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28 September 2020, Volume 36 Issue 9 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Application of Superhydrophobic Materials in Stomatology MA Jianfeng, JIN Xiaoting 2020, 36(9): 803-807.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2020.09.001 Abstract ( 474 )   PDF (2043KB) ( 541 )   Superhydrophobic materials has unique properties such as hydrophobicity, self-cleaning, and antibacterial effects, whose surface water contact angle (WCA) was more than 150° and rolling angle was less than 10°. In recent years, with the in-depth study of superhydrophobic materials, its application in the medical material field has gradually increased, which also points out the direction to design and development of new materials for stomatology. This article reviews the application of superhydrophobic materials in stomatology, with hope to lay the solid foundation for its usage in this field. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress of PRF in Periodontal Regeneration SUN Tao, HE Hongbing 2020, 36(9): 808-810.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2020.09.002 Abstract ( 388 )   PDF (738KB) ( 316 )   Periodontal tissue regeneration is always a difficult and hot point in the treatment of periodontitis. PRF is a second-generation autologous platelet plasma product containing cells, growth factors, and fibrin biological scaffolds. In recent years, the physical and chemical properties of PRF have changed due to LSCC guided preparation procedure, and some new branches have been formed. PRF is close to the ideal microenvironment system of tissue regeneration in terms of biological signaling molecules, biological scaffolds, and blood supply, which can promote the revascularization and tissue healing. PRF can be used in combination with drugs and cells to promote the occurrence of periodontal tissue regeneration. This paper will review the researches of PRF in periodontal tissue regeneration in recent years. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Relationship between Statins and Periodontitis LIU Yue, WANG Lei 2020, 36(9): 811-813.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2020.09.003 Abstract ( 276 )   PDF (725KB) ( 381 )   Statins, which can reduce the formation of cholesterol, are mainly used to treat cardiovascular diseases such as hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis. In recent years, studies have found that these drugs have anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and angiogenic effects, and promote the formation of osteoblasts. These characteristics provide great potential for statins to treat chronic inflammatory diseases such as periodontitis. In this paper, the mechanism of statin therapy for periodontitis and related in vivo and in vitro studies are discussed. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Periosteal Releasing Technologies in Guided Bone Regeneration CHENG Lu, SHI Jianjie 2020, 36(9): 814-816.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2020.09.004 Abstract ( 283 )   PDF (726KB) ( 286 )   Guided bone regeneration (GBR) is a clinically well-established method to augment the alveolar bone before or during implant placement. One of the key factors to achieve successful GBR is attaining tension-free primary closure. A variety of periosteal releasing tools and technologies emerge aiming at gaining primary closure. This article reviews the application of several kinds of periosteal releasing tools and technologies as well as their clinical protocol, advantage, and disadvantage. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) Copolymer Microspheres in Bone Tissue Engineering WANG Jianqun, ZHANG Bin 2020, 36(9): 817-820.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2020.09.005 Abstract ( 287 )   PDF (919KB) ( 255 )   As a kind of composite material, Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) copolymer has biocompatibility, low toxicity, and the ability to encapsulate and protect biological factors. Based on the physical and chemical properties of PLGA, the synthesis of PLGA microspheres and its application in bone tissue engineering are reviewed in this paper, with hope to provide reference for the application of PLGA in bone tissue engineering. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Shape of Gubernacular Canals in Relation to Impaction of Mandibular Third Molars Assessed by CBCT LIU Pei, WANG Fang, LI Bo, WEI Lili, CHENG Yong 2020, 36(9): 821-824.