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Role and Mechanism of Fusobacterium Nucleatum in Oral Mucosal Carcinogenesis QUBIE Fangfang, JIANG Lu 2024, 40(5): 379-384.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2024.05.001 Abstract ( 159 )   PDF (1103KB) ( 161 )   Oral mucosal carcinogenesis is a serious health issue involving multiple factors in its onset and progression. In recent years, fusobacterium nucleatum (F.nucleatum), as a part of the oral microbiota, has been considered as one of the infectious agents playing a significant role in various cancers. This review aims to comprehensively explore the role and mechanisms of F.nucleatum in oral mucosal carcinogenesis. Through the analysis of clinical and molecular biology studies, we found that F.nucleatum is closely related to the occurrence and development of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Specifically, this bacterium can modulate the tumor immune microenvironment, promote cell proliferation and invasion, and activate immune checkpoints. Additionally, F.nucleatum may serve as a biomarker and therapeutic target for oral cancer. However, research in this field still faces challenges such as insufficient sample size, strong patient specificity, and the need for multidisciplinary collaboration. Future studies are needed to further reveal its mechanisms and explore its potential applications in the prevention and treatment of oral cancer. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Digital Technology in Prosthetic Rehabilitation of Maxillary Defects LIU Miao, LI Fenglan 2024, 40(5): 385-388.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2024.05.002 Abstract ( 193 )   PDF (787KB) ( 179 )   Maxillary defects are a serious health hazard in dentistry and may cause some physical and psychological disorders in patients. Traditional maxillary defects are complex and technically sensitive. With the development and application of digital technology in the field of dentistry, the rehabilitation of maxillary defects has shown significant advantages. This paper briefly introduces the treatment process of the prosthetic rehabilitation of maxillary defects and provides a review of the application of digital technology in prosthetic restorations from three aspects, i.e. three-dimensional data acquisition, digital design, and digital manufacturing. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Predisposing Factors of Peri-implantitis SUN Yuyan, MENG Weiyan 2024, 40(5): 389-392.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2024.05.003 Abstract ( 178 )   PDF (799KB) ( 217 )   With the development of oral implantology, implantation has become an ideal method for the restoration of dentition defect and edentulous jaw. However, the occurrence and progression of peri-implantitis directly influence the long-term success rate of implant restoration. Factors including host (genetic factors, medical history, personal habits, etc.), surgery (three-dimensional positioning of the implant, etc.), and restoration (prosthesis fixation method, morphological design, etc.) are critical to influence and regulate peri-implantitis. This article provides comprehensive review of the risk factors associated with peri-implantitis, aiming to provide theoretical basis and clinical strategies for the prevention and treatment of peri-implantitis. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence of Dendritic Cell LKB1 Signaling on Mucosal Adjuvant Effect of FimH LIU Xinyuan, LIN Yuhong, CHEN Junlan, HUANG Bingbing, LI Yuhong 2024, 40(5): 393-400.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2024.05.004 Abstract ( 84 )   PDF (2064KB) ( 40 )   Objective: To investigate the impact of liver kinase B1 (LKB1) expression in dendritic cells (DCs) in oral mucosa on the response to mucosal vaccine adjuvants. Methods: CD11ccre-GFP;LKB1fl/fl mice (conditional knockout, cKO) were used and littermate LKB1fl/fl mice were set as wild-type (WT). Firstly, 6-8-week-old cKO and WT mice (n=12 each) were selected, and flow cytometry was used to isolate DCs from mouse oral mucosa for transcriptome high-throughput sequencing. Secondly, using cKO and WT mice (n=16 each), a mouse mucosal immune model was established. Immunizations were performed with ovalbumin (OVA) via submucosal injection in the cheek after 0, 2, and 4 weeks, with or without FimH protein from S.typhimurium (FimH-ST). Serum and saliva were collected at week 3 post-immunization to detect OVA-specific IgG1 and IgG2b in serum and OVA-specific IgA in