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Transcriptome Sequencing Screened Differentially Expressed Genes in Leuk-1 Cells under Paeoniflorin Condition XIAO Lijun, CHEN Qianming, WU Yuqi, YANG Jiantang Journal of Oral Science Research    2023, 39 (6): 527-533.   DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.06.012 Abstract （181）      PDF （1228KB）（1627）       Objective: To analyze the gene expression of Leuk-1 cells regulated by paeoniflorin based on transcriptome sequencing, to excavate and analyze key genes, to study the mechanism of paeoniflorin on Leuk-1 cells, and to explore its medicinal value. Methods: Transcriptome analyze were carried out on Leuk-1 cells in zero, low (5 μmol/L), and high (10 μmol/L) concentration groups. A series of different expression genes (DEGs) were screened, and the gene function and pathways of DEGs were annotated by Gene Ontology enrichment and KEGG enrichment analysis. Results: Among 1212 DEGs identified in Leuk-1 cells under the influence of paeoniflorin, Gene Ontology enrichment analysis revealed significant enrichment in immune response, humoral immune response, cytokine-mediated signaling pathway, 2’-5’-oligoadenylate synthetase activity, serine-type endopeptidase activity, extracellular space, extracellular region, endoplasmic reticulum, and other pathways. KEGG pathways enrichment indicated that DEGs were significantly enriched in Herpes simplex virus 1 infection, pathways in cancer, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, human papillomavirus infection, and other pathways. RT-qPCR examination of DEGs confirmed that accuracy of RNA-seq analysis. The role of paeoniflorin was mainly reflected in antiviral infection, tumor inhibition, protection of epithelial integrity, and immune regulation. Conclusion: The results of this experiment provided a reference to further study the molecular mechanism and provided clues to explore the prevention and treatment of oral mucosal diseases. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification of Key Biomarkers and Immune Infiltration in Human Gingival Tissue of Periodontitis by Bioinformatics Analysis WANG Zihui, GAO Hongyu, MO Feifei, TIAN Guangjie, WANG Yonglan Journal of Oral Science Research    2021, 37 (4): 304-309.   DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2021.04.007 Abstract （481）      PDF （3349KB）（1359）       Objective: To identify the key biomarkers and immune infiltration in gingival tissue of periodontitis by bioinformatics analysis. Methods: The gene expression profiles of GSE10334, GSE16134, and GSE23586 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus datasets. The differentially expressed genes were identified by the LIMMA package. PPI network was constructed to determine hub genes by using STRING and Cytoscape. The CIBERSORT algorithm was used to analyze the immune infiltration of periodontal soft tissue between periodontitis and healthy controls. Results: A total of 129 differentially expressed genes were identified. Based on the PPI network, 10 hub genes were identified, which were significantly enriched in various cellular physiological activities and signal pathways such as chemokine and cytokine activity, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction signals pathway, chemokine signaling pathway, and IL-17 signaling pathway. Compared with the healthy control, the gingival tissue of periodontitis contained a higher proportion of naive B cells, plasma cells, naive CD4 +T cells, activated memory CD4 +T cells, monocytes, M1 macrophages, and neutrophils ( P<0.05). Conclusion: The functional analysis of hub genes and the difference of immune infiltration in gingival tissue between periodontitis and healthy control could provide new insights for understanding the development and pathogenesis mechanism of periodontitis. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The S3 Level Clinical Diagnosis and Practice Guideline of Stage Ⅳ Severe Periodontitis Based on 2018 EFP/AAP Classification CAO Zhengguo, GAO Ya, ZENG Yu Journal of Oral Science Research    2023, 39 (11): 943-951.   DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.11.001 Abstract （341）      PDF （8311KB）（1772）       The early symptoms of periodontitis are not obvious, while it always accompanied by severe alveolar ridge defects, tooth drifting, flaring, and even tooth loss in advanced stage. It leads to a heavy burden on the country, society, and patients themselves with high prevalence. In 2018, consensus reports on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-implant Diseases and Conditions were published by the American Academy of Periodontology (AAP) and European Federation of Periodontology (EFP), which divided periodontitis into four stages and three grades. Subsequently, the EFP has published S3-level clinical guidelines for the treatment of stage Ⅰ-Ⅲ and stage Ⅳ periodontitis. This article will discuss the clinical diagnosis and treatment practice of severe periodontitis based on the 2018 Classification with a case of periodontitis (stage Ⅳ, grade C). Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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TLR4-MyD88 Signal Pathway in Trigeminal Ganglia Involved in Immunoreactivity Induced by Temporomandibular Joint Inflammation in Rats LI Wei-jia,LI Lu-jia, FAN Fan, JIN Hai-wei Journal of Oral Science Research    2018, 34 (11): 1244-1248.   DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.11.023 Abstract （221）      PDF （2760KB）（776）       Objective: To investigate the dynamic expression of TLR4 and its signal pathway in trigeminal ganglia (TG) by using a temporomandibular joint inflammation (TMJI) animal model in rats, and further to explore the role of TLR4 signal pathway involved in the neural immune response during process of TMJI and accompanied pain. Methods: Rats model of TMJI were established by intra-articular injection of Freund's adjuvant complete. Histopathological examination showed the progressive pathological changes in the TMJ were detected by HE staining, and the expression of TLR4 or MyD88 in TG were observed by immunohistochemistry. Results: The expression of TLR4 and MyD88 in TG increased significantly post TMJI. Correlation analysis showed low correlation between TLR4 and MyD88 expression. Conclusion: TLR4-MyD88 signal pathway in TG involved in neural immune response during TMJI. The signal transduction of activation of TLR4 in neurons may be mediated by MyD88 dependent pathway. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Advancement of Cancer-associated Fibroblasts in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma HU Qingang, ZHAO Xingxing Journal of Oral Science Research    2020, 36 (4): 309-313.   DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2020.04.001 Abstract （495）      PDF （1021KB）（945）       Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignant tumor in the head and neck, and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the most important stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment as similar with other malignancies. CAFs were critically involved in the proliferation, metastasis, immune tolerance, and treatment resistance of tumor cells. This paper aims to summarize the recent progress of CAFs in OSCC and its enlightenment for clinical treatment. Targeting CAFs for therapeutic intervention and breaking the essential microenvironment barrier to suppress the growth and migration of tumor cells, effectively block angiogenesis,and enhance immune responses may provide a novel insight and strategies for the adjuvant therapy of OSCC. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Introduction and Assessment of Dental Pulp Vitality Test YANG Jinghui, YUAN Guohua Journal of Oral Science Research    2021, 37 (3): 195-199.   DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2021.03.003 Abstract （609）      PDF （802KB）（1927）       Pulp vitality is the basis of the diagnosis and treatment of dental pulp disease. Cold pulp test, hot pulp test, and electric pulp test are widely applied to clinical diagnosis, and they are collectively known as pulp sensitivity test. But at present, stomatologists find that there are many deficiencies in sensitivity test, and in some cases such as young permanent teeth show high misdiagnosis rate. In order to improve the diagnostic accuracy, the dental pulp blood flow test is proposed, greatly reducing the rate of misdiagnosis. However, it is not widely used in clinic. In addition, magnetic resonance imaging and quantitative test of biomarkers are also considered to judge the pulp vitality in theoretical aspect. This paper briefly introduces several methods to judge the pulp vitality and the advantages and disadvantages of them. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Challenges, Key Factors and Progress of Periodontal Regeneration Therapy YAN Fuhua, YUAN Zhiyao Journal of Oral Science Research    2023, 39 (6): 473-478.   DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.06.001 Abstract （658）      PDF （1036KB）（1100）       The ultimate goal of periodontal disease treatment is to achieve periodontal tissue regeneration. However, it is difficult to achieve a true periodontal regeneration. Increasing the clinical predictability of periodontal regeneration and restoring the structure and function of cementum-periodontal ligament-alveolar bone complex remain great challenges. This article provides a brief overview of the challenges faced in periodontal regeneration treatment and explores the possible solutions based on the key elements of periodontal regeneration and recent research progress. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Advancements in Application of Copper Death in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Oral Cancer WANG Chenchen, XU Yu Journal of Oral Science Research    2023, 39 (9): 771-774.   DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.09.002 Abstract （254）      PDF （812KB）（1110）       Oral cancer is the sixth most frequently occurring type of cancer in the world, whose incidence is on the rise in China. How to alleviate patients'pain and improve their prognosis through effective treatment is an issue worthy of our research and discussion. Recent research has identified a copper-dependent form of cell death known as 'cuprotosis'. Copper binds directly to the lipid acylated fraction involved in mitochondrial respiration, contributing to the aggregation of lipidated proteins and the reduction of iron-sulphur cluster proteins, resulting in a proteotoxic response that leads to cell death. Because abnormalities of copper homeostasis in the body can affect the growth of tumour cells, the efficacy of copper homeostasis in the diagnosis and treatment of malignancies has attracted much attention in recent years. This paper briefly describes three copper-mediated anti-tumour mechanisms and a variety of novel copper complexes involved in solving clinical problems in oral malignancies. We hope that this will provide a reference for the clinical management of oral cancer. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress of Gingipain of Porphyromonas Gingivalis WANG Dan, MENG Weiyan Journal of Oral Science Research    2022, 38 (3): 216-219.   DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2022.03.003 Abstract （617）      PDF （826KB）（1196）       Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of tooth-supporting tissues. It could give a rise to a progressive loss of attachment by destructing the connective tissue and alveolar bone, and may eventually lead to tooth loss. Gram-negative anaerobic bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) is an important pathogen of chronic periodontitis, which expresses several virulence factors, including lipopolysaccharide, fimbriae, hemagglutinins, and cysteine proteinases. Among them, gingipains (belonging to cysteine proteinases) account for most (85%) of the general proteolytic activity caused by P. gingivalis, and have been considered as the essential virulence factor. This review discusses the gingipains's classification, secretion, pathogenic effects, and inhibitors. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application Progress of Artificial Intelligence in Orthodontic Diagnosis, Treatment, and Soft Tissue Prediction LIU Jiayi, ZHOU Yanheng Journal of Oral Science Research    2023, 39 (10): 862-865.   DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.10.002 Abstract （414）      PDF （825KB）（1218）       In recent years, the application of artificial intelligence in the field of orthodontics is increasing, and many artificial intelligence models are applied to orthodontic diagnosis, treatment planning, prognosis prediction, etc. The research shows that the application of artificial intelligence in orthodontics can improve the efficiency of diagnosis and treatment with high accuracy, but there are also problems such as insufficient data, single sample source, poor interpretability of artificial intelligence model, etc. This review intends to provide an overview of the effectiveness of artificial intelligence models used in orthodontic diagnosis, treatment planning, and facial profile prediction after orthodontic treatment or orthognathic surgery, so as to comprehensively understand the status of artificial intelligence in orthodontics and provide reference for relevant research and clinical application. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Changes of Upper Root and Buccal Alveolar Bone Resorption after MSE: A Cone-beam CT analysis ZHENG Rusong, LI Yantao, WANG Lanzhu, SHENG Anju Journal of Oral Science Research    2021, 37 (6): 543-548.   DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2021.06.014 Abstract （279）      PDF （4180KB）（1065）       Objective: To determine the changes of upper root and buccal alveolar bone resorption after MSE expander by cone-beam CT (CBCT). Methods: This study included 16 patients (7 males and 9 females ranged from 16 to 24years) with narrow upper arch treated with MSE. CBCT images were taken before and after expansion. All Dicom data were imported Mimics17.0 software and reconstructed. The root length and alveolar bone height/thickness were compared and measured, respectively. Statistical analysis were performed using paired t-test. Results: The CBCT measurements were as follows: (1)There was only slight change in all measured root length, but no statistical significance ( P>0.05); (2)The buccal alveolar bone height and thickness showed significant changes in anchorage teeth, but there was no significant change in non-anchorage teeth ( P>0.05). Conclusion: No significant root resorption was found after MSE treatment. The alveolar height and thickness resorption was more severe in the anchorage teeth than in the non-anchorage teeth, which provided reference for clinical selection of dental expander types. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress and Application of Synthetic Nanosilicates in Biomedical Field WANG Mingxia, LIU Zhihui Journal of Oral Science Research    2021, 37 (4): 292-295.   DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2021.04.004 Abstract （374）      PDF （782KB）（1578）       Nanosilicates inorganic material synthesized by artificial methods has a nano-scale 2D structure. Its excellent physical and chemical properties as well as rich electrochemical characteristics have been widely used in the field of daily chemical, food, and sanitary materials. The good biocompatibility, certain antibacterial properties, and promotion of stem cell proliferation and differentiation have made it a potential to be applied in the field of biomedicine. This article mainly reviews the research progress of synthetic nanosilicates in biomedicine, the delivery of drug molecules, proteins, and growth factors, protection of skin and mucous membrane as a barrier, and as synthesize scaffold materials to regulate stem cell proliferation and differentiation in tissue engineering. Finally, the paper looks forward to the application of nanosilicates in the stomatology. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Three-dimensional Finite Element Analysis of Maxillary Central Incisors Restored with Three Kinds of Personalized Custom Post-and-core with Angles GUO Xiaoyang, CHEN Zhiyu, FU Yixuan, LI Shaoping, Gao Maomao Journal of Oral Science Research    2022, 38 (10): 954-958.   DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2022.10.011 Abstract （237）      PDF （1217KB）（435）       Objective: To analyze the stress distribution characteristics of different materials custom post-and-core at different angles for maxillary central incisor by three-dimensional finite element analysis. Methods: The models with different inclination angles of post-and-core-and-crown in the maxillary central incisor were created. Three post-and-core materials were used in the model: cast gold-palladium alloy, glass fiber reinforced resin, and carbon fiber reinforced polyether ether ketone (CFR-PEEK). They were finally restored with an all-ceramic crown. The equivalent stresses in the post-and-core and dentin of the different models were analyzed under centric occlusion. Results: At the same angle, the highest stresses in the cast gold-palladium post-and-core correspond to the lowest stresses in the dentin. The CFR-PEEK post-and-core exhibited the lowest equivalent stress, corresponding to the highest stress in dentin. The stress of post-and-core and dentin decreases with increasing buccal angle for the same material. Conclusion: The angle of the post-and-core had no significant effect on restoration and dentin resistance under the same loading direction. The post-and-core with a lower elastic modulus is recommended when the dentin ferrule is intact. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress of Porphyromonas Gingivalis Promoting Cardiovascular Disease WU Qinrui, PENG Xian Journal of Oral Science Research    2022, 38 (2): 108-112.   DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2022.02.003 Abstract （346）      PDF （1381KB）（844）       Chronic periodontitis and cardiovascular disease are two common chronic inflammatory diseases in today's society, which are affected by a variety of risk factors. Epidemiological investigations found that chronic periodontitis is closely related to increased cardiovascular disease risk. Porphyromonas gingivalis colonized in the gingival sulcus of chronic periodontitis patients could invade cardiovascular tissues through bacteremia and phagocyte-mediated pathways and secrete virulence factors. By triggering endotoxemia, endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, foam cell formation and lipid accumulation, vascular remodeling, plaque rupture and thrombosis, it leads to serious cardiovascular end-events. The study on the specific ways that Porphyromonas gingivalis affects cardiovascular disease provides a new method for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease, thereby reducing the burden of disease in society. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Relationship between Statins and Periodontitis LIU Yue, WANG Lei Journal of Oral Science Research    2020, 36 (9): 811-813.   DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2020.09.003 Abstract （324）      PDF （725KB）（821）       Statins, which can reduce the formation of cholesterol, are mainly used to treat cardiovascular diseases such as hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis. In recent years, studies have found that these drugs have anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and angiogenic effects, and promote the formation of osteoblasts. These characteristics provide great potential for statins to treat chronic inflammatory diseases such as periodontitis. In this paper, the mechanism of statin therapy for periodontitis and related in vivo and in vitro studies are discussed. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Recent Advance on Examination Methods of Invasion Depth of Early Oral Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma CHEN Zhuoxuan, CHEN Linlin Journal of Oral Science Research    2023, 39 (6): 487-490.   DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.06.004 Abstract （233）      PDF （959KB）（786）       Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common malignancy of the oral and maxillofacial region. The 8th edition Cancer Staging Manual of American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) refines the T categorization of oral cancer by incorporating the depth of invasion. The implementation of neck dissection is determined by the precise depth of invasion before surgery, and it is also beneficial to the evaluation of prognosis. This review summarizes the methods of histopathology, intraoral ultrasonography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging to measure the depth of invasion of OSCC in recent years. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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SMURF2/β-catenin Axis Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Periodontal Ligament Cells under Cyclic Stretch ZHANG Xiaocen, CHANG Maolin, ZOU Hao, LIU Xiaoyu, HAN Guangli Journal of Oral Science Research    2023, 39 (7): 619-624.   DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.07.010 Abstract （168）      PDF （1993KB）（774）       Objective: To investigate the effects and mechanisms of Smad ubiquitylation regulatory factor 2(SMURF2) in cyclic stretch-induced osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs). Methods: Cyclic stretch was applied on hPDLCs. The expression of SMURF2 and osteogenic genes were analyzed by qRT-PCR. The expression of SMURF2 and molecules mediating canonical WNT signaling were examined by western blotting. The osteogenic differentiation of hPDLCs was assessed by ALP staining and expression of osteogenic genes. A small interfering RNA was used to knockdown SMURF2 in hPDLCs to investigate effects of SMURF2 on the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLCs and canonical WNT signaling. Results: Expressions of SMURF2, ALP, OPN, OSX, COL-1, and β-catenin were up-regulated in hPDLCs applied cyclic stretch. Activity of ALP was also up-regulated in stretched cells. Depletion of SMURF2 impaired the activity of ALP, down-regulated the expression of ALP,OPN, and OSX genes, and β-catenin protein. However, the protein level of GSK-3β was not changed after SMURF2 depletion. Conclusion: SMURF2 may promote cyclic stretch-induced osteogenic differentiation of hPDLCs through canonical WNT signaling pathway. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Effects of Dental Follicle during Tooth Eruption and the Regulatory Mechanism HE Mengting, BAI Ding Journal of Oral Science Research    2020, 36 (2): 107-110.   DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2020.02.004 Abstract （460）      PDF （857KB）（759）       Tooth eruption is a series of complicated physiological processes that the tooth moves through the alveolar bone and the oral mucosa until it finally reaches the functional position. The eruption process is strictly controlled in time and space. The dental follicle, a layer of loose connective tissue from ectomesenchyme surrounding the developing tooth germ, is necessary for tooth eruption. It plays a key role in the tooth eruption by recruiting monocytes and regulating bone resorption and formation. Hence, this review describes the recent research progress on the effects and regulatory mechanism of dental follicle during tooth eruption. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Digital Technique in Occlusal Rehabilitaton of Full-arch Fixed Implant-supported Prostheses. CHEN Xiaodong, Qu Zhe Journal of Oral Science Research    2023, 39 (8): 663-670.   DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.08.001 Abstract （381）      PDF （1017KB）（750）       Full-arch fixed implant-supported prostheses are recognized on effective method for occlusal rehabilitation of edentulous patients. Literatures reported that the survival rates of implant and prosthesis can reach 86.9%-99.4% and 82.8%-94.1% respectively after 20 years follow-up. In order to achieve occlusal rehabilitation for patients with full-arch fixed implant-supported prostheses, the principle of gnathology should be followed, so that the system composed of teeth, occlusion, masticatory muscles, temporomandibular joints, and nerves should be coordinated and stable. With the development and completion of digital equipment and technique, there are various digital alternatives for each procedure of implant-supported fixed restoration in edentulous patients. The involvement of digital technique conforms to the concept of precision therapy and improves the predictability of treatment. In addition, digital technique enables the visualization of treatment effects, which is beneficial for the communication between doctors and patients. This article will describe the treatment procedure of occlusal rehabilitation of full-arch fixed implant-supported prostheses, and introduce various digital equipments and techniques applied, hoping to provide reference and help for clinical doctors. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Mechanisms of Metformin in Treatment of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma ZHANG Shichen, HAN Bing Journal of Oral Science Research    2020, 36 (12): 1091-1094.   DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2020.12.003 Abstract （263）      PDF （781KB）（456）       Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth common cancer in the world. Although therapies have been improved gradually, the 5-year survival rate of patients with HNSCC remains stable at about 63%. Currently, all therapeutic strategies have severe side effects which reduced the quality of life. Therefore, it is essential to find a new therapy with lower toxicity and higher safety. Metformin is a hypoglycemic agent of biguanide class. Researches have shown that the metformin could inhibit the development and progression of HNSCC, in addition to reduce blood glucose. Mechanisms of metformin against HNSCC might include reducing the level of insulin, inhibiting the mTOR pathway and cancer stem cells, inducing cell cycle arrest, promoting apoptosis and immunomodulation, and enhancing the effect of adjuvant therapies. This article reviews the possible mechanism of metformin against HNSCC based on current available literatures. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics