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28 June 2015, Volume 31 Issue 6 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Analysis of Oral Medical College Education, and Improve the Whole Medical Quality of Society. FENG Zhi-hong, ZHANG Shao-feng, ZHANG Yu-mei, et al. 2015, 31(6): 555-557.  Abstract ( 190 )   PDF (861KB) ( 256 )   Objective: To improve the quality of the whole medical guidance by comparing the oral medical education difference at home and abroad. Methods: Through comparing oral medical education from medical colleges constrution, teaching staff, teaching and examination mode between our country and Europe, the United States, Japan and other countries, we summarize reasons of poor ability of oral medical graduates in our country in comprehensive diagnosis and treatment. Results: There is a big gap at the above several aspects between our country and Europe and the United States. Conclusion: We should greatly increas oral medicine professional class hours, establish and improve the colleges and universities education supervision mechanism, increase the students' clinical practice, develop the training of comprehensive diagnosis and treatment. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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An Animal Model of Gingival Recession on Rats ZHAO Xiao-heng, MENG Liu-yan, BIAN Zhuan. 2015, 31(6): 564-567.  Abstract ( 460 )   PDF (2005KB) ( 499 )   Objective: To establish an animal model of gingival recession. Methods: We chose rats as the experimental subjects. In this study, we made specified defects close to the mesial surface of rats' maxillary first molars on the right side(treatment group). Then we closed the wounds. After two months, rats were sacrificed, we incised the bilateral maxillary molars and periodontal tissue, then measured the length from the occlusal surface to the mesial gingiva of the first maxillary molar. Results: The results showed that rats' gingiva appeared significant recession two weeks later (P<0.01). Conclusion: Gingival recession is a kind of common disease in clinical practice, this model on rats provides a better animal model compared with those large animals some researchers used before. It saves experimental outlay and spaces in the lab. It is more suitable for large numbers of experimental objects. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of BMP-6 on the Osteogenesis of Rat Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells under Stress Tensile. ZHANG Hao, XIONG Bo, JIANG Xiao-wen, et al. 2015, 31(6): 571-574.  Abstract ( 174 )   PDF (1046KB) ( 194 )   Objective: To evaluate the impact of BMP-6 on the osteogenesis of rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells under tensile stress. Methods: Different tensile stress was applied on rat BMMSCs by four-point bending apparatus for 60 minutes. Two hours later, the changes of the BMP-6 mRNA level and alkaline phosphate, osteocalcin and runt-related transcription factor 2 mRNA level were examined. Then under the poor osteogenesis condition(4000μstrain), the BMP-6 adenovirus transfected BMMSCs and control BMMSCs were also performed the same test to evaluate the osteogenic ability. Results: With the increase of tensile stress, the expression of BMP-6 was gradually increased, so was the osteogenic capacity. However, both of the BMP-6 expression and osteogenic capacity decreased obviously after the tensile stress exceeded 2000μstrain. Under the 4000μstrain stress tensile, the transfected cells presented better osteogenic ability than control cells. Conclusion: The proper tensile stress would promote BMP-6 expression and BMMSCs osteogensis. The BMP-6 would recover the compromised osteogenic ability by major stress tensile. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of GBE on the Proliferation and Osteogenic Differentiation of BMSCs. ZHANG Jia-di, SHI Shu-man, ZHANG Hai-yang, et al. 2015, 31(6): 575-579.  Abstract ( 218 )   PDF (2657KB) ( 281 )   Objective: To study the effects of GBE on proliferation and osteogenic differentiation process of rat BMSCs. Methods: By applying different concentrations of GBE on the third-generation of BMSCs,we evaluate its influence on the cell proliferation activity through CCK-8 assay and flow-cytometry analysis. Then we estimated the effect of osteogenic ability of GBE by alizarin red S and alkalinet phosphatase method. RT-PCR was taken to test the expression of the osteogenic specific genes (BMP-2, Runx2) mRNA. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between different concentrations of ginkgo biloba extract in the proliferation on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. However, GBE could make the cells in S phase of the cell cycles. GBE could significantly promote the expression of alkaline phosphatase, especially when the concentration was 150 mg/L. The osteogenic specific genes(BMP-2,Runx2)mRNA expression were also relatively higher than control group. Conclusion: Ginkgo biloba extract has a significantly positive effect on the osteogenic differentiation of the BMSCs. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Performance of Complex PEN Loading ODN MT01 and Its Effect on the Proliferation of Osteoblast. WANG Shu-ping,ZHENG Yi,SHEN Yu-qin,et al. 2015, 31(6): 580-583.  Abstract ( 148 )   PDF (1672KB) ( 217 )   Objective: To determinate the performance of PEI derivatives of PEN loading ODN MT01 and discuss the proliferation of MG63 cells transfected with PEN/ODN MT01 complex. Methods: The following methods use Nanodrop to determinate the loading efficiency and Agarose gel electrophoresis to determinate the capability of PEN with ODN MT01 by different mass ration. We use the Malvin particle potential to test the particle size and potential of PEN/ODN MT01 complex. By FCM to ensure which is the best ration at the same time by the fluorescence observation of PEN loading ODN MT01-Cy5 which transfects MG63. We detemine the cells of proliferation rate of PEN/MT01 complex by MTT detection. Results: The surface of PEN/MT01 complex is positively charged. Particle size is 90-110 nm,low cytotoxicity,and the quality ration of ODN MT01 and PEN is 1∶6,the loading ration is 77.67%. What is more,the transfection of MG63 cell florescence intensity is the largest. Conclusion: The mass ration of PEN and ODN MT01 is 1∶6; the ODN MT01 can be efficiently loaded,and can obviously promote the proliferation of MG 63 cells. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Simultaneous Analyses of Electrical Activities in Bilateral Trigeminal Motor Nucleus and Masseter Muscle during Masseter H-reflex in Rats YU Lan-fang, WANG Yun, WANG Meng-ya. 2015, 31(6): 584-587.  Abstract ( 216 )   PDF (1175KB) ( 249 )   Objective: To analyze the neural pathways and their underlying mechanisms of H-reflex in masseter muscles, the simultaneous recording techniques of electrical activities in bilateral trigeminal motor nucleus (Mo5) and masseter muscle during H-reflex were established in rats. Methods: Adult Wistar rats (n=5) were anesthetized and bilateral Mo5 were chosen to conduct extracellular recordings. Bilateral electromyography (EMG) of masseter muscle and other physiological functions were simultaneously monitored by a polygraph. The responses evoked by electrical stimulation of masseter nerve were preliminarily analyzed. Results: During the baseline recording for 30 minutes, a low-frequency discharge pattern was observed in bilateral Mo5 (Left: 1.25±0.09 Hz, Right: 1.20±0.39 Hz, P>0.05), but masseter EMG did not reveal any measurable activity. Not only ipsilateral masseter H-reflex but also contralateral masseter H-reflex were induced simultaneously by giving unilateral masseter nerve electrical stimulation. Moreover, responses of ipsilateral and contralateral Mo5 were evoked during the masseter H-reflex. The response amplitude of ipsilateral masseter EMG was higher than that of contralateral one (P<0.05), but no significant difference between ipsilateral and contralateral Mo5 was observed (P>0.05). Conclusion: It is feasible to analyze the electrical activities in bilateral Mo5 and masseter muscle during masseter H-reflex. This may serve as an appropriate approach to exploring the neural pathways and plasticity mechanisms of H-reflex in masseter muscles. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Based on the RANKL-RANK-OPG Axis to Investigate Tanshinol’s Prevention for Alveolar Bone Osteoporosis. ZHANG Xiao-yan, CUI Liao, WU Tie. 2015, 31(6): 588-590.  Abstract ( 173 )   PDF (1540KB) ( 494 )   Objective: To investigate the role of RANKL - RANK - OPG axis for tanshinol's prevention for alveolar bone osteoporosis. Methods: 24 rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: sham-ovariectomized rats, ovariectomized rats and ovariectomized rats with tanshinol treatment. After 90 days alveolar bone were dislodged to observe alveolar bone tissue morphology change. Histochemical staining was used to detect the activity of the TRAP in the alveolar bone tissue. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of RANKL and OPG in alveolar bone tissue. Results: Compared with ovariectomized rats, alveolar bone mass increased, the number of TRAP positive osteoclast and the ratio of RANKL/OPG decreased. Conclusion: Tanshinol may regulate the RANKL - RANK - OPG axis to prevent alveolar bone osteoporosis. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Changes of Serum IL-18 and sTREM－1 Levels in Experimental Periodontitis in Rats Before and After Treatment. SHI Li-ping, HE Yan-yan, WANG Li*. 2015, 31(6): 591-593.  