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Research Progress in the Correlation between Oral Microbiota and Inflammatory Bowel Disease YAN Fuhua, ZHANG Yangheng, QIAN Jun 2022, 38(6): 491-496.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2022.06.001 Abstract ( 305 )   PDF (1062KB) ( 382 )   Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a type of disease characterized by chronic and recurrent inflammatory reactions and intestinal damage, but its pathogenesis remains unclear. In recent years, the correlation between IBD and oral diseases has aroused more and more attention. Many evidences suggest that oral microorganisms may be involved in the development of IBD. Some specific bacteria in the oral cavity may translocate and colonize the intestinal tract, affecting the intestinal microbe, destroying the intestinal barrier, and causing abnormal immune reactions, and then affect the development of IBD. The study of characteristics of IBD-related oral flora and key pathogens can provide new ideas for diagnosis and treatment of IBD. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress of Research Aiming at Improving the Effect of Photodynamic Therapy LEI Shangxue, DAN Hongxia 2022, 38(6): 497-500.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2022.06.002 Abstract ( 331 )   PDF (793KB) ( 282 )   Due to its high efficiency, minimal invasiveness, and protection of the function and appearance of treated area, photodynamic therapy (PDT) is considered as a therapy with great potential for treating oral mucosal diseases. This paper reviewed the application and limitations of PDT in oral mucosal diseases and mainly focused on the progress of researches aiming at improving the effect of PDT. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Role of Stress in the Pathogenesis of Temporomandibular Joint Disorder LI Jiaheng, CAO Dongyuan 2022, 38(6): 501-504.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2022.06.003 Abstract ( 263 )   PDF (796KB) ( 273 )   Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is one of the main causes of non-odontogenic pain in the oral and maxillofacial region. Psychological factors play important roles in the occurrence and development of TMD, and may directly and/or indirectly affect the pain-related biological processes of TMD patients. The purpose of this review is to summarize the related clinical and basic research of stress involved in TMD and other chronic primary pain (CPP) comorbidities, and discuss the potential pathogenesis of TMD and other CPP diseases to guide clinical treatment. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Differential Diagnosis and Overview of Nonendodontic Periapical Lesions ZENG Kangrui, XIA Wenwei 2022, 38(6): 505-508.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2022.06.004 Abstract ( 319 )   PDF (3072KB) ( 353 )   Nonendodontic periapical lesions occur in the periapical area, which may lead to misdiagnosis and mistreatment when confused with pulp-derived periapical periodontitis. The differential diagnosis of nonendodontic periapical lesions mainly depends on clinical examination, imaging manifestations, and pulp vitality test. The nature of the lesion, the apical condition, and pulp vitality of the teeth involved in the lesion and other factors should be considered in determining the optimum treatment. In this review, we summarized the differential diagnosis of nonendodontic periapical lesions and the treatment of involved teeth, in order to deepen the understanding of the disease and provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-derived Exosomes in Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthritis XU Zejun, MAN Cheng 2022, 38(6): 509-512.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2022.06.005 Abstract ( 268 )   PDF (805KB) ( 275 )   Temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis is a degenerative disease characterized by progressive cartilage degeneration, subchondral bone remodeling, synovitis, and chronic pain. Exosomes are membrane vesicles about 30-140 nm in size. They can fuse with adjacent cell membranes to transfer information between different cells and mediate information exchange between cells. They play an important role in regenerative medicine. The nutritional regulation of mesenchymal stem cells has anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes can mimic the main therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cells, and have multi lineage differentiation potential, including cartilage differentiation and osteogenic differentiation. This article reviews the role of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes in the treatment of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Measurement and Analysis of the Size of Sella Turcica in Patients with Different Skeletal Facial Types LI Zhenzhen, WU Yao, XU Yishan, SI Chao, LIU Jia, CAO Yu, ZHANG Huichao, YANG Luyi 2022, 38(6): 513-517.