Journal of Oral Science Research

Effects of Amorphous Calcium Phosphate on Microhardness and Polishing Performance of Resin Infiltrant.

ZHANG Hao, SUN Wei-bin, MIAO Lei-ying, Ge Jiu-yu.

2017, 33(6): 581-584. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.06.001

Abstract ( 326 )

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Objective: To investigate the effects of amorphous calcium phosphate on microhardness and polishing performance of resin infiltrant. Methods: Artificial model of dentin caries lesion was established by demineralization fluid treating on the enamel. The specimens were infiltrated by resin infiltrant or resin infiltration mixed with amorphous calcium phosphate agent. Microhardness was investigated by the microhardness tester and the polishing performance was investigated by scanning electron microscopy. Results: The microhardness of resin infiltration group was higher than that of demineralized group (P<0.05), but lower than that of normal enamel group (P<0.05). There were no statistical differences between the nano amorphous calcium phosphate group and the normal enamel group. In the resin infiltration group, the enamel was smoother with smaller amount of slide mark and smaller pores on the surface in resin infiltration group observed by scanning electron microscope. The surface was rougher with big pores in the nano amorphous calcium phosphate group. Conclusion: Resin infiltration can improve the microhardness of demineralized enamel surface. The nano amorphous calcium phosphate mixed with the resin infiltration can improve the microhardness but decrease the polishing performance.

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Effect of pH Value on Morphology of HAPw-nmZnO-nmCaO Composite Materials.

SUN Shi-jia, ZHAO-Qiang, YUAN Yan-bo, HE Wu-shu, ZHANG Wen-yun, CHEN Qing-hua, SU Jun.

2017, 33(6): 585-588. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.06.002

Abstract ( 332 )

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Objective: To investigate the effects of pH on the morphology of hydroxyapatite whisker (HAPw) modified by nano zinc oxide (nmCaO) and nano calcium oxide (nmZnO). Methods: Under the condition of 70℃, different pH=6.0, 6.2, 6.4, 6.6, 6.8, 7.0, using the zinc nitrate and calcium nitrate as the source of zinc and calcium, the hydroxyapatite whisker was modified by sol-gel method. The phase composition and surface morphology of the materials were analyzed by X ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and X ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX). Results: Under different pH conditions, the distribution of the zinc oxide and calcium oxide nanoparticles on the HAPw surface was different. The shape of nano-ZnO and nano-CaO were six crystal particle and round granular, respectively. The particles and the whiskers were bonded by chemical bonds. Conclusion: With calcium nitrate and zinc nitrate as raw materials, the hydroxyapatite whisker was modified by sol-gel method, and the optimal pH was 6.2 and 6.4.

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Effects of Arecoline on Liver Function in Oral Cancer Patients and Mice.

SUN Ying, YU Da-hai, WANG Tao, WEN Qi-tao, DENG Gui-xiang, HUANG Kang.

2017, 33(6): 589-592. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.06.003

Abstract ( 272 )

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Objective: To discuss the influences of arecoline on liver function, by comparing the liver function indexes changes of oral cancer patients with history of betel chewing or not, and the liver injury of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) mice model induced by arecoline. Methods: The liver function indexes of 50 oral cancer male cases with history of betel chewing or not, which included ALT, AST, ALP, TBIL, were detected by automatic biochemical analyzer. Forty-five mice were randomly divided into control group, drug withdrawal group, and constantly drug group. Each group had 15 mice. Drug withdrawal group and constantly drug group were fed with 1000 mg/L arecoline solution for 2 weeks, respectively. Then the drug withdrawal group was fed with aqua sterilis, while the constantly drug group was fed with arecoline solution for another 2 weeks. The control group was fed with aqua sterilis for 4 weeks. The liver function indexes which was the same as human in each group in different time-points (1, 2, 4week) were detected by the same method. The histopathological changes of mice livers were observed by HE staining. Results: Compared with the patients with no history of betel chewing, the AST and TBIL of patients with history of betel chewing increased significantly (P<0.05), while ALT and ALP had no significant change. Compared with the control group, as time prolonging, the ALT, AST, and ALP increased significantly (P<0.05) in the drug withdrawal group and constantly drug group. However, after arecoline was stopped for two weeks, ALT, AST, and ALP decreased significantly (P<0.05) in the drug withdrawal group, but TBIL showed no significant change. HE staining of each groups showed the liver injury. The injury of constantly drug group was more significant. Conclusion: The ingredients of betel quid damage liver, whose effective component may be arecoline.

