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Influence of Various Self-etch Adhesives on Interfacial Integrity Restored with Flowable Resin Composite. CAO Pei-lin, ZHANG Lei, PAN Yi-Sha, LIU Qiang, CHEN Rui-tian, CHEN Zhi. 2017, 33(5): 467-470.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.05.001 Abstract ( 449 )   PDF (1496KB) ( 346 )   Objective: To compare the influence of various self-etch adhesives on interfacial integrity restored with flowable resin composite. Methods: Forty-two extracted intact human third molars were selected and cavities of 2mm*2mm*2mm were prepared on the occlusal surface of the teeth. The prepared teeth were randomly divided into seven groups and treated with different self-etch adhesives: Group A (SE Bond), Group B (Liner Bond F), Group C (SE Protect), Group D (SE Bond 2), Group E (SE One), Group F (S3 Bond), and Group G (Universal Bond Kit). All of the teeth were restored with flowable resin composite and were light-cured for 20s. Acoustic emission (AE) events were recorded when the light-curing started, and last for totally 2000s during and after light-curing time. The interfacial integrity was detected by optical coherence tomography (OCT). Results: The cumulative AE number increased rapidly in the early time period until 150s. The AE number of Group E was the lowest, while the AE number of Group B was the highest. However, there were no significant differences among all groups. The percentage of interfacial debonding in Group E was the lowest. The percentages of interfacial debonding calculated by OCT were not significantly different in all groups. Conclusion: AE technology and OCT were effective methods to detect tooth-composite interfacial integrity. The interfacial integrity showed no significant difference between one-step and two-step self-etch adhesives. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression and Identification of Apidaecin in Pichia Pastoris. SHI Wen, MA Rui, ZHOU Jian-ye, CHEN Li-ya, MA Yuan-yuan, HUANG Hui-min, ZHANG xiao-feng, YI Geng-yun, LI Zhi-qiang. 2017, 33(5): 471-474.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.05.002 Abstract ( 305 )   PDF (1142KB) ( 367 )   Objective: To express biologically active Apidaecin in pichia pastoris (P. pastoris) and detect its antibacterial activity. Methods: The EcoR I restriction sites and GST tag which was connected with DDDDK enterokinase site were inserted to the N-terminus of the Apidaecin gene by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A termination codon and Not I restriction sites were inserted at the C-terminus. The amplified fragments were connected to the expression vector pPICZαA and the recombinant expression vector pPICZαA-GST-Apidaecin was established and the sequence was identified. The pPICZαA-GST-Apidaecin was electrotransfected into P.pastoris X33 and was fermented. The expression products were purified and the molecular weight was appraised by SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis. The antibacterial activity was tested after the GST was excised by EK kinase. Results: SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis showed that the molecular weight of the product was about 28KD which was identical with the theoretical molecular weight. After removal of GST fusion tag by enterokinase, the antibacterial activity of Apidaecin to E.coli BL21 was significant. Conclusion: The antimicrobial peptides of Apidaecin typecan successfully expressed in P. pastoris and had significant antibacterial activity. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation and Cytocompatibility of Adult and Fetal Bovine Beta-TCP Calcined Bone Blocks. ZHOU Jian-ye, MA Rui, SHI Wen, YU Zhan-hai, LI Zhi-qiang, ZHANG Xiao-feng. 2017, 33(5): 475-478.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.05.003 Abstract ( 251 )   PDF (1576KB) ( 278 )   Objective: To prepare a kind of bone graft material with higher purity on β-TCP, better properties and perfect cytocompatibility according to the representation and biocompatibility of adult and fetal bovine's β-TCP calcined bone blocks prepared with NP and MAP. Methods: XRD diffraction analysis, EDX spectrum analysis, electron microscope scanning, Micro-CT scanning, and universal material testing machine were used to compare the properties of two bone blocks. The in vitro cytotoxicity-test and cell-to-material adhesion experiment were used to explore the cytocompatibility. Results: The main ingredients of calcined bone blocks prepared with MAP were similar to pure phase β-TCP, and their Ca/P ratio were close to 1.47. The fetal bovine calcined bone blocks' porosity, compressive strength, and bending strength were higher than those of adult cattle (P<0.05). Two kinds of calcined bone blocks' cytotoxicity were 0 levels, but cell adhesion and proliferation rate on fetal bovine bone blocks were higher than those on adult cattle calcined bone blocks. Conclusion: The fetal bovine calcined bone blocks prepared by MAP have better mechanical properties and cytocompatibility, and they are more suitable to apply for bone defect repair in the non-bearing area. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Metformin on Advanced Glycation End Products in Ovariectomized Rats. WANG Mi, GAO Ying, YAN Wen-ting, ZHOU Gen-xiang, LIU Xia-qing. 2017, 33(5): 479-481.