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Expression of TRPAl in Rats Dental Pulp Induced by Dentin Hypersensitivity. LI Rong, WANG Yi-ning,MA Xiao. 2017, 33(7): 689-692.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.07.001 Abstract ( 249 )   PDF (1378KB) ( 231 )   Objective: To study the expression of TRPAl in the dental pulp of dentin hypersensitivity teeth after mechanical stimuli. Methods: Cavities were prepared in the lower incisors of rats. After dentin exposure, dentin hypersensitivity test was performed by probe stimulation on dentin surface everyday. After 7 days, the dentin surface was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The dental tissue was harvest and underwent further RT-PCR and Western Blot analysis to investigate the expression of TRPAl in dental pulp. Results: After tooth preparation, most of dentinal tubules were open without pulp exposure. The rats of two stimulation groups appeared dentin hypersensitivity reaction behavior. The scores were significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.01), and the intensity was increased with the intense of the behavioral reaction. The expression of TRPA1 mRNA and protein were significantly increased in the dental pulp of two stimulation groups, which was more significant with the increase of intensity of stimulation. Conclusion: TRPA1 may be an important pathogenesis factor of dentin hypersensitivity involved with mechanical stimuli. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of RGD/biomimetic Calcium Phosphate Coatings on Adhesion, Proliferation and Differentiation of MC3T3-E1 Cells on Titanium. CAO Ya-zhou, CHENG Wei, HU Qin-gang. 2017, 33(7): 693-697.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.07.002 Abstract ( 272 )   PDF (3208KB) ( 244 )   Objective: To evaluate the effect of biomimetic calcium phosphate coatings containing RGD on adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. Methods: A 2-step approach was adopted to prepare biomimetic calcium phosphate coatings on the surface of titanium. The characterization of the coatings was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffractionometry. The RGD was incorporated into coatings through co-precipitation. MC3T3-E1 cells were seeded on Ti, Ti/ biomimetic calcium phosphate coatings, and Ti/RGD/biomimetic calcium phosphate coatings, respectively. The morphology of MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on samples was observed by SEM. The attachment of MC3T3-E1 cells on various samples was determined by crystal violet staining assay. The proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells was determined by MTT after cultured for 1, 3 and 7 days. The ALP activity of the MC3T3-E1 cells was measured after cells cultured on various samples for 3, 7 and 14 days. Results: The results of SEM and crystal violet assay showed that the adhesion of cells growing on RGD/biomimetic calcium phosphate coatings was greater than that of control groups. Moreover, MTT test showed that the proliferation of cells growing on RGD/biomimetic calcium phosphate coatings was greater compared with that in control groups. In addition, the ALP activity of MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on RGD/biomimetic calcium phosphate coatings was higher than that in control groups. Conclusion: RGD/biomimetic calcium phosphate coatings can promote adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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PPARγ Regulating NF-κB Signaling Pathway in Lipopolysaccharide-induced Human Periodontal Ligament Cells. YANG Fang, CHEN Ming-yue, HU Ying-ying, WANG Chang-ning. 2017, 33(7): 698-702.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.07.003 Abstract ( 279 )   PDF (4106KB) ( 250 )   Objective: To explore the mechanism of PPARγ in periodontitis. Methods: Human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) were cultured in tissue blocks. Cells were divided into four groups. Group A: normal control group; Group B:LPS group; Group C: rosiglitazone control group; Group D: rosiglitazone group. Expression of PPARγ and NF-κB p65 were detected by western blot. Cell immunofluorescence was employed to determine the location of NF-κB p65 in hPDLCs. RNA expression of IL-1β and TNF-α was detected by realtime PCR and protein expression was detected by ELISA. Results: After stimulated by LPS, protein expression of PPARγ decreased and NF-κB p65 increased in cellular nuclei. Moreover, the RNA and protein expression of IL-1β and TNF-α were significantly increased. When stimulated by LPS and rosiglitazone, protein expression of PPARγ increased and NF-κB p65 decreased in cellular nuclei, and the RNA and protein expression of IL-1β and TNF-α significantly decreased.These difference were statistically significant (P<0.01). Conclusion: PPARγ inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced RNA expression and protein secretion of cytokines in human periodontal ligament cells via downregulation of NF-κB signaling pathway, and then regulate inflammatory responses in periodontal disease. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Cytocompatibility of Ultrasonic Micro-arc Oxidation-Dopamine-Cyclo (RGD) Coating on Pure Titanium. ZHOU Tian-yuan, LI De-chao, Li Mu-qin, Li Shan-chang, Liu Shuang, Ma Jing, Tian Lei, Yu Jia-ying, Wen Xin. 2017, 33(7): 703-706.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.07.004 Abstract ( 231 )   PDF (2061KB) ( 194 )   Objective: To discuss the effect of Cyclo (RGD) coating on the surface of pure titanium implant on the biological behavior of osteoblasts. Methods: The specimens were divided into 3 groups: pure titanium ultrasonic micro-arc-oxidation (group M); pure titanium ultrasonic micro-arc-oxidation-dopamine (group P); and pure titanium ultrasonic micro-arc-oxidation-dopamine-Cyclo (RGD) (group R). Scanning electron microscope was used to observe the surface morphology. The surface elements of three groups were analyzed by energy spectrometer. CCK-8 experiment was used to detect the adhesion rate and proliferation of osteoblasts in different time points. The spread of osteoblasts on the surface of three groups was observed by laser confocal microscopy. Results: The observation of scanning electron microscope and the spectrum of coating displayed successful loading. And the results of CCK-8 showed that the OD value of group R was higher than those of group M and group P on tested time points (P<0.05). Confocal laser microscope showed the cytoskeleton form. During the same period, the spread area and the number of microfilament and pseudopodia of both group P and group R were better than those of group M. And the group R was the most conducive to cell stretch. Conclusion: The ultrasonic micro-arc oxidation-dopamine-cyclo (RGD) coating showed a good effect on early adhesion and proliferation of osteoblasts. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction of Lentiviral Vector of Naa10 Small-interfering RNA and Its Effect on Growth of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. YANG Yang, ZHENG Jun, XU Jiang, GU Yong-qing, HUANG Jin, WANG Dan-ni, ZHU Mao-xiang, ZENG Yan. 2017, 33(7): 707-711.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.07.005 Abstract ( 253 )   PDF (1976KB) ( 156 )   Objective: To construct the effective lentiviral vector of Naa10 small-interfering RNA, and transfect it into oral squamous cell carcinoma SCC-15 cells so as to investigate its effect on the growth of SCC-15 cells. Methods: Three pairs of siRNA sequences against different parts of Naa10 mRNA were separately transfected into SCC-15 cells. The transfection efficiency was verified, and then the most effective shNaa10 sequence was cloned into pLV-shRNA. pLV-shNaa10 was verified by sequencing and co-transfected into 293T cells to obtain packaged lentivirus particles LV-shNaa10. After viral titer determination, SCC-15 cells were infected with LV-shNaa10 and the expression of Naa10p was detected by Western Blot. Growth curves were used to study the effect of Naa10 knockdown on the growth of SCC-15 cells. Results: Naa10 siRNAs could suppress Naa10 expression and the second siRNA was the most effective (P<0.005). LV-shNaa10 and LV-NC harvested from 293T cells had a titer of 1.2×109 TU/mL and 1.0×109 TU/mL, respectively. After infection with LV-shNaa10, the expression of Naa10 protein in SCC-15 cells was down-regulated (P<0.005), which could in turn markedly facilitate the growth of SCC-15 cells. Conclusion: The lentivirus-mediated Naa10 shRNA was successfully constructed, and knocking down of Naa10 could promote the growth of SCC-15 cells. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Biological Evaluation of Three-dimensional Printed β-TCP Scaffold for Jaw Reconstruction. CAO Shuai-shuai, ZHOU Miao, MIRANDA Pedro, CHE Yue-juan, CHEN Xiao-ming, LI Shu-yi, GENG Yuan-ming, YANG Xiao-bin. 1. 2017, 33(7): 712-716.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.07.006 Abstract ( 244 )   PDF (3141KB) ( 352 )   Objective: To explore the biological characteristics and in vivo osteogenesis of β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) scaffold fabricated by three-dimensional printing (3DP). Methods: β-TCP scaffolds were fabricated by robocasting. MC3T3-E1 cells were seeded onto the scaffold, then scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to characterize the surface morphology and cells’ adhesion. The proliferation and differentiation capability of the cells were assessed by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and alkaline phosphatase activities (ALP). The scaffolds incorporated with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) were implanted into the rats, while foaming-made β-TCP scaffolds were used as control. The bone formation was observed by histological examination in 6 weeks after operation. Results: The scaffold possessed a well-defined porous stereo-structure. The cell proliferation and differentiation capacity of the 3DP scaffold were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.05). Histological examination showed higher new bone formation of the 3DP β-TCP than foaming-made scaffold incorporated with rhBMP-2 (P<0.05). Conclusion: 3DP β-TCP scaffold showed an excellent biocompatibility and ectopic osteogenesis. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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TLRs and NLRs Synergistically Promote the Maturation of Dendritic Cells. LIN Zhen, LI Yu-hong. 2017, 33(7): 717-720.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.07.007 Abstract ( 234 )   PDF (5274KB) ( 194 )   Objective: To study the effect of TLRs and NLRs on the maturation of dendritic cells. Methods: The DC2.4 cells were stimulated with a single ultrapure TLR/NLR ligand or a combination of two ligands. After 24 hours, the flow cytometry was used to test the expression of CD40, CD83, CD86, CD80, and MHC-Ⅱon the surface of DCs. Results: A single TLR or NLR ligand could promote the expression of DCs surface markers, and the combined stimulation of two ligands could enhance the expression of the above markers. Conclusion: TLRs and NLRs can synergistically promote the maturation of DCs. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Establishment of Dog Model for Removing Osseointegrated Dental Implant by Thermal Stimulation. GUO Ting, MENG Fan-wen. 2017, 33(7): 721-724.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.07.008 Abstract ( 251 )   PDF (2096KB) ( 220 )   Objective: To establish an animal model to study how to remove osseointegrated dental implants by thermal stimulation. Methods: Four mongrel dogs of 1-2 years old were selected as experimental animal. The third or fourth mandibular premolars were extracted and dental implants were placed in the edentulous area after 2 months. The osseointegration was confirmed by clinical and radiological examination after 3 months. The right side of each dog was randomly selected as experimental group for thermal stimulation, and the left side as blank control group. 48±1℃ for 1min (A), 53 ± 1 ℃ for 2.5min (B), and 59 ± 1 ℃ for 3.5min (C) were used to stimulate the experimental group respectively. The probing depth (PD), modified plaque index (mPLI), implant stability quotient (ISQ), radiological manifestations, and probability to remove the implants by torque wrench of bilateral implants were observed and measured before and 4 weeks after thermal stimulation. SPSS22.0 statistical software was used to analyze the statistical data of the experiment. Results: There was no significant difference between experimental group and control group on ISQ, mPLI, and PD before and 4 weeks after stimulation A and B, and there was no obvious change in radiography. The implant could not be removed by torque wrench. Compared with the control group in stimulation C, the ISQ of the experimental group decreased significantly (P<0.05), and the X-ray shows linear low density image around the implant, and the bone density around the low density image increased slightly. But there was no significant difference in mPLI and PD. On the experimental group, the implants could beremoved with the torque of 50Ncm, and the control group could not be removed. Two months after the removal of implant, the alveolar bone healed well. Compared with the pre-operation, there was no significant change in alveolar ridge width and height. Conclusion: The dog model of removing osteointegrated implants with minimal trauma by thermal stimulation is successfully established. The animal experiment demonstrates that appropriate thermal stimulation (59 ± 1 ℃ for 3.5 min) can destroy the bone around dental implant limitedly. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Osteogenic Properties of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes/chitosan Composite Containing Zinc. QIN Bo-heng, YANG Ben, HE Dong-ning. 2017, 33(7): 725-728.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.07.009 Abstract ( 246 )   PDF (2737KB) ( 140 )   Objective: To explore whether zinc ions on the multiwalled carbon nanotubes/chitosan composite can promote proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast, and the appropriate concentration of zinc ion on the materials. Methods: The multiwalled carbon nanotubes/chitosan composites with different contents of zinc ions were prepared, and observed by scanning electron microscope. Thereinto, 0.2% zinc content of the composite was low-zinc group, 1% zinc content of the composite was medium-zinc group, 2.5% zinc content of the composite was high-zinc group, and the composite without zinc was control group. The MC3T3-E1 cells were seeded on surface of the four kinds of composites. Using MTT methods, alkaline phosphatase assay kit, ELISA, and laser scanning confocal microscope, cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity, osteocalcin level, and cell morphology were detected. Results: Scanning