saliva by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). At week 6 post-immunization, flow cytometry was performed to detect the number and proportion of immune cells in mouse cheek mucosa and draining lymph nodes (dLN), including submandibular, cervical, and neck lymph nodes. Results: The up-regulated genes of oral mucosal dendritic cells in cKO mice were enriched in innate immune responses and B cell mediated immunity in the Gene Ontology (GO) database. The Toll-like receptor signaling pathway and mTOR signaling pathway were enriched in Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). Compared to the WT-OVA group, the WT-OVA+FimH-ST group showed increased levels of serum OVA-specific IgG1 and IgG2b and saliva OVA-specific IgA antibodies; and the numbers and proportions of mucosal local immune B cells and plasma cells were increased. The cKO-OVA group showed higher levels of serum IgG1 and IgG2b and saliva IgA antibodies compared to the WT-OVA group, along with increased proportions of follicular helper T cells (Tfh) and B cells in dLN (P<0.05). However, there was no difference in antibody secretion levels between the cKO-OVA+FimH-ST group and the cKO-OVA group, only showing an increase in Tfh and B cells in dLN. Conclusion: LKB1 regulates innate immune responses and B cell function through DCs; FimH-ST exhibits adjuvant effects when injected submucosally in the mouse oral mucosa; the activation of oral mucosal immune responses by DCs depends on LKB1, and defective LKB1 on DCs leads to the loss of the adjuvant effect of FimH-ST. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Porphyromonas Gingivalis Induce Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Calcification though Regulation of TRAF6/Runx2 Pathway TANG Lu, YANG Wenwen, ZHANG Xianli, ZHANG Xinran, XUE Dong, LENG Lijun, ZHAO Ying 2024, 40(5): 401-406.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2024.05.005 Abstract ( 86 )   PDF (4055KB) ( 57 )   Objective: To explore the regulatory effect of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6)/Runt-related-transcription factor-2 (Runx2) signaling axis on porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis)-induced calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). Methods: Heat-inactivated P. gingivalis and VSMC were co-cultured, and the calcification deposition and calcium content of VSMC were detected after 21 days. Gene and protein expression of VSMC contraction markers alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and smooth muscle 22 alpha (SM22α), as well as osteogenic markers alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OC), and type I collagen A1 (Col ⅠA1) were detected. In addition, the expression of TRAF6 and Runx2 after P. gingivalis induced VSMC was detected, and its effect on Runx2 expression and calcification of VSMC and aorta was further tested by inhibiting TRAF6. Results: P. gingivalis could promote calcification deposition and increase calcium content in VSMC (P<0.05); and P. gingivalis could significantly promote the expression of osteogenic markers and inhibit the expression of VSMC contraction markers (P<0.05). Inhibition of TRAF6 could reduce the expression of Runx2, calcification deposition of VSMC and aortic wall, and the calcium content in VSMC (P<0.05). Conclusion: P. gingivalis promotes the expression of osteogenic markers in VSMC, inhibits the expression of contractile markers, and ultimately induces VSMC calcification. P. gingivalis can induce VSMC and aortic calcification through the TRAF6/Runx2 signaling axis. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Metabolic Changes and Inhibitory Mechanism of XLS Against Candida Albicans were Studied Based on Metabolomics DAI Haoran, MA Shengli, HAN Ye, GE Wenyu, SUN Pang, ZHU Zhaochuan, GAO Yanyu 2024, 40(5): 407-412.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2024.05.006 Abstract ( 102 )   PDF (2371KB) ( 49 )   Objective: Streptococcus sanguis extract XLS is a bacteriostatic intracellular protein extracted from oral Streptococcus sanguis. To detect and analyze the metabolic changes of XLS on Candida albicans by non-targeted metabolomics, and to analyze its mechanism. Methods: The samples were prepared firstly. Experimental group: 0.5 mg/mL XLS was co-cultured with Candida albicans for 12 h; control group: pure Candida albicans was cultured for 12 h, with 6 biological replicates in each group. Two non-targeted metabolomics technologies were used to study the metabolic changes of samples. Multivariate analysis [(principal components analysis, PCA) and (partial least squares discriminant analysis, PLS-DA)] and univariate analysis (t test) were used to compare the differences. Results: PLS-DA and PCA analysis showed significant differences between two groups of samples. In this study, 160 positive ion differential metabolites were screened, of which 68 metabolites were up-regulated and 92 metabolites were down-regulated. Among the 90 negative ion differential metabolites, 52 metabolites were up-regulated and 38 metabolites were down-regulated. Through KEGG enrichment analysis, it was found that the pathways with significant pathway enrichment mainly included ascorbic acid and aldehyde acid metabolic pathways, amino acid synthesis, purine pyrimidine metabolic pathways, etc. In addition, some metabolites related to oxidative stress were also found, which were up-regulated in the experimental group compared with the control group. Conclusion: XLS has a significant effect on amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, purine and pyrimidine metabolism, and other processes of Candida albicans. XLS causes oxidative damage to Candida albicans cells by causing oxidative stress in Candida albicans, thereby inhibiting the growth and reproduction of Candida albicans. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of P. gingivalis on Chemoresistance of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma PANG Xiaochan, CHEN Qingli, LUO Guofeng, SHANG Zhengjun 2024, 40(5): 413-416.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2024.05.007 Abstract ( 99 )   PDF (1362KB) ( 66 )   Objective: To investigate the abundance of porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and its effect on chemoresistance during chemotherapy. Methods: The expression of P. gingivalis in 67 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma was detected by in situ hybridization. The cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs in P. gingivalis infected OSCC was detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. The expression of drug resistant protein in oral squamous cell carcinoma cells after P. gingivalis infection was detected by Western blot assay. Results: The content of P. gingivalis in OSCC epithelial tissues was higher than that in normal oral epithelial tissues. P. gingivalis infection reduced the killing effect of paclitaxel on OSCC (P<0.05). The expression of P-gp was much elevated after P. gingivalis infection. Conclusion: The high level of P. gingivalis in tumor tissues of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma may be positively correlated with chemoresistance of OSCC. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression and Prognostic Value of USP10 in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma LIANG Denghuan, LIU Jiaqi, LI Donghui, ZHANG Jiajia, GUO Chaojie, ZENG Yan, XU Jiang, ZHENG Jun 2024, 40(5): 417-421.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2024.05.008 Abstract ( 98 )   PDF (2046KB) ( 78 )   Objective: To study the expression of USP10 and its prognostic value in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Methods: The UALCAN website was utilized to analyze the expression of USP10 mRNA and protein in HNSCC. The protein expression of USP10 was detected by immunohistochemical method in 70 HNSCC tissues and 30 normal tissues. The relationship between USP10 in HNSCC and clinical features and prognosis was analyzed. Results: The expression of USP10 was increased in HNSCC tissues (P<0.05), and the expression of USP10 was related to the degree of differentiation (P<0.05). Kaplan-Meier analysis results showed that the high USP10 expression group had a shorter survival time than the low expression group (P＜0.05). Cox regression analysis results showed that lymphatic metastasis and high USP10 expression was independent risk factors for poor prognosis in HNSCC patients (P＜0.05). Conclusion: The expression of USP10 is increased in HNSCC. USP10 may be a prognostic marker for HNSCC. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Multifunctional Nanoparticles Co-loaded with Indocyanine Green and Nrf2-siRNA against Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma In Vitro FU Kaiyu, CHANG Yunhan, SHI Enyu, SHI Shurui 2024, 40(5): 422-428.