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2020.09.006 Abstract ( 263 )   PDF (1380KB) ( 328 )   Objective: To evaluate the shape of gubernacular canals (GCs) and its relation to impaction of mandibular third molars by CBCT. Methods: 76 CBCT image data of mandibular third molars were included. The long diameter, short diameter, ratio of them, and angulation of GCs to tooth axis were measured and analyzed. Results: There was no statistical difference in long diameter, short diameter, and ratio of them between the groups. The angulation of GCs to tooth axis: normal eruption > mesioangular impaction > horizontal impaction. The long diameter, short diameter, and angulation of GCs to tooth axis were related to the age in mandibular third molars. Conclusion: CBCT can accurately measure the shape of GCs. The angulation of GCs to tooth axis differs in mandibular third molars with different impactions. The absence of GCs, and/or an abnormal angle to the long axis of the tooth may suggest the abnormal eruption. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Smoking Factor on Classification of Alveolar Bone in Maxillary Central Incisors——CBCT Study YU Huimin, XU Duoling 2020, 36(9): 825-829.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2020.09.007 Abstract ( 185 )   PDF (1046KB) ( 153 )   Objective: To measure the distance from the CEJ to the FBC and the thickness of the BBW in the maxillary central incisors under the influence of smoking, gender, age, and root position in the alveolar bone. Methods: The patients were divided into two groups by smokers and non-smokers. They were grouped according to gender, age, and root sagittal position in the alveolar bone (general three types: buccal type, middle type, and palatal type, and the buccal type was further classified into three subtypes: subtype Ⅰ, subtype Ⅱ, and subtype Ⅲ). BBW thickness was measured at the following points: the 4 mm apical to the cemento-enamel junction, mid-root, and apex. The distance from CEJ to FBC was also evaluated. Results: CBCT data of the maxillary central incisors of 645 patients (645 incisors, including 323 males and 322 females) were selected and analyzed. The average age of the patients was (38.09±11.78) years, male: (39.47±12.80) years; female: (36.70±10.51) years. The CEJ-FBC distance was significantly higher in the smokers (2.54±0.78) mm than that in the non-smokers (2.29±0.69) mm (P<0.05). Among the subtypes, the CEJ-FBC distance in the smokers was significantly higher than that in the non-smokers (P<0.05). Conclusion: During the immediate implantation, the height of alveolar crest and the thickness of BBW need to be accurately measured by CBCT. Smoking is an important factor to be considered. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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CBCT Study of Radicular Grooves and Root Canal Morphology of Mandibular First Premolars with C-shaped Roots YANG Lvli, SHEN Site, CHEN Xiaoling, LIN Yao 2020, 36(9): 830-834.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2020.09.008 Abstract ( 266 )   PDF (2392KB) ( 375 )   Objective: To investigate the radicular grooves and root canal morphology in mandibular first premolars that exhibit a C-shaped root using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: CBCT images of 65 patients (130 mandibular first premolars) with C-shaped roots from a sample of 600 patients were selected. The location, number of the radicular grooves, configuration, and symmetry of bilateral canal classification were analyzed. Results: The occurrence rate of C-shaped roots canal was 8.9%. All of 107 C-shaped root had radicular grooves, most of which (89.7%) were located at the mesiolingual surface of the root as a single groove. 93 of the grooves (86.9%) located in the middle third, followed by the apical third (12.1%). The incidence of type C3 of root canal systems at the deepest part of the radicular grooves was 71.0%, while 64.6% of C-shaped mandibular first premolar had bilateral canal symmetry. Conclusion: The mandibular first premolars have a high prevalence of canal variation such as C-type canal system. Understanding the anatomic features of the radicular grooves and the internal root canal system is essential for successful endodontic treatment. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Relationship between Ala-tragus Line and Occlusal Plane YANG Jiadi, LI Ning, BIAN Ce, WANG Xu 2020, 36(9): 835-838.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2020.09.009 Abstract ( 308 )   PDF (818KB) ( 331 )   Objective: To compare the relationship of the occlusal plane and different Ala-tragal lines. Methods: 125 students (36 males and 89 females) with complete natural dentition and class I occlusal relationship were selected to place the plane gage in their mouths. After taking lateral photos with digital camera, the included angles between the occlusal plane and middle point of ala-upper point of tragus (A1-T1), middle point of ala-middle point of tragus (A1-T2), middle point of ala-lower point of tragus (A1-T3), lower point of ala-upper point of tragus (A2-T1), lower point of ala-middle point of tragus (A2-T2), lower point of ala-lower point of tragus (A2-T3) were measured. Results: There was no parallel between the occlusal plane and six kinds of Ala-tragus lines. There was a statistical difference between the two angles and 0° (P<0.001), but the intersection angle between A1-T2 and the occlusal plane was the smallest (2.80°), and there was no statistical difference between A1-T1, A1-T2, A2-T3, and the occlusal plane (P>0.05). Conclusion: The middle point of the ala-the middle point of the tragus, the middle point of the ala-the upper point of the tragus, and the lower point of the ala-the lower point of the tragus can be used as the marker line of the plane of location. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Extracts from “Red Complex” Periodontal Pathogens on Osteogenic Differentiation Capacity of Human Periodontal Ligament Cells ZHOU Hejie, LI Shenghong, PENG Peizhao, TANG Rong, LI Ailian, ZENG Jin 2020, 36(9): 839-843.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2020.09.010 Abstract ( 200 )   PDF (2376KB) ( 145 )   Objective: To evaluate the effects of extracts from “Red Complex” periodontal pathogens on osteogenic differentiation capacity of human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs). Methods: hPDLCs were isolated and primary cultured from first premolars extracted from orthodontic patients. The primary cultured cells were verified by immunofluorescence and osteogenic induction methods. The model of “Red Complex” was set by co-culturing Pg, Td, and Tf in vitro, and was verified by SEM. Soluble bacterial extracts obtained from “Red Complex” was used to investigate the effects of “Red Complex” periodontal pathogens on the ALP activities, osteogenic related genes expression, and mineralization of hPDLCs by performing ALP assay, RT-PCR, and Alizarin Red staining. Results: Under the stimulation of 100 μg/mL bacterial extracts, the ALP activities, expression of osteogenic related genes ALP, Runx2, OPN, and COL1, and mineralization of hPDLCs were significantly decreased. Conclusion: “Red Complex” periodontal pathogens inhibited the osteogenic differentiation capacity of hPDLCs. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Puerarin on Alveolar Bone Resorption and OPG/RANKL/RANK Pathway in Rats with Periodontitis Based on IL-23/Th17 Inflammatory Axis ZHANG Li, LIU Yusong, WU Yunfei, FU Qiya 2020, 36(9): 844-849.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2020.09.011 Abstract ( 241 )   PDF (2177KB) ( 248 )   Objective: To investigate the effects of Puerarin on alveolar bone resorption and protein osteoprotegerin (OPG)/nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL)/NF-κB receptor activating factor (RANK) pathway in rats with periodontitis through interleukin 23 (IL-23)/T helper cell 17 (Th17) inflammatory axis. Methods: The SD male periodontitis rats were set up and randomly divided into control group, model group, and puerarin group, with 20 in each group. After 14 days of Puerarin administration, the pathological changes of periodontal tissues and cementum enamal junction to alveolar crest (CEJ-AC) were observed; osteoclasts were counted by HE staining and tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining, the proportion of Th17 cells in peripheral blood was detected by flow cytometry, the expressions of IL-23 and interleukin 17 (IL-17) in serum were detected by ELISA, and Western blot was used to detect the expressions of OPG, RANKL and RANK in periodontal tissues. Results: Compared with the control group, the CEJ-AC, osteoclast, Th17 cell ratios, serum IL-23, IL-17 levels, RANKL, RANK, and RANKL/OPG