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Effects of cyclic hydrostatic pressure on proliferation and ultrastructure of rat’s BMSCs.

PAN Jing-guang, ZHAO Yin, LIU Yan-zheng, ZHANG Min.

2017, 33(6): 593-596. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.06.004

Abstract ( 312 )

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Objective: Evaluate the proliferation and ultrastructure change of rat’s BMSCs under cyclic hydrostatic pressure. Methods: BMSCs was obtained from rat by the attachment culture method. Mechanical loading of BMSCs was carried out by self-developed hydrostatic pressure loading device. The pressing pressure are 0-45kPa and 0~90kPa. BMSCs were treated with pressure 1h/d for consecutive 2 days, while the controls BMSCs were treated without pressure. Proliferation capabilities of BMSCs were detected by CCK8, while the ultrastructures of BMSCs were examined by transmission electron microscopy. Results: The proliferating activation of BMSCs under cyclic hydrostatic pressure (0-45kPa and 0-90 kPa) was higher in evidence than that of control group (P<0.05). The BMSCs treated with 0-45kPa showed mild expansion of endoplasmic reticulum, and secreted collagen around the cell. However, the BMSCs treated with 0~90 kPa showed the character of apoptosis coinciding with rich matrix. Conclusion: Appropriate measure of hydrostatic pressure promotes proliferation of BMSCs, whereas overdue hydrostatic pressure may induce apoptosis of BMSCs.

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Effect of Satb2 Overexpression on Proliferation and Migration of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells.

YANG Xu, HE Li-na, PAN Shuang, LI Yang-ping, NIU Yu-mei.

2017, 33(6): 597-600. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.06.005

Abstract ( 283 )

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Objective: To study the influence of special AT-rich binding protein 2 (Satb2) overexpressionon the proliferation and migration of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). Methods: Lentiviral-mediated gene was used to transfer Satb2 overexpression into hDPSCs, while control groups were normal hDPSCs and hDPSCs infected with empty vector. Cellular proliferation was determined by CCK8 assay. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to observe the structure of microtubules. Scratch-wound assay and migration assay were used to detect the migration of Satb2-overexpressing hDPSCs. Results: After 1, 3, 5, 7 days of cultivation, the optical density (OD) in the Satb2-overexpressing hDPSCs group was significantly higher than that in the control groups (P＜0.05). The microtubules in Satb2-overexpressing hDPSCs group were more slender than those in the control groups. Scratch-wound and migration assay showed that overexpression of Satb2 promoted the migration of hDPSCs. Conclusion: Overexpression of Satb2 promoted the proliferation and migration of hDPSCs.

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Protective Effect of Erythropoietin against Salivary Gland Radiation Injury.

WANG Yue, SUN Bin, MA Xiao-zhou, LIU Kang, DU Bao-xia, YU Yang, ZHANG Wei.

2017, 33(6): 601-604. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.06.006

Abstract ( 290 )

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Objective: To investigate the protection of erythropoietin (EPO) against the radiation-induced salivary glands injury in rats. Methods: Thirty rats were divided into 3 groups, which were the control group, radiation group (IR+saline), and treatment (IR+EPO) group. The rat's head and neck received a single dose of 15Gy. EPO treatment via intraperitoneal was started 30min before irradiation and then was repeated every 48h for the first 2 weeks at dose of 3000IU/Kg at the end of irradiation. The salivary flow rate was assessed after 90 days and then the submandibular was removed to make Paraffin for HE staining, Masson staining, and immunohistochemical staining to observe the expression of PCNA. Results: The IR+EPO group's salivary secretion was greater than that of IR+saline group and exhibited less injury of gland tissue than the IR+saline group. The control group showed a higher PCNA positive cell rate than the IR+saline group. Conclusion: EPO has a good protective effect against the radiation-induced salivary gland injury.

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Study on CD16 Involved in Injury of Peripheral Nerve and Associated Hyperalgesia in Rats.