electron microscope picture showed that the composite material had a large number of pore structure. The proliferation of cells at 24h, 48h and 72h in the medium-zinc group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05), the low-zinc group was not significantly different from control group, and the high-zinc group was less than control group (P<0.05). Alkaline phosphatase activities at 24h, 48h, 72h in the medium-zinc group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05), the low-zinc group was not significantly different from control group, and the high-zinc group was less than control group (P<0.05). Osteocalcin level at48h in the medium-zinc group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05), the low-zinc group was not significantly different from control group, and the high-zinc group was less than control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: The middle-zinc-group composites was more favorable to the proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of Three-dimensional Structure of Bone around Pure Titanium Plasma-sprayed Cylindrical Endosseous Implants. LIU Xing-yu,LI Chang,LEI Ting-ting,ZHENG Li-ge,YU Ke. 2017, 33(7): 729-732.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.07.010 Abstract ( 243 )   PDF (2499KB) ( 206 )   Objective: To evaluate and analyze three-dimensional structure of bone around the pure titanium plasma-sprayed cylindrical endosseous implants by histomorphometric method. Methods: Bilateral mandibular teeth (P2 and P4) of two healthy adult beagle dogs were extracted. After three months, pure titanium plasma-sprayed cylindrical endosseous implants were implanted. Three months later, the dogs were sacrificed and the mandible were harvested, fixed, sliced, stained, photographed and digitized. Data were imported into computer to construct three-dimensional model and analyzed. Results: The average bone contact ratio(BCR) of the implant was (64.5±5.3)%, peaked at lingual direction and upper portion, bottomed at mesial or distal direction and bottom portion. The average BVR was (68.9±4.4)%, peaked at lingual 150-225μm zone and upper portion, bottomed at mesial or distal 0-75μm zone and bottom portion. Conclusion: The three-dimensional structure of bone around pure titanium plasma-sprayed cylindrical endosseous implants can be established. Implants can achieve good osseointegration, especially at lingual and upper portion with dense cortical bone. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Metabonomic Approach to Analyze the Pregnant Mice Plasma during Embryonic Palate Development under the Influence of Retinoic Acid. GUO Ge, YAO Shu-dong, SONG Qing-gao, WANG Fang, HE Wei. 2017, 33(7): 733-736.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.07.011 Abstract ( 205 )   PDF (2764KB) ( 200 )   Objective: To analyze the changes of pregnant mice plasma during the embryonic palate development using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technology and the principal component analysis (PCA) method through the establishment of retinoic acid induced cleft palate in C57BL/6J mice model. Methods: Pregnant mice were randomly divided into experimental group (retinoic acid) and control group (vegetable oil), during specific pregnancy with lavage of retinoic acid and vegetable oils. After pregnant mice were sacrificed, plasma samples were collected in specific pregnancy and the incidence of mice cleft palate was assessed. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer was used to determine the nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectrum diagram combined with PCA, and then the track chart of plasma metabolites changes was plotted in depict retinoic acid induced C57BL/6J pregnant mice. Results: PCA analysis showed that the track chart of plasma metabolites changes between two groups was different. Conclusion: Retinoic acid can delay the metabolism of pregnant mice plasma during embryonic development, illustrating the correlation between maternal environmental changes and embryonic development. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Titania Nanotubes with Different Diameters on Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells. XU Zhi-qiang,HUANG Si-jia,HE Yu-qi,ZOU Geng-sen,QIU Zhu-wen,CHEN Jiang. 2017, 33(7): 737-741.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.07.012 Abstract ( 223 )   PDF (4965KB) ( 198 )   Objective:To investigate the effects of titania nanotubes (TNTs) with different diameters on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Methods: TNTs with three different diameters were fabricated on Ti surfaces through electrochemical anodization. MTT method was used to determine the cell adhesion and cell proliferation abilities. Alkaline phosphatase activity, collagen secretion, and extracellular matrix mineralization were used to evaluate the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Results: TNTs with a diameter of 30 nm significantly promoted the adhesion and proliferation of BMSCs at the early stage, while there was no obvious difference at the later stage. TNTs with a diameter of 200 nm showed the best ability to promote the osteogenic differentiation. However, it clearly impaired cell adhesion and proliferation. The initial cell adhesion and cell proliferation on TNTs with a diameter of 100 nm were slightly repressed. Furthermore, they could promote the osteogenic differentiation. Conclusion: The optimal diameter of TNTs for BMSCs migth be 100nm. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Genotype of One Ectodermal Dysplasia Pedigree. WANG Lina, SHI Chun. 2017, 33(7): 742-744.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.07.013 Abstract ( 236 )   PDF (893KB) ( 196 )   Objective: To analyze the phenotype, genotype and genetic characters of ectodermal dysplasia pedigree. Methods: The ectodermal dysplasia pedigree was reported through the identified proband. All family members were interviewed and had comprehensive clinical examination. The nucleotide sequence in open reading frame of EDRA gene was studied by direct sequencing. Results: The pedigree was transmitted through autosomal dominant manner. Patients had characteristic features of ectodermal dysplasia. There was no mutation in EDAR gene. Conclusion: This family showed typical phenotype of ectodermal dysplasia. The EDAR gene was excluded for the causative gene. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Co-effects of Ethnicity and Periodontal Health Status on Oral Microbiome Diversity. MA Rui, SHI Wen, YI Gen-yun, ZHANG Xiao-feng, HUANG Hui-min, ZHOU Jian-ye, YU Zhan-hai, LI Zhi-qiang. 2017, 33(7): 745-749.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.07.014 Abstract ( 235 )   PDF (3437KB) ( 187 )   Objective: To explore the effects influenced by the status of periodontal health and different ethnicity on oral microbial diversity by high throughput sequencing. Methods: Saliva was collected from 12 periodontitis patients (5 Han and 7 Yugur) and 10 healthy sub-jects (5 Han and 5 Yugur). The total DNA of bacterias was extracted, then the sequence of 16S rRNA gene was sequenced by Illumina MiSeq high throughput sequencing platform. Results: In the UniFrac distance total variation observation, the periodontal factors only explained the variation in the unweighted analysis, and the ethnic factors just explained the variation in the weighted analysis. The interaction of the two influencing factors explained the variation in both unweighted and weighted analysis. Conclusion: Periodontal health status and ethnic factors have effects on oral microbial diversity, and there may be synergistic effects, but periodontal health status is the main factor in changing the bacterial composition. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Proactive Therapy with 0.03% Tacrolimus for Chronic Cheilitis in Children and Adolescents. MENG Wen-xia,ZHANG Lin,LI Hui-xiang,LI Ju-xiong, TANG Jie-yuan. 2017, 33(7): 750-753.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.07.015 Abstract ( 340 )   PDF (790KB) ( 502 )   Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of proactive therapy followed with the application of 0.03% tacrolimus ointment in the treatment of children and adolescents with chronic cheilitis. Methods: The experiment was divided into two stages: treatment and proactive therapy stage. In the treatment stage, forty patients were randomly divided into 2 groups, 25 cases in treatment group and 15 cases in control group. The treatment group was given compound Cl firstly, then 0.03% tacrolimus ointment. While the control group was treated with compound Cl alone twice daily for 2 weeks. Cured and markedly effective patients entered the proactive therapy stage. Proactive therapy was applied in the treatment group. The control group applied the conventional remedies with protopic, only when lesion occurred they were treated. Results: During the treatment stage, statistically significant differences were observed between the treatment and control group (P<0.05). During the proactive therapy stage, the effective rate was 100% in the treatment group, while 91.7% in the control group. The first recurrence day were 95.5±9.2 in proactive therapy group and 26.6±10.0 in the control group respectively. The recurrence rate of proactive therapy group (58.3%) was lower than that of control group (16.7%) at the second step (P<0.05). Conclusion: Proactive therapy with 0.03% tacrolimus ointment could reduce the recurrence of chronic cheilitis. It was effective and safe for children and adolescents. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Step-by-step Traction of Labial Transposition of Maxillary Canine and Lateral Incisor. GU Yu-Jia, ZHANG Wei-Bing, ZHANG Xi, YU Jian-Nan, WANG Lin, ZHAO Chun-Yang 2017, 33(7): 754-757.