protein levels in the model group and puerarin group were significantly higher (P<0.05), while the level of OPG protein was significantly lower (P<0.05); compared with the model group, the CEJ-AC, osteoclast, Th17 cell ratios, serum IL-23, IL-17 levels, RANKL, RANK, and RANKL/OPG protein levels in puerarin group were significantly lower (P<0.05), while the level of OPG protein was significantly higher (P<0.05). Conclusion: Puerarin may up-regulate OPG expression, down-regulate RANKL and RANK protein expressions through IL-23/Th17 inflammatory axis, so as to control alveolar bone absorption, and promote alveolar bone repair and reconstruction in rats with periodontitis. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Combined Application of BMP-2 and TGF-1α on Bone Formation in Maxillary Sinus Lifting in Dogs MA Dong, LIU Xin, LIU Yajun, DING Ruyuan, YANG Gang, CHEN Yongxiang, WANG Yuanyin 2020, 36(9): 850-854.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2020.09.012 Abstract ( 161 )   PDF (3058KB) ( 146 )   Objective: To test the effects of BMP2 and TGF-1α on bone differentiation of canine bone marrow stem cells in vitro, and verify it in vivo. Methods: BMP2 and TGF-1α were overexpressed by constructing lentivirus, and then combined with BIOSS bone meal and implanted into the maxillary sinus of dogs. New bone formation and biological stability (by ISQ) were detected. Results: Bone formation in the combined application of BMP2 and TGF-1α group was significantly higher than those of other groups, and the same as biological stability. Conclusion: The application of BMP2 and TGF-1α can significantly promote bone formation, which has clinical application prospects. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Three-dimensional Finite Element Analysis of Implant-supported Removable Partial Overdenture for Kennedy ClassⅠDentition Defect with Different Bone Types GOU Xiaorui, ZHOU Zheng, JIANG Dandan, CHEN Miaomiao, JI Dong 2020, 36(9): 855-860.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2020.09.013 Abstract ( 203 )   PDF (4031KB) ( 141 )   Objective: To explore the stress relationship between the attachment of implant overdenture for Kennedy class Ⅰ dentition defect and different bone quality by three-dimensional finite element method. Methods: A finite element model of mandibular first premolar to second molar loss was established. Eight models were constructed according to bone type and attachment type: Locator-Ⅰ, Locator-Ⅱ, Locator-Ⅲ, Locator-Ⅳ, Magfit-Ⅰ, Magfit-Ⅱ, Magfit-Ⅲ, and Magfit-Ⅳ. The stress distribution of each component was analyzed to obtain the maximum von Mises stress value and displacement value. Results: Three-dimensional finite element models of tooth tissue, periodontal tissue, mucoperiosteum, implant, attachment, removable partial denture, cortical bone, and cancellous bone were established. Regardless of the type of attachment and the direction of loading, the maximum equivalent stress values of cortical bone and implant-bone interface in different bone types were Ⅰ<Ⅱ<Ⅲ<Ⅳ, and the maximum equivalent stress values of cancellous bone were Ⅱ>Ⅲ>Ⅳ. When applied vertical force, maximum equivalent stress values of cortical bone, implant-bone interface, and cancellous bone in each type of bone were Magfit model > Locator model, and the opposite in the non-vertical direction. Conclusion: Compared to Locator attachment, Magfit magnetic attachment is more suitable for the osteoporotic bone type. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathway on Proliferation, Migration, and Odontogenic Differentiation of hDPSCs GUAN Mengying, HE Lina, PAN Shuang, LI Yanping, LIU Huimei, NIU Yumei 2020, 36(9): 861-865.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2020.09.014 Abstract ( 261 )   PDF (1852KB) ( 177 )   Objective:To investigate the effects of canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway on proliferation, migration, odontogenic differentiation, and mineralization of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). Methods: The optimal concentration of DKK1 was chosen to inhibit Wnt signaling pathway and treated hDPSCs. The proliferation and migration of hDPSCs were determined by MTT and scratching assay. The effects of DKK1 on odontogenic differentiation of hDPSCs were detected by Western Blot and ALP staining. Alizarin red was carried out to explore the effects of DKK1 on the mineralization ability of