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.05.004 Abstract ( 238 )   PDF (1327KB) ( 245 )   Objective: To investigate the effect of metformin on serum advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Methods: Forty female SD rats underwent bilateral ovariectomy or sham operation, three months later they were randomly assigned into four groups for metformin treatment: Sham rats, OVX rats, OVX+50 mg/kg/day rats, and OVX+100 mg/kg/day rats. Another three months later, all rats were sacrificed to evaluate the histology differences between different groups and to compare the serum AGEs differences by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: Compared with Sham group, bilateral ovariectomy induced impaired bone mass and increased serum AGEs; while metformin treatment significantly reversed these actions, leading to improved bone mass and decreased serum AGEs. However, there was no significant difference between OVX+50 mg/kg/day rats and OVX+100 mg/kg/day rats. Conclusion: Metformin may have a direct inhibition effect on bone loss in postmenopausal osteoporosis, and this action could be partly mediated through regulating AGEs levels in vivo. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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IL-24 Might Inhibit Migration and Invasion Abilities of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells through CXCL12/CXCR4 Signal Axis. JIN Song, TIAN Li-hua, SU Qin, GUO Yan. 2017, 33(5): 482-485.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.05.005 Abstract ( 268 )   PDF (1443KB) ( 244 )   Objective: To investigate the effect of lentivirus-mediated IL-24 gene transfection on migration and invasion of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells and the effect on CXCL12/CXCR4 axis signal. Methods: OSCC cell lines were cultured and divided into combined treatment group, IL-24 transfected group, inhibitor group, and blank control group. After transfected culture for 48h, the levels of IL-24 in the cytosol were detected by using ELISA, and cells migration, invasion abilities, and apoptosis in different groups were detected. The expressions of IL-24, CXCL12, and CXCR4 genes and proteins in cells were detected by using real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot. Results: The levels of IL-24 in the supernatants of combined treatment group and IL-24 transfected group were significantly higher than those of inhibitor group and blank control group (P<0.05). The numbers of cell migration and invasion in the combined treatment group were less than those in the IL-24 transfected group, inhibitor group, and blank control group, and those in the IL-24 transfected group and inhibitor group were less than those in the blank control group (P<0.05). The expression levels of IL-24 mRNA and proteins in the combined treatment group and IL-24 transfected group were higher than those in the inhibitor group and blank control group (P<0.05). The expression levels of CXCL12 and CXCR4 genes and proteins in the combined treatment group and IL-24 transfected group were lower than those in the inhibitor group and blank control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Up-regulation of IL-24 could inhibit cell migration and invasion of OSCC. It 基金项目 辽宁省自然科学基金(编号:2013021094) 作者简介 金松,男(1978~ ),学士,主治医师,主要从事口腔修复与种植的临床治疗工作。 *通讯作者 田立华,电话:13247238496 might relate with the specific inhibiting CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling pathway. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of SMAS Modified PEGDA Hydrogel on Attachment and Proliferation of MC3T3-E1 Cells. QU Fu-zhen, TAN Fei, LIU Jie. 2017, 33(5): 486-490.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.05.006 Abstract ( 251 )   PDF (2615KB) ( 342 )   Objective: To investigate the effect of sodium methylallyl sulfonate (SMAS) modified poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) hydrogel on the attachment and proliferation of osteoblast-like cells (MC3T3-E1). Methods: A series of negative charged hydrogels were fabricated by incorporating charged monomer (SMAS) into PEGDA hydrogel at different concentrations. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the surface morphology of the hydrogels. The protein adsorption of the different hydrogels was evaluated by BCA. To evaluate the cell attachment and proliferation on the hydrogel, the MC3T3-E1 cells were seeded onto the surface of hydrogels. Then, the cell morphology was observed at different time points. Furthermore, the cell proliferation was investigated by cell counting kit (CCK-8). Results: With increasing concentration of SMAS, the protein adsorption of the hydrogel was significantly enhanced (P<0.05). Meanwhile, compared to control group, the cell attachment of HG100 group and HG200 group were improved. The results of CCK8 assay showed that the cell proliferation was promoted on the modified hydrogels. Conclusion: The SMAS modified hydrogel can effectively promote the cell attachment and proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects and Likely Molecular Mechanism of Ginkgo Biloba Extract on Osteogenic Differentiation of Osteoblasts. ZHANG Xiao-xiao, LI Jing, WANG Jun-mei, LI Tong, YANG Mo-yang, WU Zhe. 2017, 33(5): 491-495.