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.07.016 Abstract ( 238 )   PDF (3668KB) ( 224 )   Objective: To discuss cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) guided step-by-step traction of labial transposition of maxillary canine and lateral incisor. Methods: Twenty-two teenagers (26 canines) who visited Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University for treatment of labial transposition of maxillary canine and lateral incisor were selected. CBCT was taken before treatment. Canines were divided into 5 groups and treatment was simulated. Results: Nineteen canines belonged to class Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and part of Ⅳ were successfully draged. Three canines belonged to class Ⅳ or class Ⅴ replaced the extracted incisors. Two canines belonged to class Ⅳ maintained the position, and 2 canine belonged to class Ⅴ canines were extracted. Conclusion: Classifying maxillary labial transposed canine with CBCT can guide the treatment plan, therefore improve the success rate of treatment. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Prevalence and Risk Indicators for Peri-implant Disease. LI Wei-ting,PIAO Mu-zi,LI Hui, ZHANG Yi, ZHOU Hui, HU Hong-cheng, TANG Zhi-hui, LI Peng. 2017, 33(7): 758-761.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.07.017 Abstract ( 484 )   PDF (849KB) ( 536 )   Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of peri-implant disease and identify the risk indicators for peri-implantitis in Chinese population. Methods: One thousand six hundred and twelve implants in 736 patients were enrolled which were placed and restored in the second dental center of Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, mean loading period (22.64±0.92) months. The periodontal parameters including plaque index (PLI), probing depth (PD), bleeding index (BI), keratinized gingiva width (KGW), residual cement, and bone resorption were recorded. Full mouth periodontal examinations were investigated including PD, BI, and missing teeth. The diagnosis of peri-implantitis and peri-implant mucositis were according to the definition in the consensus report of the Seventh European Workshop on Periodontology. Periodontal status around implants was compared among different implant systems and different loading periods. The associations between PLI, PD, BI, KGW, cement around implant, periodontal status of residual teeth, missing teeth, and peri-implantitis were analyzed by logistic regression. Results: Peri-implant mucositis (bleeding on probing (BOP) and no bone loss) occurred in 81.90% of the subjects and 83.60% of the implants. Peri-implantitis (BOP and bone loss) occurred in 4.50% of the subjects and 3.70% of the implants. The prevalence of peri-implantitis showed no significant difference among Straumann, Bicon, 3i and Nobel Replace system. The prevalence of peri-implantitis in group loading 0.5-1 year and 5-7.5 years were significant lower than those in groups loading1-2, 2-3, 3-4, and 4-5years (P<0.05). In the multivariate analysis, missing teeth, mean PD round implant, and mean BI round implant were significant risk indicators for peri-implantitis, after adjusting gender, age, smoking, residual cement, and KGW. Conclusion: The prevelence of peri-implant mucositis was high, the prevelence of peri-implantitis was not increased according to the extension of loading period. It is important to control the probing depth and bleeding on probing around implant to avoid peri-implantitis. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Uygur Medicine Maizhuni on IL-1β in Crevicular Fluid and Periodontal Index in Peri-implantitis. Gulizainv·Yibulayin, Tuxunayin·Adili,REN Jia-hui,YANG Chao,Nijiati·Tuerxun 2017, 33(7): 762-765.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.07.018 Abstract ( 227 )   PDF (788KB) ( 194 )   Objective: To explore the effect of Uygur medicine Maizhuni on IL-1β in crevicular fluid and periodontal index in peri-implantitis. Methods: One hundred patients at the age of 18-55 years were divided into two groups (control group and experimental group). Patients in both groups received oral amoxicillin before surgery. Seven days after suture removal. IL-1β, plaque index, and bleeding index were measured. Patients in the experimental group received four courses of maizhuni treatment. One month later, IL-1β, plaque index and bleeding index were re-measured. Results: IL-1β was significantly reduced in the experimental group (P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the plaque index. Conclusion: Maizhuni may be used to treat peri-implantitis. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical Application of Handpiece Surgical Guide Based on 3D Printing Technology. ZHOU Yong, CHEN Wan-lu, HUANG Wen-xiu, WU Dong, XIAO Yan-jun, LIN Dong, GUO Jian-bin, JIANG Jian-hui, HE Bing-wei, CHEN Jiang. 2017, 33(7): 766-769.