hDPSCs at the early stage of mineralization. Results: MTT test showed that the A of hDPSCs in the DKK1 group was higher than that in the control group on the 5th day(P<0.05). Scratching assay showed that the cells migrated from the scratch edge to the middle, and after 24h the cell migration distance of the DKK1 group was significantly larger than that of control group. Alizarin red staining showed that multiple mineralized nodules at various sizes were observed in the DKK1 group. Western blot results showed that DKK1 up-regulated the protein expression of DMP-1. Conclusion: Inhibiting canonical Wnt signaling pathway promoted the proliferation, migration, odontogenic differentiation, and mineralization of hDPSCs. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Fluoride Exposure on Cell Proliferation and Osteogenic Differentiation of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells QIU Yinfeng, TANG Ying, SHEN Yifen, LIU Chao, SHEN Hao, GU Yongchun, YU Jinhua 2020, 36(9): 866-870.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2020.09.015 Abstract ( 194 )   PDF (3878KB) ( 137 )   Objective: To disclose the biological effects of fluoride (F) exposure on cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs). Methods: PDLSCs were isolated and cultured from human periodontal ligament tissues. The surface markers of passage 3 cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. After treated with different concentrations of F (0.1-40 mg/L) for indicated period of time, the effects of F exposure on cell proliferation (CCK-8 assay), capability of colony-forming, cell circle phase changes (flow cytometry), as well as the osteogenic potential (Alizarin red staining and Western blot assay of expression of RUNX2 and ALP) were examined. Results: F exposure affected the cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs in a dose- and time-dependent manner. 0.1-10 mg/L F did not significantly affect cell proliferation (P>0.05), while 0.1 and 1 mg/L F significantly enhanced the osteogenic potential, which manifested as increased calcified nodules and upregualtion of RUNX2 and ALP expression (P<0.05). High dose of F (20 and 40 mg/L) significantly inhibited the cell proliferation (P<0.05), exhibiting remarkable cytotoxicity. Conclusion: F exposure affects the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs. High concentration of F inhibits the proliferation of PDLSCs, while low F concentration (0.1 and 1 mg/L) has no significant effect on the proliferation of PDLSCs, and can promote cell osteogenic differentiation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction and Characterization of TiO2 Nanotube Coating with Controlled Releasing Antibacterial Peptide MIAO Qiang, ZHENG Yafei, XIA Yuning, ZHANG Wei, WANG Jing, MA Sai, MA Chufan 2020, 36(9): 871-874.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2020.09.016 Abstract ( 191 )   PDF (2676KB) ( 158 )   Objective: To construct a TiO2 nanotube coating that can release antibacterial peptide in a controlled manner on the surface of titanium. Methods: TiO2 nanotubes were constructed on the surface of titanium by anodizing. The antibacterial peptide HHC-36 was combined with poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) microspheres, and they were loaded on the TiO2 nanotubes by double solvent emulsification and volatilization technology. The morphology of the specimens was observed with SEM. Release curve of the antibacterial peptide was investigated. The antibacterial activity of the experimental material was tested by observing and measuring the inhibition zone. Results: TiO2 nanotubes with diameter of (100±20) nm were constructed on the surface of titanium. After PLGA-HHC-36 was loaded on the TiO2 nanotube, microspheres with small pores could be observed with SEM. The experimental specimens showed sustained release of HHC-36 that lasted for at least 15 days. An inhibition zone with a diameter of 14 mm was observed around the experimental specimen and the inhibition zone showed no visible change after 10 days. Conclusion: A TiO2 nanotube coating that can release antibacterial peptide in a controlled manner was successfully constructed on the surface of titanium. The experimental material revealed long-lasting antibacterial property. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction of Water-soluble Farnesol Nano-micelle and Its Antibacterial Effect on Streptococcus Mutans ZHAO Xia, XU Jiahao, XIA Shang, ZHANG Chen, WANG Wanchun 2020, 36(9): 875-878.