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.05.007 Abstract ( 319 )   PDF (1810KB) ( 313 )   Objective: To investigate the effect and possible mechanisms of GBE(ginkgo biloba extract)on the differentiation of osteoblast. Methods: Different concentrations of GBE were applied to the MG63. The osteogenic differentiation capacity was evaluated by Alizarin red and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. RT-PCR was taken to test the expression of COL1A1 (type I collagen), OC (osteocalcin), Runx2, and cyclinD1. Western blot was adopted to inspect the protein level of cyclinD1 and subcellular localization of β-catenin. Results: Incubation of MG63 cell in GBE-supplemented culture medium significantly increased ALP activity, the mRNA expression levels of COL1A1, OC, Runx2, and cyclinD1 as well as the cyclinD1 protein level and β-catenin nuclear accumulation at day 7. The matrix mineralization was also augmented after 14 days incubation of GBE. And the 75mg/L was the most effective concentration. Importantly, the positive effects of GBE above were abolished by DKK1, a blocker of the Wnt/β-catenin receptor. Conclusion: GBE has a significantly positive effect on the osteogenic differentiation of the MG63 and the 75mg/L was the most effective concentration, in which Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway may play an important role. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of TLR4, NOD2 and NLRP3 in Pulpitis. HE Qiong-qiong, YANG Ying, HUANG Sheng-Fu, FAN Ming-wen. 2017, 33(5): 496-499.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.05.008 Abstract ( 245 )   PDF (3112KB) ( 207 )   Objective: To investigate the expression level of TLR4, NOD2 and NLRP3 in inflamed human dental pulp. Methods: Forty-seven human third molars were divided into three groups: healthy group, carious group, and pulpitis group. The expressions of TLR4, NOD2 and NLRP3 in each group were investigated by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining. Results: In healthy group, the expressions of TLR4, NOD2, and NLRP3 were only observed in odontoblastic layer. The expression of TLR4, NOD2, and NLRP3 were higher in the caries and pulpitis groups compared with the healthy group. In inflamed dental pulp, TLR4, NOD2, and NLRP3 were detected in odontoblasts, inflammatory cells, and dental pulp fibroblasts. Conclusion: The expressions of TLR4, NOD2, and NLRP3 were simultaneously increased in pulpitis. TLR4, NOD2, and NLRP3 might associate with the progress of pulpitis. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence of Mandibular Protrusion on Joint Vibration Recorded from Temporomandibular Joint Reducible Disc Displacement WANG Chen, ZHANG Jing-lu, XI Xiao-jin, YU Lin-feng, ZHANG Ping. 2017, 33(5): 500-503.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.05.009 Abstract ( 274 )   PDF (1343KB) ( 208 )   Objective: To assess the impact of mandibular protrusion on joint vibration recorded from the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) reducible disc displacement. Methods: The vibrations of the TMJ were recorded bilaterally from 30 subjects with reducible disc displacement by joint vibration analysis (JVA) in two movement patterns (1.open/close cycle from the intercuspal position; 2. open/close cycle from edge-to-edge position). Mandibular opening and its pattens were recorded and analyzed by Joint-3D technique. Results: The values of total integral and peak amplitude (P<0.01) in movement 2 were lower than that in movement 1. The wave patterns of the power-frequency spectra for all participants were qualitatively similar unimodal spectrum in two types of movement but with lower amplitude in movement 2. There was no significant difference between 2 movement patterns for peak frequency (P=0.705) and the ratio of >300 Hz/<300 Hz (P=0.386). Conclusion: Edge-to-edge open/close movement can reduce the intensity of joint vibration compared to the open/close cycle from the intercuspal position. The electronic recording of vibrations in TMJ can provide a quantitatively analysis and reliable evidence for repositioning splint through mandibular protrusion. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Angiogenic Potentials of Coculture of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells and Dentin Extract-induced Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells. WU Yi-meng, ZHANG Shuang, PAN Shuang, LIU Hui-mei, NIU Yu-mei. 2017, 33(5): 504-508.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.05.010 Abstract ( 389 )   PDF (1506KB) ( 265 )   Objective: To observe the angiogenic potential of coculture of dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) induced by dentin extract (DE) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) during dental pulp regeneration. Methods: hDPSCs were induced by DE for 7 and 14 days. Real-time PCR and Western-blot assay were used to detect the expression of DSPP, DMP-1 and DSP in hDPSCs. Angiogenic assays were divided into five groups: HUVECs, induced hDPSCs and HUVECs cocultured with induced hDPSCs in the ratios of 5:1, 5:5 and 5:10. The tubular length and branching point number were detected after 3,6 and 9 h after the cells were seeded on the matrigel. Results: The expressions of DSPP, DMP-1 and DSP in induced group were up-regulated. Angiogenic assay showed that vessel-like structures formed more than other groups when HUVECs: induced hDPSCs cocultured ratio was at 5:1 at 3h (P＜0.05). While vessel-like structures in 5:5 and 5:10 coculture groups were less than those in HUVECs group at all the time points (P＜0.05). Conclusion: Coculture of hDPSCs induced by DE and HUVECs in a certain proportion can enhance the angiogenic potential of dental pulp tissues. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence of Overjet and Overbite on Morphology of Lower Lip Soft Tissue. YIN Shuo, GAO Huisup>2*, XIAO Dan-na, ZHAO Ming-yang 2017, 33(5): 509-512.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.05.011 Abstract ( 315 )   PDF (985KB) ( 294 )   Objective:To provide the basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment by observing the morphology of lower lip soft tissue at different conditions of overjet and overbite. Methods: The experiment was divided into four groups: control group, overjet and overbite (n=25); experimental group, deep overjet normal overbite (n=25), normal overjet deep overbite (n=25), and deep overjet deep overbite (n=25). Five measurements and analyses of lower lip soft tissue were performed with Invivo5.4 software. Results: Compared with control group, significant difference was found among the three experimental groups except Stmi-Me' of deep overjet normal overbite group. Among multiple comparisons between three experimental groups, there were significant differences between deep overjet normal overbite group and normal overjet deep overbite group on Li-L1, B'Li-FH, and LiB' Pg'; between deep overjet normal overbite group and deep overjet deep overbite group on Li-L1, B'Li-FH, Stmi-Me', and LiB' Pg'. Conclusion: Both overjet and overbite have an influence on morphology of lower lip soft tissue, and overbite influences more. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical Study on Application of Abbe Flap with Vascular Pedicle in Repairing the Secondary Deformity of Bilateral Cleft Lip. HE Hui-jun, FU Yu-chuan, LI Zheng, JIN Hui-xi, KE Jin, QIN Chuang-qi, Mireguli·tuersunjiang, XU Yu-li, LONG Xing, LI Jian 2017, 33(5): 513-515.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.05.012 Abstract ( 257 )   PDF (1032KB) ( 322 )   Objective: To study the methods and clinical effects of Abbe flap with vascular pedicle repairing the secondary defects of the bilateral cleft lip. Methods: Ten patients with the secondary defects of the bilateral cleft lip were selected. They were corrected using Abbe flap with vascular pedicle by the same surgeon. Six indexes of the nasal labial ministry before and after surgery were measured, the nasolabial symmetry was compared, and the clinical effects were assessed. Results: The patients all achieved primary healing after surgery. The length of the philtrum increased 3.93 mm averagely, and the width of the philtrum decreased 3.93 mm averagely after surgery. The width of nose decreased 1.69 mm averagely, and the symmetry rate of the lip got 97.29% postoperatively. The patients all got good recovery after surgery. Conclusion: The Abbe flap with vascular pedicle can significantly improve the nasolabial shape and symmetry to correct the secondary defects of the bilateral cleft lip. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Risk Assessment of Mandibular Third Molar Extraction by CBCT in Different Age Groups WEN Shan-hui, HUANG Lan-zhu, LIN Zi-tong, HAN Chao, WANG Tie-mei. 2017, 33(5): 516-519.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.05.013 Abstract ( 304 )   PDF (924KB) ( 259 )   Objective: To study the influence of age on extraction of mandibular third molars by cone beam computed tomography, and evaluate the risk of early removal of mandibular third molar. Methods: One hundred and fifty mandibular third molars which met the inclusion criteria were selected from patients in our hospital between June to December 2015, including 47 teeth in 16-18 age group, 60 teeth in 19-24 age group, and 43 teeth in 24 age above group. The mandibular height (a), the ratio of the residuary mandibular height (b) to mandibular height (a), and the shortest distance between teeth to mandibular canal were measured. The differences between different age groups were analyzed. Results: There was no significant difference in the mandibular height between three age groups. Among three groups, the ratio of b/a of 24 age above group was the largest, followed by 19-24 age group (P<0.05). In terms of the shortest distance between teeth to mandibular canal, the 19-24 age group and 24 age above group were larger than 16-18 age group, and there was no significant difference between 19-24 age group and 24 age above group. However, there was no significant difference in the rate of intimate contact between the teeth and the mandibular canal in three age groups. Conclusion: Removal of mandibular third molars in the 19-24 age group may be the most appropriate and least risky. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Local Injection of Astragalus Polysaccharides Influences Expression of BMP-2 in Rats during the Retention Stage after Orthodontic Tooth Movement. LIN Peng, GUO Xin-xing, WEI Zhu-liang. 2017, 33(5): 520-524.