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.07.019 Abstract ( 273 )   PDF (1653KB) ( 308 )   Objective: To design a handpiece surgical guide and to evaluate its clinical effect and accuracy using CBCT technology and 3D printing. Methods: We designed and manufactured handpiece surgical guide with Mimics, Simplant and other softwares. The patients were carried surgery and divided into sleeve guide group (group A) and handpiece guide group (group B). we analyzed the deviation (entry, apical, vertical, and axis)between virtual and actual implants on preoperative and postoperative CBCT data. Results: Ninety-two implants were inserted into 15 patients, including 44 implants for group A and 48 implants for group B. The deviations of entry, apical, vertical, and axis were (0.82 ± 0.47) mm, (0.97 ± 0.47) mm, (0.81 ± 0.43) mm, and (7.89 ± 4.26)°, respectively. According to the analysis of variance, the statistical test found no significant difference in apical, vertical and axis between the two groups. Conclusion: There is no significant difference in accuracy between sleeve guide and handpiece guide. A combination of sleeve guide and handpiece guide is advocated. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Outcome Evaluation of 106 Cases of Apical Microsurgery Retrofilled with MTA. QIU Xiao-ling, JIA Bo, HAN Jiu-song, CHU Hong-xing, SUN Shu-yu. 2017, 33(7): 770-773.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.07.020 Abstract ( 269 )   PDF (4492KB) ( 315 )   Objective: To analyze the clinical effect of apical microsurgery retrofilled with MTA in treatment of chronic apical periodontitis and provide references for the clinic treatment. Methods: One hundred and six patients (146 teeth) who received apical microsurgery in our hospital were followed up for one year. Surgical treatment included root-end resection, retropreparation with ultrasonic microtips, and root-end filling with MTA. All patients were reviewed after one year, and the clinical and radiographical examination were performed. Chi-square test was used to analyze the results. Results: The one year success rate was 95.9% (140/146). Gender, age, tooth position, and lesion diameter had no significant influences on the outcome of apical microsurgery. Five cases were failed because of root fracture and severe periodontitis. Conclusion: Effect of apical microsurgery retrofilled with MTA in the treatment of persistent chronic periapical periodontitis is satisfactory. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence of Four Kinds of Post-cores on Color of Lava All Ceramic System. XIAO Dan, YAO Yuan, HUANG Feng, LIU Ying-lu, HE Jian-hui 2017, 33(7): 774-776.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.07.021 Abstract ( 246 )   PDF (770KB) ( 212 )   Objective: To study the influence of four kinds of post-cores on the color of Lava zirconia all ceramic system. Methods: An intact extracted maxillary central incisor was selected and excised 2mm coronal to the enamel-cementum. The tooth received endodontic treatment and root canal preparation. Four kinds of post-cores were prepared (n=10). Lava zirconia crowns were manufactured to fit the post-cores. The thicknesses of inner crown and enamel porcelain were 0.5 mm and 0.7 mm respectively. The color parameters (L*, a* and b*) of the middle 1/3 of the crown were measured by the CM-700d spectrophotometry. The values of L*, a*, and b* were compared by an ANOVA and a LED test, and the △E was calculated. Results: There were significant differences on the values of L*, a*, and b* in four groups (P<0.05). The color difference of three teeth-color groups could not be identified by the naked eye (△E<1.5). While the △E values in the Co-Cr alloy post-cores group was beyond the clinical accepted level (△E > 2). Conclusion: The metal alloy post-core was not recommended for Lava zirconia crown, especially in the anterior area. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Prediction of Incisors Root Resorption Caused by Impacted Maxillary Canines. ZHU Yu, KANG Qi-chao, YAN Xiu-lin. 2017, 33(7): 777-781.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.07.022 Abstract ( 228 )   PDF (3482KB) ( 245 )   Objective: To establish an equation to predict the incisors root resorption caused by impacted canines using two-dimensional radiography and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: Objects complying with relevant standard were collected. Subjects were divided into incisor root resorption group and non-resorption group according to the resorption condition of adjacent incisors. Each patient took panoramic radiograph, lateral cephalometric radiograph, and CBCT. Results: The indicators related to incisors root resorption was identified, and then the prediction equation was established according to the results. Conclusion: The incisors root resorption caused by impacted maxillary canines can be explored by the measurements of panoramic radiograph and lateral cephalometric radiograph. The high accuracy rate of central incisors prediction equation indicates that the equation can guide clinical practice. However, the low accuracy rate of lateral incisors prediction equation implies negative information. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical Trial of Guided Tissue Regeneration Membrane in Repairing Alveolar Bone Defect Secondary to Tooth Extraction. LUO Zheng-wen, LIU Ji-yuan, LI Jia, PAN Jian. 2017, 33(7): 782-786.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.07.023 Abstract ( 331 )   PDF (1541KB) ( 590 )   Objective: To explore the efficacy and safety of suided tissue regeneration membrane (GTRM) in repairing alveolar bone defect secondary to tooth extraction. Methods: A randomized, open, parallel, positively controlled (Bio-gide) clinical trial was performed. The major index for evaluating efficacy was imaging examination. The secondary indexes for evaluating efficacy were surgical wound healing, rejection reaction, changes of bone metabolism, and bone infection signs. The incidence of adverse reaction was recorded for safety evaluation. Results: Forty cases were included and 39 cases completed the clinical trial. The effective rates of imaging examination in GTRM and Bio-gide group were 89.47% and 95%, respectively. The wound healing time of both groups was less than 12 days. No rejection reaction, bone metabolic change, and bone infection sign were observed. The incidences of adverse events in ADM group and Bio-gide group were 5.00% and 0.00%, respectively. Conclusion: No significant difference was found as to efficacy and safety in repairing bone defect secondary to tooth extraction between GTRM group and Bio-gide group. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Bicon Implant and Maxillary Sinus Inner Lift Technology for Upper Posterior Missed Teeth. ZHONG Zhi-hua, TANG Yi, SHI Bin. 2017, 33(7): 787-789.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.07.024 Abstract ( 242 )   PDF (1348KB) ( 321 )   Objective: To evaluate the clinical effect of Bicon implant combined with maxillary sinus inner lift technology for upper posterior missed teeth. Methods: Retrospectively study was used to check the prosthetic effect of 20 Bicon implants in 13 patients. Clinical examination and CBCT were taken to learn the successful rate of Bicon implants under the condition of lack of bone mass. Results: All 20 Bicon implants were steady with 2~5mm sinus inner lift and no maxillary sinus mucosa perforation was happened under clinical examination. CBCT showed that bones around all implants were not absorbed. Conclusion: Bicon implant combined with maxillary sinus inner lift technology can successfully restore upper posterior missed teeth with bone defect. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Sebaceous Carcinoma of Parotid Gland: A Case Report. WANG Chen, FENG Xue-feng, WANG Ru. 2017, 33(7): 790-791.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.07.025 Abstract ( 476 )   PDF (1457KB) ( 220 )   This paper reports a case of sebaceous gland carcinoma of the parotid gland. The patient was male, 67-years-old with the painless mass in the right parotid region for 1 year. Special examination showed a 2cm×2cm×1.5cm tumor located in the right parotid region. Computed tomography (CT) revealed a superficial parotid mass with obscure boundary. Histopathologically, clear cells and foamy cells arranged in nests, adenoid or flake. Immunohistochemical examination demonstrated ACTIN(-), CK(+), GFAP(-), P63(+), S-100(-) and Vinmentin(-). The diagnosis was sebaceous carcinoma of the parotid gland. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress of Regulator of Streptococcus Mutans Glucosyltransferase. QIU Yuan-xin, FANG Shao-wei, QIN Zong-chang. 2017, 33(7): 792-794.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.07.026 Abstract ( 382 )   PDF (786KB) ( 632 )   Glucosyltransferase (GTF) is secreted by streptococcus mutans inhabited in the oral cavity. It synthesizes glucans which provide binding sites for a succession of bacteria on hard surfaces. Therefore, inhibition of formation and accumulation of cariogenic biofilm communities by affecting glucosyltransferase is an attractive route to prevent both dental caries. This article reviews the regulators of gene transcription of glucosyltransferase. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Sheet Technology and Its Application. QIN Hao, XU Qian. 2017, 33(7): 795-798.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2017.07.027 Abstract ( 314 )   PDF (811KB) ( 321 )   Bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) were easy to obtain. The cells grew well with adherence and had good film forming ability. It was an ideal seed cell in modern tissue engineering technology. Because of its good differentiation ability, the BMSCs membrane was widely used in tissue regeneration. The common used BMSCs membranes included monolayered cell sheet, co-culture cell sheet, multilayered cell sheet, three-dimensional culture of cell sheet, cell sheet fragments, and etc. The aim of this article was to review the method of cell membrane construction of BMSCs and the application of BMSCs in tissue engineering. References | Related Articles | Metrics