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2020.09.017 Abstract ( 180 )   PDF (1529KB) ( 206 )   Objective: To construct water-soluble Farnesol nano-micelle and study its antibacterial effect on streptococcus mutans. Methods: Farnesol micelles were prepared by emulsion solvent diffusion method. Particle size, polymer dispersion coefficient (PDI), and zeta potential were measured by Marvin laser particle size analyzer. It’s stability, water solubility, and in vitro release behavior were investigated. The effect of Farnesol nano-micelles on the morphology of streptococcus mutans plaque biofilm was evaluated by SEM. The calcium ion concentration in the bacterial suspension was detected by microplate method, and the inhibitory effect of Farnesol nano-micelles on acid production and enamel demineralization of streptococcus mutans was investigated. Results: Farnesol nano-micelle aqueous solution was clarified without precipitation. The particle size was (19.78±0.21) nm, the zeta potential was (-12.2±0.4) mV, the PDI was (0.089±0.040), the drug loading was (8.3±0.5) %, the encapsulation rate was (46.89±1.10) %, and the cumulative release was 70% at 12h. The nanometer micelle could inhibit the formation of plaque biofilm by streptococcus mutans, reduce the acid-producing capacity, and inhibit the demineralization of enamel in a concentration-dependent way. Conclusion: Farnesol micelles are well prepared and have the characteristics of water solubility, stability, and slow release. It can inhibit the growth of streptococcus mutans and reduce its acid producing capacity, which has important clinical value for the prevention and treatment of caries. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Aromatic Amino Acids on Growth, Fluorescence, and Color Properties of Hydroxyapatite ZHANG Kainan, GUO Yaru, CAI Xinjie, JIANG Tao, WANG Yining 2020, 36(9): 879-884.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2020.09.018 Abstract ( 184 )   PDF (2148KB) ( 177 )   Objective: To study the effects of three aromatic amino acids (AAA) on the growth, color, and fluorescence characteristics of hydroxyapatite (HA) crystals, and to provide ideas for the development of dental color materials. Methods: The hydrothermal method was used to synthesize HA and AAA complex (HA-AAA) as test group. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ultraviolet spectrophotometer (UV), color, Raman, and DIAGNOdent were used to detect the sample. Pure HA samples were synthesized in the same way as control group. The crystallinity index (CI), relative carbonate content (RCC), whiteness value W*, Raman relative intensity (RRI), laser-induced fluorescence intensity (FI), full height at half maximum (FWHM), and DD value of DIAGNOdent were calculated and analyzed. Results: The CI and RRC values of HA-AAA were significantly lower than those of the test group, and the W*, FI, and DD values were statistically different from those of the control group. Conclusion: AAA can inhibit the growth of HA crystals, and significantly deepen the HA color and enhance the laser-induced fluorescence. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Chondroblastic Osteosarcoma in Maxilla: A Case Report PEI Jing, CHEN Weihua, JIA Yunxiang 2020, 36(9): 885-886.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2020.09.019 Abstract ( 231 )   PDF (2063KB) ( 194 )   Osteosarcoma is the most common malignant tumor in bones, we reported a case of low-grade chondroblastic osteosarcoma in maxilla. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Extraction of Deeply Impacted Mandibular Kissing Molars by Minimally Invasive Technology:A Case Report HUANG Qiaoyan, HU Yanping 2020, 36(9): 887-888.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2020.09.020 Abstract ( 398 )   PDF (1328KB) ( 225 )   Kissing molars are impacted molars contained in the same quadrant, whose occlusal surfaces meet each other. It is a rare case. The extraction of deeply impacted kissing molars by conventional techniques may remove excessive bone and cause complications such as the damage of inferior alveolar nerve and the iatrogenic fractures of mandible. This case report describes retrospectively the use of minimally invasive technique to extract the impacted kissing molars by piezosurgery and high speed turbine drill References | Related Articles | Metrics