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2024.05.009 Abstract ( 90 )   PDF (7325KB) ( 66 )   Objective: To construct multifunctional nanoparticles co-loaded with indocyanine green (ICG) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2-small interfering RNA (Nrf2-siRNA), and to explore the combined effects and mechanisms of photothermal and antioxidant inhibition amplified photodynamics against oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in vitro. Methods: Double emulsion method and electrostatic adsorption were used to prepare PPI-siRNA nanoparticles based on polyurethane (PBAE)/polylactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer (PLGA) co-loaded with ICG and Nrf2-iRNA. The morphology, size distribution, zeta potential, and drug loading efficiency of nanoparticles were characterized. The SCC-25 cellular uptake of ICG and the escaping lysosomal phagocytosis ability of Nrf2-siRNA were evaluated. The photothermal and photodynamic effects of PPI-siRNA nanoparticles were investigated by detecting the heating effect, expression of intracellular heat shock protein (HSP60), and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The expression levels of E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and its downstream genes GCLM and GCLC regulated by the Nrf2 were investigated to explore the assisting photodynamic effects mechanism of Nrf2-siRNA. The cytotoxic effect of PPI-siRNA nanoparticles combined with laser irradiation was evaluated by MTT assay and live/dead cell assay. Results: The PPI-siRNA nanoparticles exhibited spherical structure with regular morphology and particle size of about 180 nm. PPI-siRNA nanoparticles could efficiently deliver ICG and Nrf2-siRNA into cells, and prevent Nrf2-siRNA from being engulfing from lysosome to exert gene silence effect. PPI-siRNA nanoparticles possessed notable photothermal and photodynamic properties. Nrf2-siRNA could significantly improve the anti-tumor efficiency of phototherapy by down-regulating the expression of antioxidant proteins and genes. Conclusion: PPI-siRNA nanoparticles can effectively inhibit the in vitro growth of OSCC by combining phototherapy and gene silencing amplified photodynamic efficacy, and have a broad application prospect in the clinical treatment of OSCC. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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RAPTOR Affects Migration, Invasion, and Proliferation of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma through miR-485-5p CHEN Jiawen, DING Xiao, LUAN Kefeng, WANG Gaojun, LI Hongli, HU Wenting, SUN Xuehui 2024, 40(5): 429-435.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2024.05.010 Abstract ( 95 )   PDF (13600KB) ( 62 )   Objective: To investigate the effect of regulatory-associated protein of mTOR (RAPTOR) on the migration, invasion, and proliferation of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methods: The TCGA database was used to identify differentially expressed mRNA in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) tissues and adjacent tissues. Western blot assay detected RAPTOR expression in HOEC and OSCC cell lines. Cell migration ability was detected by the wound healing experiment. Transwell assay and EdU were used to detect the cell invasion and cell proliferation ability. Bioinformatics websites were used to predict microRNA binding to RAPTOR. Functional tests were conducted to determine if miR-485-5p could impact cell migration, invasion, and proliferation by targeting RAPTOR. Results: RAPTOR expression was higher in HNSCC tissues compared to adjacent tissues. Wound healing, Transwell, and EdU experiments showed that RAPTOR promoted the migration, invasion, and proliferation of OSCC cells. Up-regulation of miR-485-5p can reverse the promoting effect of RAPTOR on the migration, invasion, and proliferation of CAL27 cells. Conclusion: miR-485-5p inhibits OSCC cell migration, invasion, and proliferation by targeting RAPTOR. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Digital Design Method and Application of Preformed Resin Crown for Deciduous Incisors LI Wenbo, CHEN Xiaoxian, LI Jing, SHI Bingqing, QIN Qingzhao, GAO Zixiang, ZHU Yujia, WEN Aonan, SHAN Shenyao, WANG Yong, ZHAO Yijiao 2024, 40(5): 436-442.