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Transfection Efficiency of Water Soluble Grapheme on Synovial Stem Cells. WANG Yue, SHAO Bo, GONG Zhong-cheng, YANG Meng, HU Xin, LIU Hui, HU Lu-lu, WANG Bing. 2017, 33(4): 349-352.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.04.001 Abstract ( 290 )   PDF (1046KB) ( 199 )   Objective:To study the transfection efficiency of water soluble grapheme on synovuial stem cells. Methods: The third generation of synovial-derived mesenchymal stem cells (SMSCs) was divided into two groups. In experimental group, cells were cultured with the concentration of 25moL/mL water soluble grapheme for 24 hours at the temperature of 37℃. For the control group, cells were cultured with common medium for 24 hours at the temperature of 37℃. The laser scanning microscope with 405nm excitation wavelength was employed to detect the cells marked by the water soluble grapheme. Results: Fluorescence spots could be observed in the cytoplasmic area of these stem cells in experimental group 24 hours later under the laser scanning microscope, and the light intensity of nucleus was relatively weak. Conclusion: Grapheme quantum dots (GQDs) are easily penetrated into the cytoplasm but not the nucleus. It is suggested that genetic disruptions might not happen after the GQDs entered the living stem cells. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparative Study on Synovial Mesenchymal Stem Cells Differentiated into Chondrocytes Induced by Chondrocyte Supernatant and Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1. SHAO Bo,HE Duo-ming,GONG Zhong-cheng,WANG Yue, YANG Meng, LIN Zhao-quan. 2017, 33(4): 353-357.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.04.002 Abstract ( 289 )   PDF (1589KB) ( 185 )   Objective: To study the role of secreted factors by chondrocytes to induce chondrogenesis of synovial mesenchymal stem cells. Methods: The synovial mesenchymal stem cells (SMSCs) and chondrocytes were harvested from rat knee joints and cultured through the digestion method. The supernatant was collected from chondrocytes, centrifuged, filtered, and cryopreserved. Group1: the third passage SMSCs centrifuged as pellets were cultured in the chondrocyte supernatant for 21 days. Group2: SMSCs differentiated under the induction of transforming growth factor beta-1 in the same time. The cells morphology was examined and the type II collagen and aggrecan were detected through immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. Results: The SMSCs induced became cartilage-like tissue after 21 days. The type II collagen was detected positively in the matrix of two groups immunohistochemically. Two groups for chondrogenic differentiation of SMSCs successfully induced the expression of multiple cartilage-specific molecules, including collagen type II and aggrecan, and resulted in a chondrocyte-like phenotype. The Group 1's cartilage gene content was higher than that of the group used transforming growth factor. Conclusion: Two groups can induce SMSCs differentiation into chondrocytes. Using supernatants can induce better results. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of TRAF6 Silencing by siRNA on Proliferation of Human Periodontal Ligament Cells Treated with LPS. CHEN Qing-yong, LI Xia, ZHANG Fang,WANG Jin-hua. 2017, 33(4): 358-361.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.04.003 Abstract ( 279 )   PDF (1034KB) ( 191 )   Objective: To investigate the effect of siRNAtargeting TRAF6 on proliferation of human periodontal ligament cells(hPDLC) under LPS challenge. Methods: hPDLC was isolated from human periodontal ligament. The immunohistochemistry was used to examinethe expression of cytokeratin and vimentin. Lipofectamine was used to transfect TRAF6 siRNA and control siRNA into hPDLC, and then the cells were stimulated by LPS. RT-PCR was employed to determine TRAF6 mRNA. CCK-8 was used to test the proliferation of hPDLC under LPS challenge. Results: Immunohistochemistry confirmed that the cells were hPDLC. Compared with the control group, the mRNA expression of TRAF6 in TRAF6 siRNA group was decreased. The A value of TRAF6 knockdown cells was significantly decreased compared with thecontrol group(P<0.001).The proliferation of TRAF6 siRNA group treated with 10μg /mL LPS was also significantly decreased compared with other groups(P<0.001). Conclusion: The results suggest that TRAF6 knockdown inhibits the proliferation upon LPS challenge, which indicates thatTRAF6 maybe a target for periodontitis therapy. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Occlusal Intervention on the Expression of COX-2 and iNOS in the Temporomandibular Joint Synovial Membrane of Rat Caused by Increased Anterior Guidance. LI Yu-xuan, YAO Tian-hua, BAI Le-kang, TAN Wen-hong, HAN Hui-fang, ZHAI Tong, XIAO Min. 2017, 33(4): 362-366.