CONG Fang, NI Hui-Zhen, LI Wei-Jia, FAN Fan, JIN Hai-Wei.

2017, 33(6): 605-608. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.06.007

Abstract ( 260 )

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Objective: To investigate the dynamic expression of CD16 in the trigeminal ganglion (TG), and elucidate the potential role of neuro-immune interaction in the trigeminal nervous system that involved in the histopathological development of nerve injury and associated hyperalgesia. Methods: A rat animal mode of chronic constriction injury (CCI) was induced by placing loose chronic gut ligatures around the right infraorbital nerve (ION). The dynamic expression of CD16 in TG was demonstrated by immunofluorescence. Furthermore, the effect of CD16 on the associated hyperalgesia was detected through the correlation analysis with CGRP. Results: The expression of CD16 in the TG primary sensory neurons increased significantly at 72 hours post ION-CCI and reached the peak after 5 days. The expression of CD16 in TG neurons was significantly correlated with CGRP. Conclusion: The primary sensory neurons in the trigeminal nervous system were expressed CD16 and may involve in the histopathological development of peripheral nerve injury and associated hyperalgesia.

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Effect of Magnesium Ion on Human Periodontal Ligament Cells Osteogenic Capability in Vitro.

JIANG Yu-xi, ZHANG Jia, WEI Ling-fei, QU Wei-dong, LIU Ling-ling, SHI Fang-yu, JIANG Jiu-hui,LI Cui-ying, LIU Shu-tai.

2017, 33(6): 609-613. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.06.008

Abstract ( 476 )

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Objective: To explore the effect of Mg²⁺ on hPDLCs osteogenic differentiation capability, and to determine the appropriate concentration range of Mg²⁺ to provide the basis for choosing Mg²⁺ infuse concentration in future periodontal regeneration research. Methods: hPDLCs stimulated with the presence of Mg²⁺ at various concentrations (from 0 to 50 mmol/L) were cultured in control medium and osteogenic medium, respectively. CCK8 was used to estimate the cell proliferation level, ALP activity assays were performed to detect the ALP activity differences in each group and alizarin red staining was used to determine the calcium mineral density. The mRNA expression levels of Runx2, ALP, Col1, OPN, and Bglap in hPDLCs with Mg²⁺ at concentrations of 0 and 15 mmol/L were examined by RT-qPCR of post-osteogenic induction. The results were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Student-Newman-Keuls (SNK) test for pairwise comparisons implemented in the SPSS 16.0 software. Results: Mg²⁺ at concentrations of 10, 15, and 25 mmol/L promoted hPDLCs proliferation and ALP activity, whereas Mg²⁺ at concentrations of 35 and 50 mmol/L remarkably inhibit hPDLCs proliferation and ALP activity. Conclusion: Proper Mg²⁺ concentration (0-25mmol/L) can promote early-term osteogenic differentiation of hPDLCs and inhibit mineralization.

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Effects of Two Different Splints on Treatment of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders.

ZHANG Ling-ge, LONG Xing, CAI Heng-xing.

2017, 33(6): 614-617. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.06.009

Abstract ( 551 )

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Objective: To compare the effects of stabilization splint and reposition splint on the treatment of patients with temporomandibular joint disorders. Methods: Thirty-two patients with temporomandibular disorders were selected, in which 18 patients were treated with stabilization splint and 14 patients were treated with repositioning splint, respectively. Comparative analysis was performed before, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months after treatment for patients on the joint elastic ring and pain index (VAS). Results: After treatment, joint elastic ring and arthralgia in the two groups were significantly improved (P<0.05). No significant difference on the joint ring was found between two groups. The VAS of stabilization splint group was lower than that of reposition splint group and the differences was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Two occlusal splints can effectively treat temporomandibular joint disorders. The repositioning splint is mainly used for anterior disc displacement with reduction and the stabilization splint is better for joint pain.

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Quantitative Analysis of Serum TGF-β Isoforms in Chronic Periodontitis Patients.

LI Shuang, MENG Xiao-Xue , ZHOU Jian-Ye, YI Gen-Yun , HUANG Hui-Min, ZHANG Xiao-Feng, LI Zhi-Qiang, YU ZHAN Hai.