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2022.06.006 Abstract ( 197 )   PDF (1246KB) ( 168 )   Objective: To measure the size of sella turcica in patients with different skeletal facial types and explore the correlation between the size of sella turcica and craniofacial measurements. Methods: Lateral cephalograms of 126 patients were retrospectively analyzed. According to sagittal facial type, they were divided into skeletal classⅠ, skeletal classⅡ, and skeletal classⅢ. According to vertical facial type, they were divided into average-angle group, low-angle group, and high-angle group. Data related to craniofacial hard tissues and sella turcica were measured and analyzed. Results: There were no significant differences in sella size between different genders. There were no significant differences in the size of sella turcica among the sagittal facial type groups (P>0.05). In the vertical facial type group, the diameter, depth, and area of sella turcica in high-angle group were larger than those in other two groups (P<0.05). But in the average-angle group and low-angle group, there were no significant differences (P>0.05). The length of sella turcica was positively related to mandibular plane angle (P<0.05). The diameter, depth, and area were positively related to the total face height, lower face height, mandibular length, and mandibular plane angle (P<0.05). Conclusion: The association between the size of sella turcica and vertical facial types is significant. The trend of high angle type is more obvious with the increase of diameter, depth, and area of sella turcica, and it can provide reference for orthodontic diagnosis and treatments. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Correlation Analysis of Maxillary Molars Inclination with Impacted Position and Growth Direction of Maxillary Third Molar XU Yishan, LI Zhenzhen, WU Yao, SI Chao, XU Jingyu, YU Ling, ZHANG Huichao, YANG Luyi 2022, 38(6): 518-522.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2022.06.007 Abstract ( 195 )   PDF (1745KB) ( 254 )   Objective: To measure the mesial and distal inclination of maxillary molars in patients with class I, and to explore its correlation with the impacted depth and impacted direction and growth direction of maxillary third molars. Methods: The CBCT data of 67 patients with Angle class I were selected before treatment. According to the impacted depth of the third molar, they were divided into three groups: normal eruption type, medium position type, and low position type. According to the impacted direction of the third molar, it was divided into two groups: mesial type and distal type. Taking the palatal plane as the reference plane, the inclination of the maxillary molars were measured, and the data were statistically analyzed. Results: (1) There was no significant difference in the measured values between different gender groups (P>0.05). (2) When the impacted depth and impacted direction of maxillary third molars were different, there were significant differences in the inclination of maxillary first molars and second molars (P<0.05). (3) The inclination of maxillary first and second molars were positively correlated with the impacted depth of third molars (P<0.05), but not significantly correlated with the growth direction of third molars (P>0.05). The inclination of first molars was positively correlated with the impacted direction of third molars (P<0.05). (4) The impacted depth of maxillary third molar was not correlated with its growth direction (P>0.05), but positively correlated with its impacted direction (P<0.05). Conclusion: The lower the impacted of the third molar, the more distal inclination of the maxillary molar. The more mesial the impacted direction of the third molar, the more distally inclined the maxillary first molar. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression and Effect of S100A8 and S100A9 in Chronic Sialadenitis WANG Xiaofeng, WEI Lili, CHENG Yong, LI Bo 2022, 38(6): 523-528.