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.04.004 Abstract ( 227 )   PDF (976KB) ( 175 )   Objective: To investigate the effect of occlusal intervention on the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in TMJ synovium of rats caused by increased anterior guidance. Methods: Metal crowns increased 30 degree on palatal side were cemented to the maxillary incisors of rat to build the model of anterior guidance increased group (C). The intervention group was built by increased the anterior guidance of rat first, then the occlusal intervention respectively started on the day 3, 7, 14, and 21 to build the I-3d, I-7d, I-14d, and I-21d intervention group. All rats were sacrificed on day 28. TMJ joints were extracted by one side. HE staining was processed to observe the histological changes of TMJ synovium. IHC and real-time PCR analysis were evaluated to detect the levels of COX-2 and iNOS in TMJ synovium. Results: The mRNA of iNOS and COX-2 barely expressed in the intervention groups (I) compared with the anterior guidance increased group (C) (P<0.05). iNOS and COX-2 were scarcely expressed in the group I-3d. Conclusion: On the basis of increasing the anterior guidance inclination of rat, the early intervention would lead to much less expression of iNOS and COX-2 in TMJ synovium of rat. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Ultrashort Wave on Proliferation and Osteogenic Differentiation of Rat BMSCs. SONG Yan-yan, LIU Ling, ZHOU Qi-qi, HAN Xiang-zhen, ZHAO Xiao-qi, GE SHU-peng, HE Hui-yu. 2017, 33(4): 367-370.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.04.005 Abstract ( 224 )   PDF (1537KB) ( 215 )   Objective: To investigate the effect of ultrashort wave on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs). Methods: rBMSCs were isolated from SD rats and treated by ultrashort wave fields for 15mins/d. Cell proliferation was determined by CCK-8 method after 1, 4 and 7d respectively. Intracellular alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was measured by BCTP/NBT kit after the cells were cultured for 3d. Real-time PCR was used to compare the expression of osteogenesis related gene runt-related transcription factor-2 (RUNX2) after the cells were cultured for 7d. Results: Ultrashort wave significantly enhanced the proliferation (P<0.05) and osteogenic differentiation of rBMSCs, which was indicated by the high ALP production and up-regulated RUNX2 (P＜0.05). Conclusion: Ultrashort wave promoted the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of rBMSCs. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence of Corticotomy on Safety of Orthodontic Tooth Movement via Promoting Osteogenesis in Rats. ZHU Shao-yue, LIU Zong-xiang, LI Xiao-ming,LIU Hao, WANG Peng-lai. 2017, 33(4): 371-374.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.04.006 Abstract ( 275 )   PDF (1660KB) ( 273 )   Objective: To study the influences of corticotomy on orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) and the underlying mechanism in rats. Methods: Forty-eight female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to corticotomy group (Cort, 24 rats) and sham-corticotomy group (Sham, 24 rats). All rats were subjected OTM after corticotomy or sham surgery. Six rats of each group were executed on day 0, 1, 3 and 7 of OTM. OTM were measured with an electronic digital caliper. New-formed bone was counted on the intension side with HE staining. Osteocalcin and Runx2 were measured by IHC on the tension side. Data were analyzed with the SPSS software version 16.0 and P<0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: OTM on day 1 and 7 in the Cort group increased when compared to the sham group. New-formed bone on the tension side increased in the Cort group on day 3 and 7. Osteocalcin positive osteoblasts on the tension side also increased in the Cort group on day 3 and 7. Expression of Runx2 increased on the tension side in the Cort group on day 3 and 7. Conclusion: Corticotomy accelerated OTM in rats and the promoted bone formation may guarantee the safety of OTM in rats. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical Evaluation of Micro-ultrasonic Removing Necrotic Tissue on Dental Caries LIU Yuan-yuan, LIU Sheng-bo, WANG Li. 2017, 33(4): 375-377.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.04.007 Abstract ( 258 )   PDF (919KB) ( 302 )   Objective: To evaluate the clinical effects of micro-ultrasonic removing necrotic tissue on caries. Methods: Thirty patients with dentinal caries were randomly divided into two groups. The experiment group was excavated with ultrasonic tips and the control group with handpieces. The sensitivity of pain, dentin debris after lesions removal, and time consumption were compared. Results: All patients of the experiment group felt painless or minor aches while only 53.3% patients of the control group had the same feeling. There was significant difference between two groups (P<0.05).The dentin debris of micro-ultrasonic group was significantly less than that of handpieces group (P<0.01).The time consumption was also statistically different (P<0.01). Conclusion: The micro-ultrasonic technology is an excellent method to relieve pain and improve the cleanliness of the caries. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Association between Dental Caries and HLA-DRB1 Allele Polymorphisms among Uygur Children in Xinjiang. ZHANG Rui-han, LIU Jia, GUO Ran, LIU Yi-shan. 2017, 33(4): 378-381.