2017, 33(6): 618-622. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.06.010

Abstract ( 290 )

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Objective: To examine the role of TGF-β isoforms (TGF-β1, TGF-β2 and TGF-β3) in chronic periodontitis. Methods: The research subjects were divided into moderate periodontitis group (n=9), severity periodontitis group (n=18), and healthy controls (n=19). Then their serum was detected through Luminex200 based multi-analytic assay. Results: The levels of serum TGF-β1 (41053.26±8318.65)ng/L and TGF-β3(2454.58±552.73)ng/L in control group were significantly higher than those in moderate periodontitis group (32112.22±7153.87)ng/L, P＜0.01; (1991.11±532.22)ng/L, P＜0.05, respectively and severity periodontitis group (30652.89±8245.31)ng/L, P＜0.01; (1829.17±483.68)ng/L, P＜0.01. TGF-β1 and TGF-β3 were negative correlated with CAL, PD, BOP and PLI. There was a strong positive correlation between TGF-β1 and TGF-β3. Conclusion: Higher concentration of TGF-β1 in serum may have inhibitory effect on the development of chronic periodontitis. TGF-β3 also has a similar inhibitory effect and it maybe interact with TGF-β1.

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Comparative Study of Root Surface after Ultrasonic Scaling under Microscope and Under Direct Vision.

CHEN Guan-ting, LIAO Hai-qing, ZHANG Hui-hui, CAO Zheng-guo.

2017, 33(6): 623-625. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.06.011

Abstract ( 252 )

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Objective: To detect the root surface after ultrasonic scaling under microscope and under direct vision. Methods: Ten extracted teeth with periodontitis were included. Twenty samples were randomly divided into 2 groups (microscope and direct vision), evaluated by methylene blue analysis. Six extracted teeth with periodontitis and 2 healthy teeth were chosen, and divided into 4 groups. They were examined by scanning electron microscope. Results: The differences of the residual calculus between microscope group and direct vision groups were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Microscope can improve the effectiveness of ultrasonic scaling.

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Experience in Transverse Facial Cleft Repair with Symmetric Triangular Flap and Reconstruction of Orbicular Muscles of Mouth.

MIREGULI Tuersunjiang, HE Hui-jun, FU Yu-chuan, XU Yu-li, CHEN Hui-lan, KE Jin, MENG Qing-gong, JIN Hui-xi, QING Chuan-qi, LI Jian.

2017, 33(6): 626-628. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.06.012

Abstract ( 290 )

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Objective: To investigate the transverse facial cleft repair with symmetric triangular flap and reconstruction of orbicular muscles of mouth. Methods: The clinical data of 12 patients with transverse facial cleft repaired with symmetric triangular flap and reconstruction of orbicular muscles of mouth from 2013 to 2016 were collected and retrospectively analyzed. Results: All patients were followed up regularly ranging from 6 months to 3 years and all of them got the static and dynamic symmetry of oral commissure. The preoperative and postoperative indicators showed that symmetry of commissural had been well restored. One case followed up 3 years, asymmetries of form and functional activity of oral commissure was observed. Conclusion: Application of symmetric triangular flap and reconstruction of orbiculary muscles can enhance the morphology of oral commissure and contribute to functional recovering and obtain the long-term improvement of symptoms.

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Effect of Er:YAG Laser Treatment on Dentin Surface and Bonding Strength.

SONG Dan-dan, QIU Da-peng, FANG Hui-min, YU Qing.

2017, 33(6): 629-632. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.06.013

Abstract ( 265 )

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Objective: To investigate the influence of Er:YAG laser treatment on the dentin surface and bonding strength. Methods: Thirty fresh extracted molars without dental caries or restorations were collected, and enamel layer was removed with a high speed bur under flowing water. Fifty specimens were obtained by mesiodistal sectioning of each tooth and were randomly divided into 5 groups (Group A-E). Two specimens were randomly chosen from each group and were observed by scanning electron microscope. The other eight specimens in each group were bonded with light-cured composite resin and the shear bond strength was tested. Results: The highest shear bond strength was 7.11±1.73Mpa in Group C. Group E was lower than Group C. There was no significant difference between Group E and Group A, C, D. The bond strengths of Group B was the lowest, however there was no significant difference between Group B and Group C, D, E. Scanning electron microscopy showed that after acid etching, part of the dentinal tubules were open while the diameter did not increase. The boundary between the periodontal dentin and the intertubular dentine was not clear. After laser treatment and acid etching, dentin surface was clean and dentinal tubules were open. After pure laser treatment, the honeycomb, flaky-like appearance of dentin surface was clean and had no smear layer. The boundary between the periodontal dentin and the intertubular dentine was clear. Conclusion: Er:YAG laser treatment can increase the dentin resin bonding strength, but the appropriate energy parameters need to be studied in the future.