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.05.014 Abstract ( 275 )   PDF (1507KB) ( 230 )   Objective: To explore the influence of local injection of astragalus polysaccharides on the expression of bone morphogenetic protein 2 in rats during the retention stage after orthodontic tooth movement. Methods: Forty-eight male Wistar rats (8 weeks old) were divided into 8 groups randomly, each group had 8 rats. Eight groups were the blank group (1 group), the control group (CG, 1 group) and the experimental group (EG, 6 groups). The maxillary right first molar mesialization was performed through a 50 g force for 21 days to establish orthodontic tooth movement model. Ten mg/L astragalus polysaccharides (50μL) were locally injected under the distal buccal periosteum of the maxillary right first molar once every three days. The same volume of saline was injected in the CG. These forces were kept for 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28ds and followed by animal sacrifice. The recurrent distances of the first molars were measured. Morphology changes of periodontal tissue were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. The expression of BMP-2 in periodontal tissue was determined by immunohistochemistry staining. Results: The width of periodontal ligament in the EG were kept well. The recurrent distances in each group of the EG were shorter than the CG except the 1d group (statistically significant differences, P＜0.05). During the retention stage, the expression of BMP-2 was decreasing in the distal side of the CG, while the EG increased. Compared with the EG of the same time, the expression of BMP-2 in the EG is notably higher (statistically significant differences, P＜0.05). Conclusion: Local injection of astragalus polysaccharides can increase the expression of BMP-2 in the periodontal tissue of rats during the retention stage after orthodontic tooth movement, so as to promote the References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparative Proteomics Analysis of hPDMSCs before and after Rransfection with LMP-1. SONG Li-jie, YANG Jun-xing, WANG Yao, LU Ya-dong, YANG Nan, JIN Xin, SUN Meng-jie, LIU Zhi-hui, WANG Bo-wei, ZHU Zhen. 2017, 33(5): 525-529.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.05.015 Abstract ( 204 )   PDF (1133KB) ( 220 )   Objective: To explore the protein component changes in human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hPDMSCs) transfected with LIM mineralization protein-1 (LMP-1) gene using proteomics technologies. Methods: The hPDMSCsLMP-1 and hPDMSCsvector were collected to extract total proteins. The two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) of total proteins in cells of two groups was created. The 2-DE map was analyzed and compared using PDQuest software to find out differentially expressed protein spots. These differentially expressed candidate proteins were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). Six protein spots (PCNA, vimentin, annexin A1, annexin A2, eEF2 and peroxiredoxin-1) which were closely related to osteogenesis and had a higher MALDI-TOF-MS-MS 基金项目 吉林省医药产业推进计划(编号:20140311088YY,201603028YY) 长春市重大科技攻关计划(编号:2014054) 吉林省科技攻关计划(编号:20150204004YY) 长春市“双十工程”计划(统带:16SS12) 作者简介 宋立杰(1990~ ),女,河北沧州人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向:口腔颌面部组织工程骨研究。 *通讯作者 刘志辉,E-mail:liuzhihui1975@sina.com 王博蔚,E-mail:wanbowei2009@hotmail.com score were selected and detected by Western blotting. Results: The 2-DE maps of total proteins in cells were successfully established. Twenty-two differentially expressed protein spots with a difference in expression between hPDMSCsLMP-1 and hPDMSCsvector were identified by PDQuest 2-D Analysis Software. Combination of MALDI-TOF-MS and database search identified a total of 15 differentially expressed protein spots. Of all the identified protein spots, 9 proteins were up-regulated and 6 proteins were down-regulated in hPDMSCsLMP-1 as compared with the hPDMSCsvector. Western blot results were fully consistent with proteomics. Conclusion: Fifteen differentially expressed proteins in hPDMSCsLMP-1 were identified. They were potentially important participants in osteogenic differentiation, laid the foundation for further molecular mechanism elucidation of LMP-1 on hPDMSCs cell function and osteogenic differentiation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Age Estimation of Chaoshan Population through Aspartic Acid Racemization in Dentin of First Premolar. CHEN Shi-sheng, YAO Xiao-wu, YU Xiao-jun, Wang Dian. 2017, 33(5): 530-533.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.05.016 Abstract ( 238 )   PDF (1266KB) ( 161 )   Objective: To analyze the relationship between chronological age and the D/L aspartic acid ratio in dentin of the first premolar of Chaoshan population. Methods: Sixty first premolar teeth from living individuals of known age were retrieved. Dentin was extracted from these teeth. The D- and L-aspartic acids in dentins were separated and detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system. Linear regression was performed between the D/L aspartic acid ratio of dentins and chronological age. Dentin from another 3 cases was employed to test the accuracy of the regression equation. Results: Linear regression analysis showed a significant correlation between the first premolar dentin D/L aspartic acid ratio and chronological age (P<0.001), the correlation coefficient (r) was 0.967, SE=2.60 years; the racemization ratio k=6.0 ×10-4/ year. The errors of 3 cases were -0.3 years, +1.6 years and -2.2 years. Conclusion: Aspartic acid racemization in the first premolar dentin can be used as an accurate method to estimate chronological age in the Chaoshan population. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Treatment of Subcondylar Fractures through Intraoral Approach. WEI Bin, SUN Guo-wen. 2017, 33(5): 534-537.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.05.017 Abstract ( 412 )   PDF (1216KB) ( 245 )   Objective: To investigate the safety and efficiency of surgical treatment for subcondylar fractures though intraoral approach. Methods: This is a retrospective study of patients with subcondylar fractures who underwent surgical open reduction and internal fixation through intraoral approach in our department from January 2014 to April 2016. Results: Eight patients with 10 subcondylar fractures were treated, 5 of which were associated with mandibular body fractures. All of them underwent treatment of surgical open reduction and internal fixation by transbucal instrument or angular screwdriver though intraoral approach. All patients healed by first intention, and no patients were observed facial paralysis and salivary fistula. Orthopantomography and 3DCT showed that apposition of fractures were good. After 3 months, no obvious scars were observed on facial incision, and X-ray showed subcondylar fractures anatomical reduction. Conclusion: There is advantageous in an intraoral and transoral or angular screwdriver approach than preauricular, retromandibular or submandibular approaches, such as small incision, satisfactory appearance and quick recovery. Fracture reduction and fixation can be performed by using the endoscope. It is a safe and efficient approach for open reduction and internal fixation of subcondylar fracture. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Promotion of IGF-1 on the Proliferation and Alkaline Phosphatase Activity of Dental Pulp Cells through PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway in Vitro. DU Xiao-ying, DING Wei-wei, CHEN Yue, CHI Dan-dan. 2017, 33(5): 538-541.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.05.018 Abstract ( 423 )   PDF (1934KB) ( 338 )   Objective: To study the effect of IGF-1 on the proliferation and alkaline phosphatase activity of dental pulp cells and its influences on PI3K/AKT signal pathway. Methods: Primary human dental pulp cells were isolated and cultured by enzymatic digestion. IGF-1 protein expression in dental pulp tissue was detected by Western blot. The dental pulp cells were then treated with IGF-1 at different concentrations, and cell proliferation was detected by MTT assay after 7 days. The dental pulp cells were treated with IGF-1 (100ng/mL) and LY294002 (10μmol/L) respectively or simultaneously for 7 days, and cell proliferation was detected by MTT assay after 7 days. ALP activity was detected after culture for 3, 5, 7 and 14 days. The protein expression of AKT and p-AKT was detected after culture for 7days. Results: IGF-1 showed Low expression in pulpitis. IGF-1 could significantly promote the proliferation of dental pulp cells in the concentration range of 20-100 ng/mL since 3rd day(P<0.05)with a dose- and time-dependent effect. LY294002 could inhibit the proliferation of dental pulp cells and alkaline phosphatase activity with time-dependence. IGF-1 could promote the expression of p-AKT protein, while LY294002 could reduce the effect of IGF-1 on the expression of p-AKT protein. Conclusion: IGF-1 can promote the proliferation and alkaline phosphatase activity of dental pulp cells in concentration and time dependence manner, which may be related to the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Primary Application of Serial Digital Guide to Reconstruct Mandibular Defect with Fibular Osteo-myocutaneous Flap. Wang Yu-xin, Wang Zhi-yong, Lu Ming-xin, Han Wei, Lu Xiao-lin. 2017, 33(5): 542-545.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.05.019 Abstract ( 247 )   PDF (1511KB) ( 447 )   Objective: To apply serial digital guide to the reconstruction of mandibular defect with fibular myocutaneous flap, realizing accurate and individual reconstruction of mandibular defect. Methods: Ten cases of mandibular defects were reconstructed with fibular myocutaneous flap, of which 7 were male, 3 were female. Preoperative design was made before serial digital guides were manufactured using 3D printing. Mandible was reconstructed with the help of serial digital guide. Image fusion technology was used to evaluate postoperative outcome. Results: No complication was found after surgery. All guides took position smoothly. Reconstruction titanium plate and condyle were in their position as designed. Ideal occlusion and facial contour were achieved. Postoperative image fusion showed <2 mm deviation between pre- and post- operative positions of residual mandible and condyle. Conclusion: Serial digital guide could be considered during mandible reconstruction, which could locate condyle position, accurately recover occlusion, and reduce operation time. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Torque Control by Tip-Edge Plus and Damon Self-ligating Brackets in Extraction Cases ZHANG Jian-yun, LI Gui-feng, HU Xiao-bei, LEI Lang. 2017, 33(5): 546-549.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.05.020 Abstract ( 312 )   PDF (783KB) ( 337 )   Objective: To investigate the difference between Tip-Edge Plus and Damon self-ligating brackets in torque control in extraction cases. Methods: Patients treated in Nanjing Stomatological Hospital in 2012～2014 who needed four premolar extraction were selected, with 20 cases treated by the Tip-Edge Plus appliance (TP group) and 20 cases treated by the Damon self-ligating brackets (DM group). Digital cephalograms were recorded and cephalometric analyses were carried out before treatment and after treatment. Results: No difference was observed before treatment in upper incisor inclination (TP group 112.45±6.39°, DM group 111.87±6.33°); significant retraction of anterior incisors were founded with no difference in torque control of both upper incisors (TP group 99.32±7.33°, DM group 99.57±4.74°); the protrusive lips were significantly retracted with remarked profile improvement, and no difference in Z angle was observed (TP group 99.32±7.33°, DM group 99.57±4.74°). Conclusion: Both the Tip-Edge Plus and Damon self-ligating brackets could effectively control the torque of front teeth, and no differences were found in two groups. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Skeletal Effects of Modified Twin-block on Patients in Non-growth Period with Disc Displacement with Reduction. HU Xin-xin, ZHU Yao-min, HE Liu-ting, GU Ying, LIANG Zhi-gang, ZHENG Cang-shang. 2017, 33(5): 550-553.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.05.021 Abstract ( 288 )   PDF (1539KB) ( 291 )   Objective: To assess the skeletal changes of patients with disc displacement with reduction not in pubertal or pre pubertal stage treated with modified Twin-block by means of lateral cephalometric radiographs. Methods: Twenty-six patients with disc displacement with reduction over 20 years were included in the study. All patients were successfully treated with modified Twin-block. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were taken before and 2 months after treatment. Measurements of SNA, SNB, ANB, SN-PP, PP-MP, N-ANS, ANS-Me pre and post were taken. Results: ANS-Me values significantly increased after treatment. There were no significant differences for the indices of SNA, SNB, ANB, SN-PP, PP-MP, N-ANS before and after treatments. Conclusion: Modified Twin-block slightly increases lower facial height of patients over 20 years hisoldy with disc displacement with reduction. No other skeletal changes were found in this study. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparative Study on Extraction of Mandibular Deeply Impacted Wisdom Teeth Assisted by Two Kinds of Micro-dynamic System. LI Xiang-jun, ZHANG Xiao-yan, ZHANG Xiao, LIU Yu, ZHANG Xu-dong. 2017, 33(5): 554-558.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.05.022 Abstract ( 259 )   PDF (1497KB) ( 395 )   Objective: To compare the effects of electric micro-dynamic systems and high-speed air-turbine drill in the extraction of mandibular deeply impacted wisdom teeth, and to evaluate the advantages and short comings of each method. Methods: One hundred and thirty-three cases of mandibular deeply impacted wisdom teeth were randomly assigned to two groups:one group was extracted by using electric micro-dynamic systems (MDS Group),while the other was treated by using high-speed air-turbine drill (HST Group). Then the duration of operation, postoperative pain, swelling, trismus and the rate of dry socket,inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) injury, and damage to adjacent teeth were compared. The data were statistically analyzed with SPSS19.0 software package. Results: The data showed that the duration of operation of MDS group was shorter than HST group significantly. The occurrence of postoperative pain, swelling and trismus of MDS group was fewer than that of HST group statistically(P<0.05). The incidence rate of dry socket and IAN injury of MDS group was lower than that of HST group, but no statistical difference be found. Conclusion: Compared with high-speed air-turbine drill, electric micro-dynamic systems can obtain better clinical effect by cutting down duration of operation with minor wound and reducing the incidence of postoperative complications efficiently. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Incidence of Fenestration and Dehiscence on Incisor Region by CBCT. DENG Li,SHI Xue-feng. 2017, 33(5): 559-562.