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2024.05.011 Abstract ( 137 )   PDF (4500KB) ( 95 )   Objective: To investigate the digital design and fabrication method for preformed resin crowns in deciduous incisors, and to evaluate their clinical suitability. Methods: The 3D data of the clinical crowns of four maxillary deciduous incisor teeth from a children's deciduous teeth teaching model were obtained using a dentition model scanner. Reverse engineering software Geomagic Wrap 2021 was utilized, with reference to Professor Wang Huiyun's measurement and statistical data on Chinese children's deciduous teeth. Based on the scanned 3D data of maxillary deciduous incisors, adjustments were made to size ratios and 3D shapes. A standard-sized digital model for pre-coronation of deciduous incisors was constructed, incorporating design parameters with incisal end thickness of 0.8mm and lip/palatine surface thicknesses of 0.3mm. Taking into account the size ratio relationship observed in commonly used transparent resin crowns for maxillary incisors in pediatric stomatology departments, digital models for preformed crowns were designed with three types and four positions (51, 52, 61, and 62). Temporary preformed resin crowns were then fabricated using five-axis CNC cutting technology and subjected to trial evaluations in clinical cases. Results: A digital design and fabrication method for preformed resin crowns in maxillary deciduous incisors across four tooth positions was successfully developed. Initial clinical application demonstrated that these preformed resin crowns met the appearance, coloration, and strength requirements necessary for dental pediatrics practice according to evaluations conducted by senior pediatric experts. Conclusion: The digitally designed and fabricated preformed resin crowns presented in this study exhibit superior anatomical shape restoration compared to traditional transparent resin crown fillings while also achieving better aesthetic outcomes. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical Efficacy of Carious Primary Molars Treated with Hall Technique YU Lu, LI Yanan, TAI Linlin, SUN Xiaoling, LIU Meiyan 2024, 40(5): 443-447.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2024.05.012 Abstract ( 101 )   PDF (1208KB) ( 66 )   Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of the Hall Technique for managing carious primary molars and discuss the influence factors correlate to the success rate through a cohort study. Methods: From March 2020 to June 2022, 31 patients (31 teeth) with carious primary molar were selected. All the molars were treated with the Hall Technique. The patients were re-examined 12 to 39 months after operation and the outcomes were evaluated by symptoms of TMJ and teeth, clinical examination, and periapical radiograph. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to calculate the success rate, and influence factors correlated to the success rate were analyzed by Log-Rank test. Results: Totally thirty patients [average (4.9±1.5) years old from 3.3 to 8.2 years old,21 males and 9 females] received the follow-up examination more than 12 months. The overall success rate was 93.3% and the cumulative probability of survival at 1 year and 2 years were 96.7% and 92.3%. Age, tooth position, cavity shape, and ICDAS coronal caries lesion radiographic score had no significant correlations with the success rate (P＞0.05). Conclusion: The Hall Technique was effective in treating carious primary molars. Age, tooth position, cavity shape, and the depth of caries had no significant correlations with the success rate. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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EGCG Crosslinked Biomimetic Mineralized Decellularized Matrix of Filefish Skin As A Membrane for Guided Bone Tissue Regeneration SHEN Shengjie, SUN Ning, XIAO Ting, LI Quanli 2024, 40(5): 448-455.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2024.05.013 Abstract ( 110 )   PDF (7104KB) ( 70 )   Objective: To construct decellularized matrix of filefish skin and crosslink it to be biomimetic mineralization template as a guided bone regeneration membrane. Methods: Filefish skin of marine origin was selected, and the decellularized matrix of filefish skin (filefish skin decellularized matrix,FS-ECM) was prepared by a combined physicochemical method. The structural features of FS-ECM were preliminarily explored by HE staining, scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and water contact angle. Then, the cross-linking modification of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) was utilized (EGCG crosslinked filefish skin decellularized matrix,E-FS-ECM) to improve the material's anti-enzymatic and mechanical properties. The EGCG-collagen in vitro biomimetic mineralization template (EGCG crosslinked biomimetic mineralized filefish skin decellularized matrix, EB-FS-ECM) was constructed through the modification of EGCG, and the collagen biomimetic mineralization strategy was used to further improve