dent J, 2021, 71(1):9-20.
[18] Warnakulasuriya S, Kujan O, Aguirre-Urizar JM, et al. Oral potentially malignant disorders: A consensus report from an international seminar on nomenclature and classification, convened by the WHO Collaborating Centre for Oral Cancer [J]. Oral Dis, 2021, 27(8):1862-1880.
[19] Amber KT. Paraneoplastic autoimmune multi-organ syndrome is a distinct entity from traditional pemphigus subtypes [J]. Nat Rev Dis Primers, 2018, 4:18012.
[20] Amber KT, Valdebran M, Grando SA. Paraneoplastic autoimmune multiorgan syndrome (PAMS): Beyond the single phenotype of paraneoplastic pemphigus [J]. Autoimmun Rev, 2018, 17(10):1002-1010.
[21] Okahashi K, Oiso N, Ishii N, et al. Paraneoplastic pemphigus presenting lichen planus-like lesions [J]. J Dermatol, 2019, 46(4):e140-e142.
[22] Motegi S, Uchiyama A, Yamada K, et al. Lichen planus complicated with thymoma: Report of three Japanese cases and review of the published work [J]. J Dermatol, 2015, 42(11):1072-1077.
[23] Jarrett P, Werth VP. A review of cutaneous lupus erythematosus: improving outcomes with a multidisciplinary approach [J]. J Multidiscip Healthc, 2019, 12:419-428.
[24] Haber JS, Merola JF, Werth VP. Classifying discoid lupus erythematosus: background, gaps, and difficulties [J]. Int J Womens Dermatol, 2017, 3(1 Suppl):S62-S66.
[25] Smirnov B, Bowles AA, Strasswimmer JM, et al. Lupus erythematosus lichen planus overlap syndrome mimicking squamous cell carcinoma [J]. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol, 2019, 12(9):36-38.
[26] Benli M, Batool F, Stutz C, et al. Orofacial manifestations and dental management of systemic lupus erythematosus: A review [J]. Oral Dis, 2021, 27(2):151-167.
[27] Hübner F, Langan EA, Recke A. Lichen planus pemphigoides: from lichenoid inflammation to autoantibody-mediated blistering [J]. Front Immunol, 2019, 10:1389.
[28] Azzi L, Cerati M, Lombardo M, et al. Chronic ulcerative stomatitis: A comprehensive review and proposal for diagnostic criteria [J]. Oral Dis, 2019, 25(6):1465-1491.
[29] Reddy R, Fitzpatrick SG, Bhattacharyya I, et al. Seventeen new cases of chronic ulcerative stomatitis with literature review [J]. Head Neck Pathol, 2019, 13(3):386-396.
[30] Hakeem A, Bhattacharyya I, Aljabri M, et al. Lichenoid reaction with granulomatous stomatitis: A retrospective histologic study of 47 patients [J]. J Oral Pathol Med, 2019, 48(9):846-854.
[31] Flowers H, Brodell R, Brents M, et al. Fixed drug eruptions: presentation, diagnosis, and management [J]. South Med J, 2014, 107(11):724-727.
[32] Bevans SL, Keeley JM, Sami N. Oral lichen sclerosus-a review of clinical presentation, treatment, and clinical outcomes [J]. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol, 2017, 124(4):e243-e248.
[33] Tomo S, Santos IS, de Queiroz SA, et al. Uncommon oral manifestation of lichen sclerosus: critical analysis of cases reported from 1957 to 2016 [J]. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal, 2017, 22(4):e410-e416.
[34] van der Waal I. Oral lichen planus and oral lichenoid lesions; a critical appraisal with emphasis on the diagnostic aspects [J]. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal, 2009, 14(7):E310-E314.
[35] González-Moles MÁ, Ramos-García P, Warnakulasuriya S. An appraisal of highest quality studies reporting malignant transformation of oral lichen planus based on a systematic review [J]. Oral Dis, 2021, 27(8):1908-1918.
[36] Ramos-García P, González-Moles MÁ, Warnakulasuriya S. Oral cancer development in lichen planus and related conditions-3.0 evidence level: A systematic review of systematic reviews [J]. Oral Dis, 2021, 27(8):1919-1935.