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2022.06.008 Abstract ( 153 )   PDF (10419KB) ( 100 )   Objective: To investigate the expression and function of S100A8 and S100A9 proteins in chronic submandibular gland sialadenitis. Methods: A rat model of chronic submandibular gland sialadenitis was constructed and human submandibular gland tissues were collected. The histomorphology of chronic sialadenitis and control submandibular glands were observed by HE staining, and the expressions of S100A8 and S100A9 in rat and human chronic submandibular gland tissue were observed by immunohistochemical staining, with aim to explore the mechanism of S100A8 and S100A9 proteins in the progression of chronic sialadenitis. Results: As the ligation time increased, the number of inflammatory cells increased in intralobular interstitium, and the ductal and acinar cells atrophied, accompanied with interstitial fibrosis hyperplasia. The expressions of S100A8 and S100A9 in sialadenitis groups of rats and human were more than those in normal groups. Conclusion: The expression of S100A8 and S100A9 increased with the development of chronic sialadenitis, which could be used as marker proteins for the progression of sialadenitis. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Retrospective Analysis of 149 Cases of Tuberculous Lymphadenitis in Maxillofacial and Cervical Region Treated with Functional Neck Dissection Adilijiang·SAIMAITI, AN Wei, Maimaitituxun·TUERDI 2022, 38(6): 529-532.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2022.06.009 Abstract ( 211 )   PDF (2891KB) ( 181 )   Objective: To analyze the clinical data of 149 patients with tuberculous lymphadenitis in maxillofacial and cervical region treated with neck dissection. Methods: The clinical data of 149 patients treated with neck dissection in our hospital from 2010 to the end of 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Results: There were 45 males and 104 females, with average age of 34.9 years. There were 40 cases in region Ⅰ, 45 cases in region Ⅱ, 24 cases in region Ⅲ, 14 cases in region Ⅳ, 36 cases in region Ⅴ, 5 cases in region Ⅵ, and 26 cases in parotid gland. Among the 105 patients who received preoperative enhanced CT examination, 76 were diagnosed as tuberculosis and 29 as other diseases. All 149 patients underwent general anesthesia, and 37 patients underwent rapid intraoperative freezing examination. Among them, 2 listed results were considered to be of uncertain nature, 3 cases of reactive hyperplasia, and 32 cases of granulomatous lesions. Negative pressure drainage was performed in 127 cases and skin drainage in 22 cases. Partial incision dehiscence occurred in 2 patients after operation, and the wound healed in the second stage after dressing change. The other patients all healed in the first stage. There was no obvious nerve injury after operation. All patients received systematic anti-tuberculosis treatment after operation. Conclusion: Functional neck dissection for tuberculosis is an effective surgical treatment method. Comprehensive preoperative assessment, selection of the best surgical method, and small incision and stratified anatomy, can ensure the postoperative cervical function and reduce postoperative complications. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of IL-12A and EBI3 in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Their Effect on Immune Microenvironment LV Yinan, HU Yaying, ZHENG Xiaofeng, YANG Ke, ZHANG Jiali 2022, 38(6): 533-539.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2022.06.010 Abstract ( 166 )   PDF (9162KB) ( 92 )   Objective: To investigate the expression of IL-35 subunits IL12A and EBI3 in oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC) and theirs relationship with clinicopathological features, prognosis, and immune microenvironment. Methods: The expression levels of IL-35 subunits IL-12A and EBI3, and neutrophil and CD4+T cell infiltration in normal and cancer tissues of 186 OSCC patients were detected by tissue microarray and immunohistochemistry. TCGA database and TIMER database were used to analyze the relationship between IL-12A and EBI3 and disease-free interval time and immune cell infiltration of OSCC. Results: The expression of IL-12A and EBI3 in tumor tissue was significantly higher than that in normal epithelium (P<0.001). The expression levels of IL-12A and EBI3 were correlated in tumor tissues (r=0.45, P<0.01). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that patients with low expression of IL-12A and EBI3 had better prognosis (P<0.05) and longer disease-free interval time (P<0.05). IL-12A was associated with CD4+T infiltration (r=0.254, P<0.05). EBI3 was associated with neutropil infiltration(r=0.311, P<0.0001), respectively. Conclusion: The increased expression of IL-35 subunits IL-12A and EBI3 in OSCC can affect the prognosis of OSCC patients and the level of immune related cell infiltration. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of Bone Density and Three-dimensional Position of Implant in Pterygomaxillary Region using CBCT JIANG Zhaoxia, QU Zhe, HAN Wenli 2022, 38(6): 540-544.