the various properties. The differences in the physicochemical properties of the materials before and after modification were evaluated using SEM, mapping, water contact angle, elastic modulus, thermogravimetric analysis, and in vitro degradation. Results: There was no significant difference between the surface structural properties of FS-ECM at different sites (P>0.05), and FS-ECM contained a certain amount of hydroxyapatite crystals on the outer surface. After the modification by EGCG cross-linking and construction of biomimetic mineralization templates, the hydrophilicity, mechanical strength, thermal stability, and resistance to enzymatic degradation of E-FS-ECM and EB-FS-ECM were significantly higher than those of FS-ECM (P<0.05). Conclusion: EGCG cross-linking and biomimetic mineralization significantly improved the hydrophilicity, thermal stability, and mechanical strength, and slowed down the degradation rate of FS-ECM. Decellularized matrix of filefish skin through modification is expected to be an suitable material for GBR membranes. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Treatment for Root Resorption of Intrusive Luxation Permanent Teeth: A Case Report CHEN Ying, ZHANG Haiyang, QUAN He 2024, 40(5): 456-458.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2024.05.014 Abstract ( 121 )   PDF (2885KB) ( 130 )   An 11-year-old child presented with an intrusive luxation of the maxillary central incisors due to trauma. Prompt treatment was provided, including repositioning, fixation, and root canal therapy. After 14 months, root resorption was observed. Through CBCT analysis, the author applied two different treatment methods for root resorption in different locations. A 2-year follow-up observation showed no new sinus formation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Diagnosis of Bilateral Symmetry Three Roots and Three Canals in Maxillary and Mandibular First Premolars using Cone-beam Computed Tomography: A Case Report GE Qiaocheng, LIU Shuang, Muhetaer·HUOJIA 2024, 40(5): 459-460.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2024.05.015 Abstract ( 79 )   PDF (1257KB) ( 38 )   The root canal system in the first premolars is varied, and the symmetry of three roots and three canals in maxillary and mandibular first premolars is extremely rare in female patients. In this paper, we review the cases of three or multiple root canals in the first premolars and report one case of symmetry three roots and three canals in the maxillary and mandibular first premolars, with aim to provide supplementary data for clinical diagnosis and treatment. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Multidisciplinary Treatment of Missing MB2 with Periapical Cyst in Maxillary First Molar: A Case Report NIU Yimeng, SONG Qiyi, ZHONG Weijian 2024, 40(5): 461-463.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2024.05.016 Abstract ( 97 )   PDF (3562KB) ( 66 )   Periapical cyst was caused by missing MB2 of the maxillary first molar. This case underwent comprehensive treatment of the affected tooth using methods such as micro root canal retreatment, apical resection and retrograde filling, cyst removal, bone regeneration surgery, and crown restoration. Through clinical examination and CBCT observation, the clinical symptoms of the affected tooth disappeared, and CBCT showed a decrease of bone defect areas and an increase of density. After multidisciplinary joint treatment, the function of the maxillary first molar was successfully preserved, and periapical cysts were eliminated, promoting the regeneration and repair of bone defects. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Refractory Erosive Hypertrophic Oral Lichen Planus: A Case Report CHEN Xuya, WANG Feng, ZHOU Gang, ZHANG Jing 2024, 40(5): 464-468.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2024.05.017 Abstract ( 92 )   PDF (4368KB) ( 70 )   Oral lichen planus, a chronic immunoinflammatory disease mediated by T lymphocytes, clinically manifests as white reticulation symmetrically distributed on the mucosa, with or without congestive erosion. We report a patient with oral white reticulation, extensive erosion, and hyperplasia on the tongue, who was diagnosed with erosive hypertrophic oral lichen planus, aiming to explore the clinical manifestations, histopathological features, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, and therapy of such disease, and thus serving as a reference for the diagnosis and treatment of this disease. References | Related Articles | Metrics