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Study on ENPP1 Gene SNP Rs6925433 Polymorphism among Uyghur Nationality in Kashgar.

GE Shu-peng, HAN Xiang-zhen, ZHOU Qi-qi, SONG Yan-yan, HE Hui-yu

2017, 33(6): 633-636. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.06.014

Abstract ( 245 )

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Objective: To explore the gene polymorphisms distribution of ectonucleotide phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1) SNP rs6925433 among Uyghur nationality in Kashgar, Xinjiang. Methods: Two hundred and thirteen oral epithelial sample cells were collected from Uyghur nationality people, gene sequencing by dideoxy-mediated chain termination method after whole-genome DNA extraction, the distribution of gene polymorphisms of this study was analyzed by DNA star and Chromas 2 software, then compared with other nationalities which had been reported. Results: Among the Uyghur nationality in Kashgar, the frequencies of rs6925433 GG, AG, and AA gene types were 28.17%,50.23%, and 21.60%, and the allele frequency of A/G were 46.71% and 53.29%. Compared with other nationalities, it was found that the frequency of GG was higher and AA was lower than Beijing Han nationality (P=0.046), and AA was higher and GG was lower than Northern and Western European (P=0.010). Conclusion: The gene polymorphisms distribution of ectonucleotide phosphodiesterase (ENPP1) SNP rs6925433 among Uyghur nationality in Kashgar was obviously different from other nationalities.

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Bone Width and Cortical Bone Thickness of Infrazygomatic Crest Analysed with Cone Beam Computed Tomography.

CHEN Li-yan, LIU Zhi-jie, YUAN Fang-lian, ZHANG Miao-miao, WANG Lan-zhu.

2017, 33(6): 637-641. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.06.015

Abstract ( 463 )

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Objective: To measure the bone width, the cortical bone thickness, and the height of maxillary sinus floor of infrazygomatic crest in adults and adolescents, and to compare the specific differences between two groups by cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: CBCT scans were taken in 30 individual normal occlusion adult volunteers and 30 adolescent Class Ⅰ patients. Multiple measurements were performed at infrazygomatic crest. The data were analyzed statistically. Results: The maximum width of infrazygomatic crest in adults and adolescents all located at the interradicular space of the maxillary second premolar and first molar. Thereafter, the values decreased gradually from root tips to basis cranii in every slice. The height of the maxillary sinus floor and infrazygomatic crest width in every slice showed a positive correlation. Conclusion: The bone width and cortical bone thickness of infrazygomatic crest in adults are thicker than those in adolescents. The infrazygomatic crest width becomes thicker as the height of maxillary sinus floor increases. Individual differences exist in the height of maxillary sinus floor. CBCT is needed in this region before inserting micro-implant anchorage.

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Effect CPP-ACP/ACFP Pretreatment on Bond Strength of Resin Cements and Dentin.

WEI Xiao-hui, LIU Li-jun, LIU Hong, SONG Xiao-qing, CHEN Tian-jie, LIU Chen-chen.

2017, 33(6): 642-645. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.06.016

Abstract ( 328 )