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2022.06.011 Abstract ( 199 )   PDF (1308KB) ( 194 )   Objective: To measure the bone density and three-dimensional implant position in the pterygomaxillary region by CBCT image. Methods: CBCT images of 100 patients with maxillary posterior tooth loss and severe alveolar bone atrophy were analyzed. The implant was virtually implanted in the pterygomaxillary region, and the density of the area and the inclination angle and position characteristics of the implant were measured. Results: Bone density was (288.9±168.6) HU and (553.8±188.3) HU, respectively, with confidence interval of 95%. There was no significant correlation between age and gender and bone mineral density in maxillary tuberosity region and pterygoid region (P>0.05). The length and diameter of the implants were (13.1±1.8) mm and (3.6±0.5) mm respectively. Compared with the Frankfort plane, the mesio-distal axial of the implant was (66.17±3.98)°and buccal-palatal axial was (83.51±3.24)°. The length of the bone column was (17.0±2.5) mm, the distance across the pterygomaxillary junction was (1.7±1.0) mm, and the average distance between the midpoint of the implant shoulder and the end of the maxillary tuberosity was (6.9±1.5) mm. Conclusion: In this study, it is recommended to use implants with a length of 10-18mm at an angle of about 70° in the mesio-distal axial and about 80° in the buccal-palatal axial to make better use of dense bone, which improved implant stability and reduced complications. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Nano-morphologic Titanium Implant on Osteointegration in Osteoporostic Rats ZHANG Cheng, GENG Tengyu, WANG Jing, YUAN Changyong, WANG Penglai 2022, 38(6): 545-552.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2022.06.012 Abstract ( 170 )   PDF (4985KB) ( 184 )   Objective: To investigate the effects of nano-topography of titanium implant formed by surface modification on osseointegration in osteoporotic rats. Methods: Titanium slices and titanium implants were treated with alkali-heat and hydrothermal treatment as the nanostructure group, and without surface treatment as the control group. Scanning electronic microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, contact angle measuring instrument, and protein adsorption assay were used to analyze the surface morphology, element composition, hydrophilcity, and protein adsorption capacity of the samples. The bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells of osteoporotic rats were seeded on the sample surfaces. The actin and nucleus were stained to observe cell adhesion. The cell proliferation activity was assessed using cell counting kit-8 assay. The gene expression of ALP, BMP-2, COL-1, OPN, and OCN were examined by qRT-PCR. In addition, rat osteoporosis model was established by bilateral ovariectomy. Two groups of titanium implants were implanted into the femoral condyles of osteoporotic rats. The osseointegration of the implants in vivo was analyzed by micro-CT. Results: After surface modification, nano-scale morphology was formed on the surface of titanium, which had better hydrophilcity (P < 0.01) and protein adsorption ability (P<0.05). The formation of nano-topography effectively improved cell adhesion, and the cells exhibited better proliferation activity on the nano-morphologic titanium slices (P<0.05). The gene expression of ALP, BMP-2, COL-1, OPN, and OCN of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were also promoted by the nano-morphology (P<0.01). Surface modified implants had better bone-implant contact in vivo in osteoporotic rats (P<0.01). Conclusion: Alkali-heat and hydrothermal treatment formed the nano-topography with excellent hydrophilicity and protein adsorption ability, which significantly promoted the adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells of osteoporotic rats, and improved the osseointegration of implants under osteoporosis. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence of Tube Voltage, Tube Current, and Adjacent Titanium Implant on Detection of Vertical Root Fractures after Root Canal Therapy using Cone-beam Computed Tomography LIU Yu, ZHANG Lei, LI Kun, LI Yanzhi, ZHANG Yi, YANG Yitian, ZHAO Bin 2022, 38(6): 553-558.