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.05.023 Abstract ( 383 )   PDF (1286KB) ( 338 )   Objective: To describe the incidence and sites of alveolar bone fenestration and dehiscence in incisor region with CBCT images, and to guide orthodontic clinica1 design. Methods: Four hundred and twenty-one CBCT images of orthodontic patients in Hanzhong Stomatological Hospital from 2010.7 to 2015.9 were selected.Their fenestration and dehiscence incidences in incisor regions were described and statistically analyzed. Results: The incidence of fenestration in incisor region of was 38.24%. Statistical analysis indicated that the left and right upper lateral incisor group (20.43% and 16.39%) had a greater prevalence of fenestration than the other groups (P<0.005). No significant difference was found between skeletal classifications for fenestration in incisor regions. The incidence of dehiscence in incisor region was 20.43%. Statistical analysis indicated that no significant difference was found between teeth group for dehiscence in incisor regions. The skeletal ClassⅡ group (33.82%) had a greater prevalence than the other groups (P<0.05). The most commonly affected tooth was the left lower lateral incisor (6.65%). Conclusion: Alveolar bone fenestration and dehiscence is a common phenomenon in orthodontic patients. No significant difference was found between genders. The most commonly affected tooth of fenestration was the upper lateral incisor. No significant difference was found between skeletal classifications. The most commonly affected tooth of dehiscence was the lower incisor, and the skeletal ClassⅡ group had a greater prevalence. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Ultra-thin Veneers on Anterior Teeth Deformity. LUO Shan-feng. 2017, 33(5): 563-566.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.05.024 Abstract ( 250 )   PDF (810KB) ( 389 )   Objective: To evaluate the effect of ultra-thin veneers on the anterior teeth deformity. Methods: Sixty-seven anterior teeth deformity in 41 patients were selected for this study. No preparation or 0.2-0.3mm preparation was used in the clinical. Ultra-thin veneers were weared. Each restoration was evaluated use USPHS by 2 prosthodontists. The success rates of all restoration were analyzed at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, and 4 years after the treatment. Results: There were 0(0), 1(1), 3(6), 7(12), 11(18) patients (ultra-thin veneers) loss of follow up at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, and 4 years after the veneers finished. The success rates were 100%, 100%, 98%, 96%, and 91% at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, and 4 years follow up, respectively. The marginal fit, colors, esthetic effect, translucency, and integrity of veneers, teeth sensibility, gingival index, and patients' degree of satisfaction were all excellent. There was no case of dentin hypersensitivity and one case of secondary caries after 4 year follow-up. Conclusion: The ultra-thin veneers have a perfect esthetic effect and a satisfactory success rate in the esthetic treatment of anterior teeth deformity under the critical indications. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Enucleation with Bone Curettage on Ameloblastoma: a Clinical Research JIA Xue-ping, TANG En-yi. 2017, 33(5): 567-570.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.05.025 Abstract ( 292 )   PDF (1673KB) ( 405 )   Objective: To investigate the effect of enucleation with bone curettage on ameloblastoma. Methods: Eleven patients with mandibular ameloblastoma were included in this study. The methods of treatment consisted of enucleation with bone curettage. Results: Only one person's tumor showed recurrence. The aesthetic and functional outcomes were satisfied in other patients. Conclusion: According to our opinion, curettage of ameloblastoma is a choice to treat ameloblastoma with good function and aesthetic outcome. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress of the Regulatory Role of Autophagy in Bone Diseases. GU Zhong-yi, FEI Hong-bo, LI Yang-yang, XU Xiao-wei, SUN Hong-chen, LIN Chong-tao. 2017, 33(5): 571-573.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.05.026 Abstract ( 312 )   PDF (781KB) ( 441 )   Bone is a kind of dynamic active tissue, which could maintain mineralization balance and self-structure stability by sustaining bone remodeling. Autophagy is a process of self-lysis depending on the cells' lysosomal which plays an important role in the function of bone cells. The breaking of the autophagy balance is closely related to the development of bone diseases. Therefore, it is of great theoretical significance and practical value to fully understand the role of autophagy in the regulation of bone tissues. Thus, in this paper, the formation of the autophapy, the relationship between of the autophagy and the bone cells and the mechanism of autophagy in bone diseases are reviewed as well, in order to further explore the regulation of autophagy during the treatments about bone diseases. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study of Follicle Stimulating Hormone(FSH) in Postmenopausal-osteoporosis and Oral Bone Resorption Disease. GUAN Xiao-yue, QIAN Hua, BIAN Zhuan. 2017, 33(5): 574-576.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.05.027 Abstract ( 314 )   PDF (786KB) ( 281 )   Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) is glycoprotein hormone produced and secreted by animal anterior pituitary basophils. In recent years, studies have shown that FSH can directly regulate the bone mass and affect the postmenopausal osteoporosis. Postmenopausal osteoporosis can affect the alveolar bone mass, in addition, it can influence oral bone resorption disease. In this review, we will provide a brief introduction to the FSH and its affecion in postmenopausal osteoporosis and oral bone resorption disease. References | Related Articles | Metrics