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Objective: To evaluate the effect of pretreatment by Casein phosphopetide-amorphic calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP)and Casein phosphoetide-amorphic calcium fluoride phosphate complexes (CPP-ACFP) on the bond strength of resin cements and resin. Methods: Thirty-six specimens were randomly divided into self-etching and total-etching group, and each group was constituted with blank group, GC group and GC plus group (n = 6). After pretreated by CPP-ACP and CPP-ACFP on day 1 and day 7, the morphology of dentin surface was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Calcium/phosphorus ratio was evaluated by energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis. A 4 mm-thick layer of Z350 resin was placed on each specimen, and the micro tensile strength was tested by the universal testing machine. The fracture mode of interface was observed. Results: results showed that the diameter of pretreatment dentin tubule decreased, and the dentin tubule almost completely closed after several times of repeated pretreatment. The Ca/P ratio changes were not statistically different between the pretreated dentin and normal dentine. The bond strengths of total-etching adhesive system (single bond2) were decreased (P<0.05) by pretreatment of CPP-ACP or CPP-ACFP. The pretreatment had no obvious effect on self-etching adhesive system (ibond). There were no differences between CPP-ACP and CPP-ACFP pretreatment in both etching adhesive systems. Stereoscopic microscope showed that the fracture mode of interface was mainly on the bonding surface. Conclusion: Pretreatment of dentine by CPP-ACP or CPP-ACFP before bonding could close the dentin tubule. Increase times of application might improve this effect. Pretreatment of dentine by CPP-ACP or CPP-ACFP had no obvious effect on self-etching adhesive system (ibond), while could reduce bond strength of total-etching adhesive system.

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Effect of Hedysari Polysaccharide on Apoptosis of Periodontal Ligament Cells Induced by LPS and the Expression of Wnt Signaling Pathway.

XU Ming, YANG Jian-bin.

2017, 33(6): 646-649. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.06.017

Abstract ( 226 )

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Objective: To study the effect of Hedysari polysaccharide on apoptosis of periodontal ligament cells induced by LPS and the expression of Wnt signaling pathway. Methods: Human periodontal ligament cells were cultured and divided into three groups, control group, LPS group with normal cell culture medium containing 10μg/mL LPS and Hedysari polysaccharide group with 10μg/mL LPS and 10μg/mL Hedysari polysaccharide. Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. Intracellular ROS levels were detected by the probe method. The activity of alkaline phosphatase and the levels of TNF-α in the cells were detected by ELISA. The levels of c-myc, β-catenin, Bax and Bcl-2 were detected by Western Blot. Results: The apoptosis rate, expression of Bax and ROS level in the LPS group were significantly higher than those in the control group and lower in Hedysari polysaccharide group (P<0.01). The levels of Bcl-2, c-myc, β-catenin and alkaline phosphatase in the LPS group were significantly lower than those in the control group and significantly higher in Hedysari polysaccharide group (P<0.01). The level of TNF-α in LPS group was significantly higher than those in the control group and Hedysari polysaccharide group (P<0.01). Conclusion: Hedysari polysaccharide can inhibit LPS induced apoptosis and the secretion of TNF-α of human periodontal ligament cells. The mechanism may relate to Wnt signaling pathway and ROS level.

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Expression and Clinical Significance of miR-146a-5p in Chronic Periapical Lesions.

SHAO Li-na, WANG Si-mo, LI Xiao-lin, QIU Li-hong, YU Bo.

2017, 33(6): 650-653. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.06.018

Abstract ( 252 )

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Objective: To compare the relative expression of miR-146a-5p in chronic periapical lesions and healthy periodontal ligaments, and discuss the role and clinical significance of miR-146a-5p in the etiology of chronic apical periodontitis. Methods: Sixteen periapical tissues from chronic apical periodontitis and 8 normal periodontal ligament tissues from extracted healthy teeth for orthodontic reasons were selected. The degree of inflammatory infiltration was detected by Hematoxylin- Eosin staining. The relative expression of miR-146a-5p was detected by real-time PCR. All the data were analyzed by SPSS 18.0 software package. Results: According to the result of HE staining, there was no inflammation in control group, but large numbers of inflammatory cells were observed in periapical lesions. MiR-146a-5p was detected by real-time PCR in two groups, and the level of miR-146a-5p relative expression in periapical lesions was significantly higher than that of the healthy periodontal ligaments (P＜0.05). Conclusion: MiR-146a-5p might closely relate to the occurrence and development of chronic apical periodontitis.

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Changes in Hard and Soft Tissues of Maxillofacial Region after Function Regulator Type 3 (FRⅢ) Treatment and Correlation of the Changes.

MENG Qiu-ju, WANG Lei-chang, DU Xi.