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2022.06.013 Abstract ( 149 )   PDF (2034KB) ( 140 )   Objective: To investigate the effect of tube voltage, tube current, and different numbers of adjacent titanium implants on the assessment of vertical root fracture (VRF) after root canal therapy by cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: Twenty single rooted mandibular premolars were collected and 10 were randomly induced VRF after root canal preparation in vitro. Each tooth canal was placed with a gutta-percha and each tooth was placed in the alveolar socket of right lower first premolar of the human mandible specimen. A total of 360 images were acquired using CBCT at different tube voltages (60 kV and 80 kV), different tube currents (3 mA, 6 mA, and 10 mA), and different adjacent titanium implants (control group, 1 adjacent titanium implant, and 2 adjacent titanium implants). Images were interpreted by 5 observers on a 5-point scoring scale for all images, and sensitivity, specificity, and area under the ROC curve (AUC) were compared using 2-way ANOVA and the turkey post hoc test. Results: The specificity of VRF diagnosis after root canal treatment was affected by tube voltage and tube current, which increased to statistical significance when the tube current was certain, tube voltage increased from 60 kV to 80 kV (P<0.05), and when the tube voltage was certain, tube current increased from 3 to 6 mA or 10 mA (P<0.05), whereas the number of adjacent titanium implants had no influence on diagnosis. Conclusion: An increase in the tube voltage is beneficial for the diagnosis of VRF after root canal treatment, but based on the as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA) principle, without compromising the diagnosis, while increasing the tube voltage, try to select a lower tube current. Different numbers of adjacent titanium implants did not affect the evaluation of VRF after root canal treatment by CBCT. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of Reasons for the Fracture of Implant and Abutment of Tapered Lock Post YU Zhengrong, YANG Jingjing, GONG Jinmei, HU Changqi, HUANG Jiangqin, GUO Shuigen, WEI Hongwu 2022, 38(6): 559-564.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2022.06.014 Abstract ( 250 )   PDF (5630KB) ( 189 )   Objective: To analyze the clinical causes of implant or abutment fracture and explore the preventive methods. Methods: Four implants and seven abutments were broken in 9 patients. The side functions, crown height space, and occlusal surface morphology of the broken patients were counted, and the clinical causes were analyzed. Results: The main factor for the fracture of 1 implant, 3 solid abutments, and 2 hollow abutments was the side function. The main factor for the fracture of 3 implants and 1 hollow abutment was the excessive space of crown height. The main factor for the fracture of a solid abutment was the excessive inclination of the cusp of the occlusal surface. Conclusion: The fracture of implant or abutment is the result of multiple factors. The side function, too large crown height space, and too high cusp inclination of the occlusal surface of the prosthesis will increase the fracture probability, which should be treated with caution in clinic. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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CDC20 Regulates the Osteogenic Differentiation of hASCs through Proteasome-dependent Degradation of p65 DU Yangge, CHENG Yawen, GUO Qian, ZHANG Ping, ZHOU Yongsheng 2022, 38(6): 565-571.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2022.06.015 Abstract ( 212 )   PDF (5288KB) ( 211 )   Objective: To investigate the role of cell division cycle 20 (CDC20) in the osteogenesis of human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) and its underlying mechanisms. Methods: After 0, 7, and 14 days of osteogenic induction, RT-qPCR and Western blot assays were used to determine CDC20 level. In CDC20 stable knockdown hASCs, ALP staining and Western blot assays were performed to examine the expressions of related markers of osteogenic differentiation. The CDC20 stable knockdown hASCs mixed with β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) were implanted under the skin of nude mice. Eight weeks later, the mice were sacrificed and ectopic bone were measured. In CDC20 overexpressed hASCs, ALP staining and quantification were performed to examine the osteogenic differentiation of hASCs. Co-immunoprecipitation and western blot assays were conducted to explore the relationship of CDC20 and p65 in hASCs. The CDC20 and p65 double knockdown hASCs were constructed to evaluate the effect of p65 in osteogenesis manipulated by CDC20. Results: CDC20 was significantly induced in hASCs during osteogenic differentiation (P＜0.05). After the osteogenic induction, ALP quantification of CDC20 stable knockdown hASCs [(7.31±0.25)、(11.01±0.49) U/gprot] was significantly lower than that of control [(16.00±0.35) U/gprot] (P＜0.05). Western blot results showed the decreased RUNX2 protein level in CDC20 knockdown group. The CDC20 stable knockdown hASCs mixed with β-TCP and implanted under the skin of nude mice represented less bone formation compared to control cells. After the osteogenic induction, ALP quantification of CDC20 overexpression in hASCs [(20.74±0.53) U/gprot] was significantly higher than that of control [(12.58±0.42) U/gprot](P＜0.05). CDC20 interacted with p65. The expression of p65 increased after the knockdown of CDC20. Overexpression of CDC20 led to decreased p65, and the treatment of MG132 (the proteasome inhibitor) reversed the trend. After osteogenic differentiation of CDC20 and p65 double knockdown hASCs,the ALP staining and quantification results illustrated that CDC20 regulated osteogenic differentiation of hASCs in a p65-dependent manner. Conclusion: CDC20 promoted the osteogenic differentiation of hASCs through proteasome-dependent degradation of p65,thus providing a potential target for bone regeneration. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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miR-450b-5p Regulates Adhesion and Migration of Human Gingival Epithelial Cells Induced by IL-1β YU Cuicui, YE Xiaoyuan, DONG Zhiheng, WANG Aiqin, GAO Yan, GAO Yuguang 2022, 38(6): 572-577.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2022.06.016 Abstract ( 219 )   PDF (2945KB) ( 201 )   Objective: To investigate the effect of miR-450b-5p on the adhesion and migration of human gingival epithelial cells (HGEs) regulated by inflammatory factor IL-1β. Methods: HGEs were cultured in vitro and starved for 12 hours in logarithmic growth period, stimulated by 5 ng/mL IL-1β for 3 hours. Total RNA was extracted by RNAiso Plus and analyzed by small RNA sequencing and qRT-PCR. The migration of HGEs induced by IL-1β was observed by cell scratch assay. After transfected with miR-450b-5p mimic, inhibitor, and NC lentivirus plasmid, the expressions of miR-450b-5p, Integrinβ6 (ITGβ6), Lamininγ2 (LAMC2), and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in HGEs regulated by IL-1β were detected by qRT-PCR. Results: Sequencing results and qRT-PCR showed that IL-1β decreased the expression of miR-450b-5p. The expression of ITGβ6, LAMC2, and MMP-9 were increased after IL-1β induction. The expressions of ITGβ6, LAMC2, and MMP-9 genes were inhibited and the increased effect induced by IL-1β was partially reversed by overexpression of miR-450b-5p. However, the opposite result was obtained by knockdown of miR-450b-5p. Cell scratch assay showed that migration of HGEs induced by IL-1β was inhibited by overexpression of miR-450b-5p. Conclusion: MiR-450b-5p inhibits HGEs adhesion and migration induced by IL-1β, suggesting that miR-450b-5p plays an important role in maintaining HGEs stability, inhibiting cell migration and protecting the gingival epithelial barrier. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Two Cases of Computer Aided Design Polyetheretherketone Material in Repairing Partial Defects of Mandible ZHOU Wei, BAI Jinbo, YU Lianpin, ZU Tingjian, ZHENG Peihui, ZHANG Weidong 2022, 38(6): 578-580.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2022.06.017 Abstract ( 234 )   PDF (4333KB) ( 228 )   To investigate the feasibility of repairing partial defects of mandible with polyetheretherketone material, two patients with mandibular partial defects were repaired with computer-aided design of individual polyetheretherketone implants. The mandibular partial defect was constructed accurately, and the mandible obtained the appropriate shape and height. No complications such as inflammation and rejection occurred during the postoperative follow-up for more than 6 months. The patients were satisfied with the improvement of face shape, and good clinical effect was achieved. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Combined Orthodontic and Orthognathic Treatment for a Class Ⅲ Patient Aided with MSE YU Xiaoyi, CHEN Siyu, WANG Songqing, YANG Wanqi, LI Hui, LIU Xinyu, ZHU Xianchun 2022, 38(6): 581-583.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2022.06.018 Abstract ( 348 )   PDF (4696KB) ( 410 )   The case report presented the treatment of adult skeletal Class Ⅲ lateral jaw deformity with maxillary transverse deficiency (MTD) aided by mini-implant anchorage bone-borne maxillary skeletal expander. Steady therapeutic effect was acquired after 2 years. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Extraction of Linguoangular Impaction of Ipsilateral Mandibular Molars in Superposition: A Case Report SUN Yuqi, LI Tingting, ZHAO Jihong 2022, 38(6): 584-586.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2022.06.019 Abstract ( 291 )   PDF (4713KB) ( 264 )   Linguoangular impaction of ipsilateral mandibular second and third molars in superposition is fairly rare. It is a tough mission for orthodontist as well as oral and maxillofacial surgeon. Surgical extraction is of great challenge and high stakes, which may injury the inferior alveolar nerve and adjacent teeth. Here we reported a case to demonstrate how to perform the teeth extraction in a minimally invasive way. References | Related Articles | Metrics