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.04.008 Abstract ( 266 )   PDF (895KB) ( 186 )   Objective: To investigate the association of human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB1 allele polymorphisms with dental caries among Uygur children in Xinjiang. Methods: A total of 80 Uygur children in Xinjiang were enrolled for this study. Among them,40 children were diagnosed as high dental caries and the other 40 children were healthy controls. All 80 children were tested by polymerase chain reaction sequence specific primers (PCR - SSP) DNA parting technology to study the HLA-DRB1 allele polymorphism and dental caries. Results: Thirteen specific loci were detected in HLA-DRB1 locus in high caries group and control group.Two groups of allele frequencies distribution were similar. The expression of HLA-DRB1 *01 gene was the highest (≥47.5%), while expression of HLA-DRB1* 08 and *09 genes was the lowest (≤12.5%).The frequencies of HLA-DRB1*11 and DRB1*13 alleles in the high caries group (40.0% and 47.5%) were significantly higher than those in the control group (17.5% and 17.5%) (P<0.05, OR =3.143 and 3.619). The frequencies of HLA-DRB1* 04 and DRB1*07 alleles in the high caries group (15.0% and 17.5%) were significantly lower than those in the control group (37.5% and 50.0%) (P<0.05, OR =0.294 and 0.294). Conclusion: The susceptibility to caries among Uygur children in Xinjiang is related to the HLA-DRB1 allele. The HLA-DRB1* 11 and *13 might be the susceptible alleles for caries, and the HLA-DRB1* 04 and *07 might be the protected alleles for caries in this population. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Accuracy of A Commonly-used Surgical Template. XU Liang-wei, CHENG Kang-jie, PENG Wei, YAO Chun-yan . 2017, 33(4): 382-385.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.04.009 Abstract ( 264 )   PDF (1470KB) ( 374 )   Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of surgical templates which have different located modes with the aid of CT and computer-aided design and manufacture technology. Methods: Teeth-supported and mucosa-supported templates were used in surgery for 90 implants. The actual and designed implant positions were recorded accordingly. The hex, apex, depth, and angular deviation of implants were analyzed. Results: For teeth supported surgical template, the mean hex deviation, apex deviation, depth deviation, and angular deviation were 1.56mm, 1.78mm, 1.1mm, and 2.96°, respectively. The mean hex deviation, apex deviation, depth deviation, and angular deviation for mucosa supported surgical template were 1.71mm ,1.9mm, 1.09mm, and 3.19°, respectively. Conclusion: Teeth-supported templates are more accuracy than mucosa-supported templates. Compared with specific templates, the commonly-used templates had no significance in depth, hex, and angular deviation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Meta-Analysis of Association Between Interleukin-1β T-31C Polymorphism and Chronic Periodontitis Susceptibility. JIA Cheng, LI Xiao-yan, SUN Feng, XIA Ling-yun, ZENG Xian-tao. 2017, 33(4): 386-389.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.04.010 Abstract ( 255 )   PDF (1312KB) ( 297 )   Objective: To investigate the association between interleukin-1β (IL-1β) T-31C polymorphism and periodontitis risk using a meta-analysis. Methods: A comprehensive literature search from PubMed, Embase and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure up to May 26, 2016 was made. Two authors selected the studies and extracted data, and then the meta-analysis was conducted using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis v2 software. Results: Finally eight case-control studies were yielded. All five genetic models revealed non-significant association between the IL-1β T-31C polymorphism and periodontitis risk. Sensitivity analysis indicated that the results were robust and the subgroup analysis yielded similar results. Conclusion: Based on current evidence, the IL-1β T-31C polymorphism was not associated with PD susceptibility in overall population. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of Curative Effect of Polyantibiotic Paste and Vitapex for Pulp Infection and Periradicular Lesion of Primary Teeth: a Systematic Review. FANG Rui-zhen, GAO lei, WU Li-an. 2017, 33(4): 390-395.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.04.011 Abstract ( 285 )   PDF (4702KB) ( 342 )   Objective: To compare the curative effect of polyantibiotic paste and Vitapex for primary teeth of pulp infection and periradicular lesions by systematical review. Methods: The data up to June 30, 2016 were collected by searching in Cochrane Library, EMbase, PubMed, CBM, CNKI and VIP. Two reviewers independently screened the literatures according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria and extracted data from the literatures. The methodological quality of selected studies was assessed. The RevMan 5.0 software was used for Meta-analysis and the Stata 12.0 was for evaluating the publication bias. Results: A total of 16 studies were selected and 3852 teeth were involved. The results of Meta-analysis showed that the total successful rate between two groups [RR=1.02, 95%CI (1.00-1.04), Z=1.85, P=0.06] and the successful rate of 12 months [RR=1.01, 95%CI (0.98-1.03), Z=0.60, P=0.55] were not significantly different; the successful rate of 6 months [RR=1.02, 95%CI (1.00-1.04), Z=2.15, P=0.03] and the successful rate of over 24 months [RR=1.75, 95%CI (1.11-2.76), Z=2.42, P=0.02] were significantly different. Conclusion: Compared with the curative effect of Vitapex for primary teeth of pulp infection and periradicular lesions, the successful rate of polyantibiotic paste was superior, especially for the cases observed over two years. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Volume Rendering Visualization Technique based on CBCT Volume Data in Evaluation of Bone Mass of Maxillary Molar Region. XIE Xin, WANG Tie-mei, LIU Shu, MOU Yong-bin, LIN Zi-tong. 2017, 33(4): 396-399.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.04.012 Abstract ( 279 )   PDF (1470KB) ( 328 )   Objective: To develop a volume rendering visualization software based on CBCT volume data, to three-dimensionally demonstrate the maxillary molar region, and to improve the visuality of pre-surgery assessment of alveolar bone and maxillary sinus for implantation in maxillary molar regions. Methods: The original CBCT data in DICOM format of 13 maxillary molar implant cases were imported into both NNT 2.19 software (J.Morita Manufacturing Corp.) and the software TooMax 1.0 developed by our project team, the heights from alveolar crest to the floor of maxillary sinus (H1) and the buccal-palatal widths (H2) were measured in both softwares. The measurements were analyzed. Maxillary sinus and the two-dimensional lengths were demonstrated in the three-dimensional volume rendering models. Results: No significant difference was found between the two softwares, and the three-dimensional and real-time demonstrations of the measurements could facilitate communications between doctors and patients and aid in designing of implantation. Conclusion: Volume rendering enhances the visuality of CBCT technology and can simulate implantation to some extent, which is conducive to achieve visualization in clinical treatment. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression and Clinical Significance of Hippo Signaling Pathway Related Proteins YAP, MST1 and LATS1/2 in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. WANG Xue-yang, ZHOU Yu-chuan, CHEN Qing-li, GONG Zhong-cheng, LIN Zhao-quan 2017, 33(4): 400-403.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.04.013 Abstract ( 209 )   PDF (1074KB) ( 457 )   Objective: To research the expression of YAP, MST1 and LATS1/2 in oral squamous cell carcinoma and their correlation with the clinical data of the patients. Methods: Fifty-one cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma were collected from Xinjiang Medical University, and the survivals of the patients were followed up by telephone. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of YAP, MST1 and LATS1/2 in oral squamous cell carcinoma tissues and the clinical data were statistically analyzed. Results: The expression of YAP, LATS1/2 and MST1 were related to the tumor size and degree of differentiation (P<0.05). YAP and LATS1/2 were related with lymph node metastasis (P<0.05), and MST1 was not related with lymph node metastasis. YAP, LATS1/2 and MST1 were not related with gender and age, family name, and the metastasis of the tumor. Conclusion: Hippo signaling pathway related proteins have a certain effect on tumor size, differentiation degree and lymph node metastasis. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Mimics in Measurement of Condylar Volume and Surface Area. LIU Qi, WEI Xiao-er, ZOU De-rong, YU Lv-feng. 2017, 33(4): 404-408.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.04.014 Abstract ( 385 )   PDF (1692KB) ( 530 )   Objective: To calculate the volume, surface area and morphometric index (MI) of condyle in normal population by Mimics 17.0, and to investigate the morphological characteristics at different positions, sex and age, so as to establish reference value of normal population. Methods: Three hundred subjects were enrolled in our study from the radiology department of The Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University. They were divided into three groups according to ages: group 1 (18-24), group 2 (25-34), and group 3 (35-44). Each group contains 100 subjects (50 males and 50 females). Then they were examined by MSCT. All images were reconstructed by Mimics. Results: The differences of condylar volume, surface area and MI between right and left sides were not significant. The condylar volume and surface area were greater in males than in females (P<0.05), while their MI showed no significant difference. We found no statistically significant difference in volume and surface area among three groups. However, the MI of group 1 was significantly lower than that of group 3 (P<0.05). Conclusion: Mimics can measure the volume and surface area of condyle effectively, and reference values of the condylar volume and surface area in normal population can be established. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Sonicfill System on Microleakage of Class Ⅱ Resin Filling. SHAO Li- na, HAN Xue, QIU Li-hong, ZHAN Fu- liang, WANG Xue-mei. 2017, 33(4): 409-411.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.04.015 Abstract ( 251 )   PDF (1092KB) ( 265 )   Objective: To evaluate the effect of sonicfill system on microleakage of class Ⅱ resin filling. Methods: Fifteen extracted permanent molars with same caries in both mesial surface and distal surface were collected.One cavity was filled by sonicfill system (the experimental group), and the other cavity was filled by Herculite Précis nano resin with oblique layered filling technology (the control group). After 500 thermocycling, all samples were stained within 0.5% fuchsin solution for 24 hours, and teeth were mesio-distally cut along the tooth long axis.Stereomicroscope was employed to evaluate the dye penetration level (0-3) and scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the microleakage. Scores of dye penetration were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U test, and micro-crack width by SEM was analyzed by t-test. Results: There were significant differences in the Dye penetrationscores between two groups(P＜0.05). Microleakage of axial wall was significantly less than that of gingival wall(P＜0.05). The micro-crack widths between axial wall and gingival wall were significant differentbetween two groups(P＜0.01). Micro-crack width of axial wall was significantly less than gingival wall in each group(P＜0.01). Conclusion: Sonicfill system can effectively reduce the resin microleakage of class Ⅱ resin filling and the microleakage of axial wall is less than that of gingival wall. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of Saliva Metabolic Profile of Patients with Periodontitis using 1H NMR Metabolomics Method. WANG Hui, KU Li-bo, XU Guo-quan, ZHAO Zhi-hua, MA Li. 2017, 33(4): 412-415.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.04.016 Abstract ( 288 )   PDF (1642KB) ( 178 )   Objective:To discover the distinguishing metabolites in saliva of patients with periodontitis using 1H NMR-based metabolomics method. Methods:The subjects were selected as the experimental group and the control group by blood routine test. The saliva was collected and nuclear magnetic resonance was performed to identify the different metabolic profiles. The metabolites with VIP>1 and univariate statistic P<0.05 were identified as the ultimate distinguishing metabolites. Results: The metabolites glucose, threonine, and leucine were identified as potential indicators of periodontal inflammation. Conclusion: The metabolomics method has the potential to facilitate the screening and early diagnosis of periodontitis. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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3D Finite Element Analysis--Influence of Labial Brackets Positions on Resistance Center of Maxillary Anterior Teeth. LV Zhi-peng, ZHANG Yi, WANG Chao, HUANG Qian-qian, WANG Hua-qiao, ZHANG He. 2017, 33(4): 416-419.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.04.017 Abstract ( 222 )   PDF (1183KB) ( 285 )   Objective: To investigate the influence of labial bracket position on the resistance center of upper anterior teeth. Methods: The 3D finite element analysis (FEM) models of segment retraction force system with labial brackets placed at different heights were constructed. The arch wire was set as rigid. Retraction force was applied to the anterior teeth (every 0.5mm above the arch wire) and was parallel to the arch wire. When the ratio of the displacement of maxillary incisor edge’s middle point to the apex was close to 1, the bodily movement was considered to occur to the anterior teeth, and the perpendicular distance of center of resistance was recorded. The anteroposterior position of resistance center in the same way was determined. Results: In labial orthodontics, when the distance of maxillary anterior teeth’s brackets to the incisor edge was 5mm, the location of the center of resistance was 16.5mm apical and posterior 13mm to the incisor edge. When the distance was 6mm, the location of center of resistance was 17.5mm apical and posterior 12mm to the incisor edge. When the distance was 4mm, the location of center of resistance was 18mm apical and posterior 13mm to the incisor edge. Conclusion: The positions of resistance center of different labial bracket positions showed little difference. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of Maxillary Canine Movement Speed under Different Orthodontic Forces. FENG Yan, DONG Min, XU Lin-yu. 2017, 33(4): 420-423.