2017, 33(6): 654-657. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.06.019

Abstract ( 221 )

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Objective: To investigate the changes in dental, skeletal, and soft tissue of maxillofacial region after 12 months of FRⅢ treatment, and to analyze the correlation between the movement of hard and soft tissues. Methods: Twenty-two patients with functional Class Ⅲ malocclusions were included in the observation group. Thirty-eight cases with similar occlusal and skeletal characters whose age matched with the observation group at the time of diagnosis were included in the control group A. Forty-two cases with similar occlusal and skeletal characters whose age matched with the observation group after 12 months of treatment were included in the control group B. The cephalograms of patients in the observation group were taken before and 12 months after treatment, the cephalograms of patients in the control group were taken when entering hospital. The changes in indexes of hard tissue, soft tissue, and correlation between sagittal soft and hard tissues were compared. Results: Compared with the control group A, all indexes in the observation group at the time of diagnosis were not significant different. Compared with the control group B, in the observation group after 12 months of treatment, the mandible length were shorter, posterior facial height were lower, ABN were wider, SNB were narrower, MP/SN and OP/SN were wider, the index of upper lip tension were higher, nasolabial angle were wider, chin angle were wider, Z angle were narrower, and the differences above were statistical significant different (P＜0.05). In the observation group, the changes of position of upper jaw bone and upper incisors were positively correlated with the changes of position of nose bottom point, upper lip protrusion point, lower lip protrusion point and soft tissue chin point (P＜0.05). The changes of position of lower incisors were positively correlated with the changes of position of soft tissue chin point (P＜0.05). Conclusion: FRⅢ appliance can restrain the growth of mandible, promote the mandibular rotation, increase the nasolabial angle, chin angle, and reduce Z angle. The changes of soft and hard tissues have certain correlation.

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Effects of Rapamycin on Expression of MiR-30a in Inflammatory PDLSCs and Research on MicroRNA-30a Targeted Regulation of Beclin1 Gene Expression.

SHAO Jiang-hong, CHEN Fang, KONG Yu.

2017, 33(6): 658-662. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.06.020

Abstract ( 204 )

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Objective: To study the effect of rapamycin on expression of miR-30a in inflammatory periodontal ligament cells (IPDLSCs), verify the relationship of miR-30a and Beclin1, and study the mechanism of miR-30a on IPDLSCs autophagy. Methods: Cells were isolated from inflammatory periodontal ligament samples and cultured with 50ng/ml rapamycin (2 hours) and 10 nmol/L 3-methyl adenine (3-MA,12 hours), respectively. The cells were collected for total RNA. The expression levels miR-30a was detected by real-time PCR. The effect of miR-30a on Beclin1 was verified by real-time PCR, Western blot and the dual-luciferase reporter assay. Results: The expression of miR-30a in IPDLSCs treated with rapamycin was higher than that of group without rapamycin. The real-time PCR, Western blot, and the dual-luciferase reporter assay system demonstrated that miR-30a could suppress Beclin1 expression of mRNA and protein by targeting the specific 3’ untranslated region (3’ UTR) sequence of Beclin1 gene. Conclusion: MiR-30a can directly inhibit the autophagy-related gene Beclin1 expression and participate in the regulation of autophagy process in IPDLSCs.

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Role of Phosphodiesterase 4D in the Pathogenesis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

XIA Dong-jing, HUANG Ying-ying, LI Hai-peng, RUI Hang.

2017, 33(6): 663-667. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.06.021

Abstract ( 266 )

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Objective: To investigate the role of phosphodiesterase 4D in the pathogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methods: Fifty-three OSCC patients and 5 OSCC cell lines were collected, 55 healthy adults and 2 normal oral epithelial cells were used as the control. The mRNA levels of PDE4D in these samples, the proliferation of SSC25, the migration abilities, and the cell apoptosis were examined by quantitative RT-PCR, CCK-8, wounding healing assay, and flow cytometry as well as western blot, respectively. Results: The levels of PDE4D mRNA in OSCC tissue and cell lines were significant higher than that in normal control group (P<0.01); the levels of PDE4D mRNA in OSCC tissue were positively correlated with the degree of OSCC differentiation (P<0.05); the abilities of cell proliferation and migration were significantly inhibited by Rolipram; Rolipram induced a significant apoptotic changes on SCC25 cells (P<0.05). Conclusion: PDE4D plays an important role in the OSCC pathogenesis.

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Microleakage of Resin-restoration after Chewing for Half a Year in Vitro.

WEI Yu-hua, YANG Miao.

2017, 33(6): 668-670. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.06.022

Abstract ( 191 )

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Objective: To measure the microleakage of resin-restoration after chewing for half a year, and analyze the necessity of beveled margin using cyclic mechanical loading experiment. Methods: One hundred and forty fresh dissociated teeth were divided into 14 groups according to different cavity margin designs, different numbers of loading cycles (0 or 1×10⁵ times loading or 1.3×10⁶ times loading cycles), and different loading sites (the buccal cusp or the buccal interface or the restoration ). After all the cavities were filled with combined resins (3M FiltekTM P60) and entrapped, each sample received cyclic mechanical loading. Then all pieces were examined to observe the dye penetrated along the tooth-restoration interface. SPSS17.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Results: The microleakage of 1.3×10⁶ times loading group was larger than that of the 0 and 1×10⁵ times loading group. There was no significant difference among groups with beveled margin or not after 0 cyclic loading (P>0.05. After 1.3×10⁶ times loading, the microleakage of tooth loaded with beveled margin was less than that without beveled margin(P<0.05). Conclusion: After chewing for half a year, the beveled margin could reduce the microleakage of resin-restoration.

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Effects of Minimally Invasive Flapless Technique on Efficacy, Degree of Pain, and Aesthetics of Oral Implant Surgery.

SUN Yun, WANG Jing

2017, 33(6): 671-674. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.06.023

Abstract ( 243 )

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Objective: To study the effects of minimally invasive flapless technique on efficacy, degree of pain, and aesthetics of oral implant surgery. Methods: Ninety cases undergoing oral implant surgery were selected in our hospital and divided into the group A (received single tooth with conventional flap implantation) and group B (underwent minimally invasive flapless implantation), with 45 cases in each. The efficacy, degree of pain, operation time, and aesthetics were analyzed and compared between two groups. Results: The operation time and duration time of postoperative pain (13.95±0.26min and 0.63±3.65d) in group B were lower than those of group A (28.05±0.53)min and (3.74±0.42)d (P<0.05). The amount of alveolar bone resorption and height of gingiva papilla showed no significant difference between two groups. The scores of aesthetics in group B (7.46±1.25points) was higher than that of group A (13.05±1.74points) (P<0.01). Conclusion: Compared with conventional flap implantation, the minimally invasive flapless technique can shorten the operation time and reduce the degree of pain, which improves the aesthetics and achieves better clinical effects.

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Malignant Transformation of Sialadenoma Papilliferum : A Case Report.

LIU De-yu, JIAN Xin-chun, XU Pu, HUANG Xie-shan

2017, 33(6): 675-676. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.06.024

Abstract ( 228 )

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Sialadenoma papilliferum is a rare benign tumor, primarily of minor salivary gland origin. The malignant transformation of sialadenoma papilliferum is rarely reported. This is a case of malignant transformation of sialadenoma papilliferum that is arised in the gingiva. The diagnosis is confirmed through the clinical, imaging, and histopathological examinations. Eight months after excision and nodal dissection, there is no evidence of recurrence or metastasis.

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Advance in Tissue Engineering of Temporomandibular Joint Disc and Condyle.

TENG Bin-hong, ZHAO Yan-hong, YANG Qiang.

2017, 33(6): 677-680. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.06.025

Abstract ( 301 )

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Tissue engineering is a new treatment to repair the defects of temporomandibular joint (TMJ). However, current tissue engineering of TMJ is still in the start and focuses on the regeneration and repair of TMJ disc or TMJ condyle. Current research associated with these two tissue structures includes seed cells, scaffolds, and growth factors. This review is to discuss the advance in tissue engineering of TMJ disc and condyle.

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Research Progress on Orthodontic Brackets Indirect Bonding Technology.

CHANG Lin, ZHANG Duan-qiang.

2017, 33(6): 681-684. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.06.026

Abstract ( 302 )

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Indirect bonding is a technique in which orthodontic brackets are transferred from working models and bonded on the teeth using a transfer device. This article presents a review of the literature, and a discussion of pertinent issues relative to the localization of braces and the production of transfer tray.

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