Abstract ( 173 )   PDF (1474KB) ( 319 )   Objective: To observe the changes of serum IL-18(interleukin18) and sTREM-1(striggering receptor1 expressedon myeloid cells, TREM-1) levels before and after the foundation treatment in rats with periodontitis and explore the relationship between serum IL-18, sTREM-1 levels and response to treatment. Methods: 30 healthy 2 -month-old male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups (n=10). The rats with no other processing as the normal controls (Group A). The second premolars of group B and group C were ligated with silk, fed with a periodontitis recipe. After the success of modeling, we removed the silk of C group and then gave basic treatment. After two weeks, abdominal aortic blood and rats were killed, the level of IL-18 and sTREM-1 in serum were measured by ELISA. Results: In untreated periodontitis group the level of IL-18 and sTREM-1 in serum were significantly higher than the control group and the treatment of periodontitis -based group (P<0.05) and the level of IL-18 and sTREM-1 in serum of the treatment of periodontitis-based group was higher than the control group. Conclusion: The level of IL-18 and sTREM-1 in serum significantly increased in periodontitis groups, and obviously reduced after basic treatment. This indicated that the IL-18 and sTREM-1 levels could provide guidance for the diagnosis and prognosis of periodontitis, provide accurate and useful information for clinical workers, also could provide new therapeutic targets for clinical treatment. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Aluminum Borate Whiskers Silicone on the Mechanical Properties Rubber Soft Lining GAO Shi-jun, JIA Xiao-ke, LI Yi-ling, et al. 2015, 31(6): 594-596.  Abstract ( 171 )   PDF (1315KB) ( 193 )   Objective: To study the effects of aluminum borate whiskers on the mechanical properties of silicone rubber soft lining material. Methods: Aluminum borate whisker surface treated with 2.0% silane coupling agent were added into silicone rubber soft lining composite according to the following mass fraction:2%、3%、4%、5%.The group without any whiskers was prepared. The tensile stength, the elongation at break, and the Shore hardness of the composite according to national standards were measured. A specimens of each group was randomly selected to observe the dispersion conditions of whisker in the composite scanning electron microscope. Results: With the increase of aluminum borate whisker, Shore hardness increased, tensile strength and tensile elongation showed a downward trend after the first rise. The whole optimal dosage of aluminum borate whiskers was 4%. Conclusion: The amount of aluminum borate whiskers have some influence on the mechanical properties of silicone rubber soft lining. According to the content of aluminum borate in this experiment,when the dosage of aluminum borate whisker was 4%, the composite material could achieve better mechanical properties. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression and Clinicopathological Significance of CCND1, ORAOV1 and ERCC1 in Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma. HE Li-ming, GUO Xin-cheng, TAO Shan-song, et al. 2015, 31(6): 597-600.  Abstract ( 174 )   PDF (1416KB) ( 421 )   Objective: To study the expression of CCND1, ORAOV1 and ERCC1 genes in tongue squamous cell carcinoma(TSCC), and investigate their associations with the clinicopathological features. Methods: Expression of CCND1, ORAOV1 and ERCC1 were analyzed in tissue microarrays of 38 TSCC patients and 4 cases of normal tongue tissue by immunohistochemistry. Results: The expression of CCND1 was significantly higher in TSCC(P<0.05), while the level of CCND1 overexpression in TSCC showed no significant difference compared with that in normal tongue tissues. There were no correlations between the intensities of CCND1 and some tumour parameters, such as age, gender, histological grade, and lymph node metastasis. The expression of ORAOV1 in TSCC was significantly higher(P<0.05), and tightly associated with lymph node metastasis(P<0.05). Though the level of ORAOV1 overexpression was not significant in TSCC, ORAOV1 overexpression level was positively related to histological grade(P<0.05). Both the expression and overexpression of ERCC1 in TSCC were markly lower than those in the normal tissues(P<0.05), and showed a close correlation with lymph node metastasis(P<0.05); and the level of ERCC1 overexpression in the poor differentiation squamous cell carcinoma was higher than that in the well and moderate differentiation squamous cell carcinoma, but the difference was not significant. Conclusion: CCND1 and ORAOV1 were overexpressed in TSCC tissues while ERCC1 was significantly downregulated. The detection of CCND1, ORAOV1 and ERCC1 might play an important role in the early diagnosis of TSCC. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Visualization of Root Canal Morphology with Volume Rendering Technique Based on CBCT Images. ZHU Min, LIN Zi-tong, Wen Shan-hui, et al. 2015, 31(6): 601-603.  Abstract ( 290 )   PDF (1313KB) ( 623 )   Objective: To explore volume rendering technique of root canal morphology based on CBCT images. Methods: 32 mandibular incisors with complete root and apex and without endodontic treatment were collected and 8 patients with 32 mandibular incisors all the CBCT images were scanned at HZ mode for volume rendering. Before reconstruction, the root canal morphology was evaluated using the axial images and images using multiple planar reconstruction(MPR) technique. Simplant was used for indirect volume rendering. The number of root canal was evaluated based on the reconstructed images. Results: The accuracy of evaluation of root number for mandibular incisors was 96.9% in vitro and 93.4% in vivo with VR technique. There were no significant differences between MPR and VR for evaluation the number of root canal using fisher's exact test. Conclusion: VR technique is a visual and accurate method to show a second canal for mandibular incisors. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Ultrasonic Scalpel in the Harvesting of Anterolateral Thigh Flap. SUN Guo-wen, HU Qin-gang, WANG Zhi-yong. 2015, 31(6): 604-605.  Abstract ( 174 )   PDF (1164KB) ( 300 )   Objective: To evaluate the application value of ultrasonic scalpel in the harvesting of thigh flap. Methods: We applied focus ultrasonic scalpel in 20 cases for the harvesting of anterolateral thigh flap from August 2013 to August 2014. The ultrasonic scalpel was used to cut vastus lateral muscle and close the side branches of vessel pedicle. Results: There were less eschar, no smoke, no muscle twitching and no obvious bleeding in the cutting the muscle; There were good hemostatic effect, without ligation in the closing side branches of vessel pedicle in these 20 cases. Conclusion: The advantages of using focus ultrasonic scalpel were time-saving, less bleeding, small surgical trauma and quick recovery comparing to traditional method. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical Evaluation of Dental Marginal Bone Resorption of Oral Implant. MAIMAITIYIMING Maibubaimu , HUOJIA Muhetaer , WUSHOUER Baierna , et al. 2015, 31(6): 606-608.  Abstract ( 184 )   PDF (1082KB) ( 276 )   Objective: To observe the clinical effect of oral implant restoration of dentition defect. Methods: 47 cases of patients with a total of 94 Anthogyr implants were collected from 2009 January to 2014 January. The follow-up was 3-36 months. The patients were taken oral panoramic tomography after immediately implantation,3 months, 6 months and12 months implantation, and measured the bone resorption. Results: There was statistical significance in the bone resorption between different period of time after implantation. Between the implants after 3months and 6 months,between 6 months and (>12) months, between 12 months and (>12) months, peri-implant bone absorption was statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusion: After implant surgery for sixth months, bone resorption around implants was the maximum. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression and Clinical Significance of 4-1BBL in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas. HUANG Jing-dong, MENG Yu-sheng, LIN Yu-ting, et al. 2015, 31(6): 609-612.  Abstract ( 148 )   PDF (1463KB) ( 166 )   Objective: To study the differences of 4-1BBL expression between in oral squamous cell carcinomas and inflammation. Methods: The expression of 4-1BBL in oral squamous cell carcinomas, inflammation tissues and normal tissues were detected by PCR , Real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry. Results: The results of PCR showed that 4-1BBL in oral squamous cell carcinomas, inflammation tissues and normal tissues all had expressed. In addition, compared with normal tissues, the 4-1BBL mRNA expression in oral squamous cell carcinomas increased to 2.2106 fold (P<0.05); the expression in inflammation tissues imcreased to 1.1151 fold (P<0.05); In different differentiation stages of oral squamous cell carcinomas, it was 1.516 times of high differentiation group than moderately differentiation group (P<0.05), but also significantly higher than in poorly differentiated group (P<0.05). Immunohistochemical Results: compared with normal group, the expression of 4-1BBL was significantly more higher in squamous carcinoma tissues; the expression of 4-1BBL in inflammation tissue was between normal group and squamous cell carcinomas. At the same time the different differentiated squamous carcinoma tissues enhanced by the increasing of the degree of differentiation. Conclusion: The expression of 4-1BBL mRNA and protein in the oral squamous carcinoma tissues is significantly higher than normal and inflammation tissues; And its expression increases with the degree of differentiation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the Cervical Definition of Silicone Rubber Impression with Individual Teeth Tray. TANG Zhen-yu, QIAN Cheng-ming, WANG Hui, et al. 2015, 31(6): 613-615.  Abstract ( 150 )   PDF (815KB) ( 334 )   Objective: To investigate the clinical effect of individual teeth tray in clinical treat. Methods: 120 patients treated by crown restoration in premaxillary teeth region were randomly divided into 3 groups, and the impressions were prepared by one-step(group A), two-step(group B) technique of silicon rubber, and individual teeth tray impression technique(group C). Finally, we graded all data according to the criterion of the cervical accuracy, and Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the cervical accuracy among three test groups. Results: Among three groups there had significant difference (P<0.05). The outstanding rate of C group was significant higher than that of other 2 groups(P<0.05). Conclusion: The impression technique with individual teeth tray is better than conventional technique. The individual teeth tray can copy the shoulder and the tissue under the shoulder accurately, and can improve the marginal fit of the prosthesis. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical Study on Oral Candida Infection, Positive Rate and Influencing Factors in Patients with Diabetes and Impaired Glucose Regulation. NI Huan-sheng. 2015, 31(6): 616-618.  Abstract ( 151 )   PDF (873KB) ( 206 )   Objective: To study the oral Candida infection in population with impaired diabetes and glucose regulation. Methods: According to the blood glucose level, 328 cases were divided into group A (diabetic group) 166 cases and group B (impaired glucose regulation group) 162 cases. The normal population of blood sugar in 168 cases was set as control group (group C). Candida infection, the positive cases, subjects fasting blood glucose, the pH of saliva, salivary flow rate, effect on salivary Candida positive, infection factors were recorded and given Logistic regression analysis. Results: Oral Candida infection rate and positive rate was in group A the highest (P<0.01). The pH of saliva and salivary flow of group A and B were lower than those in group C (P<0.01). The fasting blood glucose level of group A was the highest, fasting blood glucose level of group B was higher than that in group C (P<0.01). Conclusion: Age, smoking, wearing dentures and associated with systemic disease factors and oral Candida positive detection and infection are closely related and are the main risk factors. Therefore, the high risk population of Candida infections should establish healthy habits, close monitoring of blood sugar levels, maintain oral hygiene, do a good job of Candida infection prevention and control work. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Simplified Ethanol Wet Bonding on the Bond Strength of Carious Affected Dentin. LIN Fei, GUAN Wei-qun. 2015, 31(6): 619-622.  Abstract ( 164 )   PDF (1471KB) ( 350 )   Objective: To evaluate the effect of simplified ethanol wet bonding technique on caries affected dentin(CAD) bonding properties through micro-tensile strength(μTBS) test. Methods: 36 extracted human molars with coronal dentin caries were selected. The softened carious dentin was removed with a slow speed carbon steel bur. The remaining cavity wall was removed and a relatively flat surface in the same level of CAD lesion was obtained using a high speed diamond bur with water coolant. The teeth were randomly distributed across three groups of bonding agent (Experimental hydrophobic adhesive, Adper Single bond plus, Prime & Bond NT)and two subgroups of substrate condition (water- or ethanol-wet). A 4-5mm high resin crown was built up on the adhesive interface using resin composite, stratified cured. Samples were prepared into beams about 1mm×1mm×8mm for μTBS tests with universal testing machine. 8 specimens were selected from each group. Results: In the experimental hydrophobic adhesive group, simplified ethanol wet bonding can significantly improve the adhesion bond strength of the CAD. A significant difference was observed. In the SB and PB groups, compared with traditional wet bonding, simplified ethanol wet bonding had higher bond strength, but no significant difference was observed. Conclusion: Simplified ethanol wet bonding technique can improve the bond strength of CAD, especially when combined with hydrophobic adhesive References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Resin Adhesive and Resin-modified Glass Ionomer Cement on Enamel Discoloration after Bracket Bonding. LEI Lang, DONG Min, XU Lin-yu, et al. 2015, 31(6): 623-625.  Abstract ( 144 )   PDF (868KB) ( 336 )   Objective: To explore the effects of resin adhesive and resin-modified glass ionomer cement on enamel discoloration after orthodontic bracket placement. Methods: 60 freshly extracted premolars were randomly assigned to blank control group, resin adhesive and resin-modified glass ionomer cement group. Measurement of parameters of L*, a* and b* was conducted before bracket placement, after debonding and tea-staining, and △E* was calculated to evaluate color changes. Results: Before and after bracket-bonding, △E* in resin adhesive group (3.18±0.27) and glass ionomer cement group (3.17±0.64) were significantly higher than blank control group (1.89±0.16) (P<0.05); after tea staining, △E* in resin adhesive group (4.25±0.51) and glass ionomer cement group (4.60±0.52) were significantly higher than blank control group (2.43±0.24)(P<0.05) with clinically significant color change in resin adhesive and glass ionomer cement group;no statistical difference was observed in resin adhesive group and glass ionomer cement group. Conclusion: Both resin adhesive and resin-enhanced glass ionomer cement may cause significant enamel discoloration and staining susceptibility, whereas no difference was observed between the two adhesive systems. References | Related Articles | Metrics