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.04.018 Abstract ( 258 )   PDF (1049KB) ( 255 )   Objective: To provide the reference standard of suitable force for clinics through measuring the distance of maxillary canine movement under different durations and different forces. Methods: Thirty-two cases under the growth and development period were divided into 4 groups. Different orthodontic distal forces (50g, 100g, 150g and 200g) were pressured on the maxillary canine of right side in different groups. No force was pressured on the maxillary canine of left side. The moving distances of the whole canines were measured during different time periods. Results: The movement speeds of maxillary canine were significantly different during different time periods (P<0.01). The movement speeds were also significantly different under different forces (P<0.01). Interaction was present between force and time. Conclusion: The movement speeds of maxillary canine increased following the increased forces when the force was less than 100g. However, the movement speeds did not increase dramatically when the force was more than 100g. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical Study of Transmasseteric Anterior Parotid Approach for Treatment of Mandibular Subcondylar Fractures. CAO Guang-ming, ZOU Zhi-rong, WANG Wei-hong, XU Biao, ZENG Lin 2017, 33(4): 424-426.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.04.019 Abstract ( 341 )   PDF (1040KB) ( 259 )   Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of transmasseteric anterior parotid approach for open reduction of mandibular subcondylar fractures. Methods: From July 2014 to July 2016, 18 cases with mandibular subcondylar fractures were recruited in this study. The skin flap with the subcutaneous layer was elevated anteriorly in the plane superficial to the platysma muscle and the parotid fascia, and then the fracture was exposed by blunt dissection of the masseter between the upper and lower buccal branches of the facial nerve after revealing the surface of the masseter muscle through the anterior border of the parotid gland. Finally, the fracture was reducted using single L-shaped titanium plate. Moreover, before all surgeries, temporomandibular joint and parotid region were studied at five Chinese adult cadavers fixed by 10％ formalin. Results: All 18 patients achieved satisfactory occlusion and mouth opening, no postoperative facial paralysis occurred in all cases. Conclusion: It is crucial to know well the anatomy of both the temporomandibular joint and the parotid region to reduce the surgical trauma and complications. Transmasseteric anterior parotid approach is a feasible approach in the surgical treatment for the mandibular subcondylar fractures because it can provide adequate exposure and minimal facial nerve injury, achieve reduction easily, and avoid conspicuous scar. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Negotiation of Calcified Root Canal under Guidance of 3D Guides: Precise Minimally Invasive Root Canal Treatment. FENG Qiong, WANG Yi-zhou, HUANG Yu-ting, ZHANG Xiao-rong, JIANG Qiang-zhou, YANG Xue-chao. 2017, 33(4): 427-431.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.04.020 Abstract ( 448 )   PDF (1346KB) ( 807 )   Objective: To present an approach for root canal treatment of the teeth with root canal calcification and apical periodontitis. Methods: For patients with root canal calcificationin the anterior teeth, a cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and an intraoral surface scan were precise positioned the direction and the length of the root canal. Related data were performed and matched.Software was used for virtual implant planning and 3D printer used for template fabrication. Ultrasound was used to clear calcified canals under the guidance of the guide plate,the root canalswere prepared by nickel-titanium instruments combined with ultrasonic irrigation.The root canal was filled with vertically condensed gutta-percha with epoxy sealer. Results: The root canal was successfully negotiated and accessible and minimally invasive access to the apical was obtained. The root canal was showed clearly on the radiograph along the natural direction row.Theroot canal therapy was successfully completed. Conclusions: CBCT measurements combined with 3D printing guides couldlocate the direction and depth of root canal safely and precisely. The presented guided endodontic approach seems to be a precise and feasible method to locate the calcifiedroot canals and prevent root perforation in teeth clinically. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Marginal and Internal Fit of All-ceramic Crowns on Three Different Tooth-colored Post-cores. XIAO Dan, YAO Yuan, HUANG Feng, LIU Ying-lu, HE Jian-hui. 2017, 33(4): 432-435.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.04.021 Abstract ( 210 )   PDF (866KB) ( 193 )   Objective: To study the marginal and internal fit of all-ceramic crowns on three different tooth-colored post-cores. Methods: A total of 24 intact extracted teeth were selected and excised at 2mm crows from cemento-enamel junction. Eight of color-masking Co-Cr post-cores, zirconium post-cores, and fiber-resin post-cores were separately made according to the clinical operation procedures and methods. The marginal and internal fit of these groups were measured and recorded using a measuring microscope by silicone rubber gap impression. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 17.0 software. Results: The depths of marginal fit of the color-masking Co-Cr post-cores, zirconium post-cores, and fiber-resin post-cores were 96.98±3.51, 62.34±3.22, and 59.00±3.96μm, respectively. The depths of internal fit were 95.71±2.52, 73.14±2.04, and 68.52±4.08μm, respectively. A significant difference was observed in the marginal and internal fit of the color-masking Co-Cr post-cores and the other groups (P<0.05). No statistically significant difference was observed in the marginal and internal fit of the zirconium post-cores group and fiber- resin post group. Conclusion: The marginal fit of all ceramic crowns are clinically acceptable using three post-core methods. The marginal adaptation of zirconium post-cores and fiber-resin post-cores were more closed to America Dental Association standards. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Penetration of Dentinal Tubules by iRoot SP in Extracted Teeth in Vitro. WU Yu-zhi, LIN Ju-hong. 2017, 33(4): 436-439.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.04.022 Abstract ( 253 )   PDF (1353KB) ( 242 )   Objective: To evaluate the penetration depth of iRoot SP in the dentinal tubules by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Methods: Twenty-eight mandibular premolars with single canal were decoronated to obtain 14-mm root segments. The root canals were instrumented using Protaper files prepared to F1. Roots were randomly divided into 2 experimental groups (A and B, n=12) and control group (n=4). Specimens of group A were filled with iRoot SP using the continuous wave of condensation technique. Specimens of group B were filled with AH Plus using the same technique. Specimens of group A and group B were transversely sectioned. The sealers penetration depth into the dentinal tubules was observed and measured in the coronal, middle and apical third of the root canal using SEM. Specimens of control group were longitudinally sectioned and the dentinal tubules were observed. Results: The penetration depth of AH Plus group was significantly higher than that of iRoot SP group in the apical third of the root canal walls (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the coronal and middle third of the root canal walls between two groups. The smear layer was almost completely removed in the coronal and middle third of the root canal walls, however, partly removed in the apical third of the root canal walls. Conclusion: The dentinal tubule penetration of AH Plus is significantly greater than that of iRoot SP. The penetration depth of AH Plus and iRoot SP was better in the coronal and middle third than in the apical third of the root canal walls. The dentinal tubule penetration of sealers is affected by their physical and chemical properties and smear layer. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of A-type Potassium Ion Channels on the Proliferation of Human Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma Tca8113 Cells. ZHANG Xiao-yan, CHENG Jun, XU Hua-li, MAO Liang, NIE Min-hai. 2017, 33(4): 440-443.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.04.023 Abstract ( 238 )   PDF (1059KB) ( 166 )   Objective: To explore the effect of A-type potassium channels on the proliferation of Tca8113 cells. Methods: The whole cell patch clamp technique was used to record and analyze the inhibitory effect of 4-AP on A-type K+ current in Tca8113 cells, and MTT tests were used to test the inhibitory effect of 4-AP on cell proliferation in vitro. Results: Under the concentration of 2 mmol/L 4-AP, the peak of A type K+ current was decreased from (267.04±13.84)pA to (124.81 ±5.24)pA. The different concentrations of 4-AP could inhibit the proliferation of Tca8113 cells, and the magnitude of inhibitive effect was concentrations and reaction time dependent. Conclusion: The A-type of K+ channels play a role in the process of Tca8113 cell proliferation, and the blocker of A-type K+ channel can inhibit the proliferation of Tca8113 cells. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of Shaping Ability of ProTaper Next and M3 in Simulated Curved Root Canals. WANG Tian, LI Gui-hong. 2017, 33(4): 444-448.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.04.024 Abstract ( 285 )   PDF (1018KB) ( 238 )   Objective: To compare the shaping ability of ProTaper Next and M3 in simulated curved root canals. Methods: A total of 30 simulated root canals were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups (n=10): the PU group, the PN group and the M3 group. The simulated root canals were prepared with 3 instruments, respectively. The efficacy of the shaping ability of canal preparation was analyzed. The pre-instrumentation and post-instrumentation images were recorded and the assessment of the canal shape was completed with Photoshop CS6 and Image Pro Plus6.0. The apical transportation indices and the amounts of apically extruded debris were recorded. Results: Statistically significant difference was found in mean working time and transportation of the simulated root canals at the most levels between PU group, PN group and M3 group. No Statistically significant difference was found in mean working time and transportation of the simulated root canals at the most levels between PN group and M3 group. The amounts of apically extruded debris by PU group and M3 group were more than PN group with significantly differences. Conclusion: ProTaper Next and M3 tested in this study were effective and time-saving in shaping simulated root canals. The results indicated both ProTaper Next and M3 were comparable to optimally enlarge root canal. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Antimicrobial Effects of Enterococcus Faecalis in Root Canal using Er:YAG Laser Combined with Different Concentrations of Sodium Hypochlorite Irrigants. DUAN Rui,WANG Ting,ZHAO Ying-xuan,LIN Song-shan 2017, 33(4): 449-452.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.04.025 Abstract ( 320 )   PDF (843KB) ( 576 )   Objective: To compare the antimicrobial effects of Er:YAG laser combined with different concentrations of sodium hypochlorite (NaClO)irrigants on enterococcus faecalis. Methods: Seventy-five single-root teeth were selected and contaminated with enterococcus faecalis for 4 weeks.The models were randomly divided into 5 groups: 5.25 % NaClO(group A),Er:YAG laser + 5.25 % NaClO (group B), 1 % NaClO(group C), Er:YAG laser + 1 % NaClO (group D),and untreated (group E).Group E was used to evaluate the success of models and the baseline number in the root canal. The amount of bacteria in the root canal of all models after treatments were measured by counting the colony-forming units (CFU) in the culture dishes and bacteria reduction was analyzed by means of Chi-square test. Results: Group A, B and D showed great antimicrobial effects and reduced the CFU to 0.But group C could not kill all enterococcus faecalis.Four of 15 culture dishes of group C were empty and without any bacterial colony, but the rest were not. The antimicrobial effects between group A, B and D were the same and significantly better than group C. Conclusion: Low concentrations of NaClO do not have ability to kill all enterococcus faecalis but high concentrations of NaClO shows great antimicrobial effects. Er:YAG laser combined with low concentrations of NaClOirrigants has strong effects on disinfection of enterococcus faecalis. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Elastic Bougie Intubation during Anesthesia of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. ZHANG Dan, LI Jin-jie, GONG Ping, WANG Li, HUANG Li-li, LIU Ke-bing, ZHU Hong-fei. 2017, 33(4): 453-454.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.04.026 Abstract ( 218 )   PDF (1081KB) ( 189 )   Difficult airway is common in patients who take oral-maxillofacial surgery. Since oral cavity is needed as surgery area, emergency insufficient ventilation is common in the process of intubation or surgical, which seriously endangers the patients' safety. Endotracheal intubation elastic bougie help a lot to replace the endotracheal tube, which can well cope with the emergency need to replace the endotracheal tube. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on the Link Mechanism between Periodontitis and Coronary Heart Disease. LI Shuang, YI Gen-yun, LI Zhi-qiang, ZHOU Jian-ye. 2017, 33(4): 455-458.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.04.027 Abstract ( 322 )   PDF (827KB) ( 340 )   Periodontitis has become the most leading cause of tooth loss in adults. The survey shows that about 44%-57% and 10% of adults have moderate and severe periodontitis all over the world. Coronary heart disease (CHD) is one of the diseases with higher mortality rate, which has serious harm to human health. The main pathological basis of CHD is atherosclerosis (AS) and the thrombus which are formed due to the plaque rupture. There are some connections between periodontitis and CHD. Periodontal pathogens colonized in coronary artery and produced lots of cytokines and adhesion molecules which can cause systemic inflammation, abnormal lipid and coagulation status. They further activated innate immune system and then biological inflammation, chemical inflammation, immune inflammation formed. Ultimately, AS was formed and aggravated, followed by CHD. This paper aims to summarize newly research progress on the link mechanism between periodontitis and CHD. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Nanoscaffolds and Nanofabrication Techniques for Neural Tissue Regeneration. ZHANG Zhen, LI Ying, GENG Ya-wei, XU Dong-yang, LI De-zhi ZHANG Bin 2017, 33(4): 459-462.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.04.028 Abstract ( 274 )   PDF (813KB) ( 382 )   Tissue engineering is the promising avenue to improve neural regeneration. Functional nerve scaffolds synthesized by tissue engineering techniques present substitutes for implantation and rehabilitation of injured nerves. The scaffolds have a high degree of biomimetic and a superior rate of successful neural function construction. Particularly, the application of nanotechnology has greatly promoted the development of neural tissue engineering technology and the successful application of the technology. In this paper, we focus on the development of nano-scaffold and nanotechonlogy on the nerve tissue repair and regeneration of the nerve tissue, which is synthesized by the nano material and the biological active material, the electrospinning technology, the new 3D printing technology, and the self assembly technology. References | Related Articles | Metrics