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28 February 2020, Volume 36 Issue 2 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Research Progress on Relationship between Oral Microbes and Digestive System Cancer ZHANG Zhimin, CHENG Boqun 2020, 36(2): 93-97.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2020.02.001 Abstract ( 363 )   PDF (821KB) ( 341 )   The human oral microbiota plays an important role in both human health and disease states. Over the past decade, the interaction between microbes and cancer has attracted much attention in understanding the various characteristics of complex microbial communities and the possible mechanisms by which microbiota participates in cancer prevention, carcinogenesis, and anticancer therapy. Numerous studies have shown that microbial disorders lead to cancer susceptibility through a variety of pathways. In this article, the effects of oral microbiota on digestive system cancers (including esophageal cancer, gastric cancer pancreatic cancer, and colorectal cancer) are reviewed to provide references for further research on the relationship between oral microbiota and digestive system cancers, as well as oral microbiota and systemic diseases and cancers. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Characteristics of Dental Emergencies During COVID-19 Outbreak in Wuhan ZHAO Dan, YU Jingjing, LIU Pingxian, LI Zhiyong 2020, 36(2): 98-103.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2020.02.002 Abstract ( 362 )   PDF (976KB) ( 208 )   Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics of dental emergency patients during COVID-19 outbreak. Methods: Dental emergency patients were recruited in the Stomatology Hospital of Wuhan University from February 22th 2020 to March 2th 2020. The basic information of gender, age, nationality, body temperature, COVID-19 epidemiological investigation, and diagnosis of oral disease were analyzed and summarized. Results: A total of 191 individuals sought for emergency dental treatment from February 22th 2020 to March 2th 2020, with age of 41.26±16.84. The majority of patients were male (54.97%). One individual attending had fever. Two individuals including 1 foreigner were confirmed COVID-19 who had been cured. Three individuals had contacted with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 patients. The most common diagnosis was pulpitis and periapical periodontitis(48.17%), followed by periodontitis(13.61%) and pericoronitis of the third molar of the mandible(13.09%). Conclusion: The types of dental emergency diseases during COVID-19 are various. Attention should be paid to the health status of patients, especially elderly patients. The body temperature test and COVID-19 epidemiological investigation should be strengthened for patients. Dental emergency workers should have sufficient general dental knowledge and careful preparation of personal protective equipment to prevent the cross-infection and the spread of the epidemic. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Management of General Anesthesia in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery during the Period of Novel Corona Virus Pneumonia Outbreak LI Meisheng, WANG Miao 2020, 36(2): 104-106.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2020.02.003 Abstract ( 503 )   PDF (755KB) ( 435 )   Due to the particularity of oral therapy, floating particles such as droplets and aerosols will inevitably be produced during the treatment. During the critical period of prevention and control of new coronavirus pneumonia, oral and maxillofacial surgery is greatly affected. Meanwhile, oral and maxillofacial general anesthesia can easily cause the spread of virus in the process of airway management, which also brings great challenges to anesthesia management. From the perspective of specialty, we discuss the general anesthesia management in order to provide reference for the implementation of general anesthesia in oral and maxillofacial surgery in the period of virus infection. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Effects of Dental Follicle during Tooth Eruption and the Regulatory Mechanism HE Mengting, BAI Ding 2020, 36(2): 107-110.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2020.02.004 Abstract ( 418 )   PDF (857KB) ( 476 )   Tooth eruption is a series of complicated physiological processes that the tooth moves through the alveolar bone and the oral mucosa until it finally reaches the functional position. The eruption process is strictly controlled in time and space. The dental follicle, a layer of loose connective tissue from ectomesenchyme surrounding the developing tooth germ, is necessary for tooth eruption. It plays a key role in the tooth eruption by recruiting monocytes and regulating bone resorption and formation. Hence, this review describes the recent research progress on the effects and regulatory mechanism of dental follicle during tooth eruption. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A Review of Four Reciprocating Single-file Systems FENG Hailing, SHI Lu 2020, 36(2): 111-113.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2020.02.005 Abstract ( 266 )   PDF (777KB) ( 974 )   The introduction of reciprocating single file is a breakthrough in the concept of root canal preparation. The application of thermal-treated nickel-titanium alloy enables this concept to be implemented in clinic. With superior properties and short learning curve, reciprocating nickel-titanium instruments have been widely used clinically. This article reviews the design characteristics and clinical operation properties of four reciprocating single-file systems. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Repairing the Penetrating Defect After Surgery of Palatal Malignant Tumors LIU Kun, LI Jun 2020, 36(2): 114-116.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2020.02.006 Abstract ( 240 )   PDF (766KB) ( 265 )   Palatal tumors are common diseases in maxillofacial region. Surgical excision of palatal malignant tumors is the primary cause of palatal penetrating defects. The palatal penetrating defects can cause oronasal fistula and affect the physiological function of the mouth and nose. The repair of palatal penetrating defect is particularly important. This article reviews the methods of repairing palatal penetrating defect proposed by domestic and overseas scholars. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Anchorage Design and Clinical Control of Premolar Extraction Treatment with Clear Aligner Technique XIANG Xiaosong, CANG Song 2020, 36(2): 117-120.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2020.02.007 Abstract ( 411 )   PDF (781KB) ( 524 )   The birth of clear aligner technique (CAT) has satisfied people’s need for aesthetic and comfort orthodontics. At present, CAT has been widely used in clinic and become a good method for adults and adolescents. At the beginning, the clear aligners could only be used for simple orthodontic treatment, such as aligning the dentition. However, with the constant study of clear aligner manufacturers and the clinicians, the clear aligner technique has been improved and gradually refined, in which the premolar extraction treatment tends to mature. This article reviews the anchorage design and clinical control of premolar extraction treatment with the clear aligner technique. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect and Mechanism of Astragaloside on Regulating the Inflammatory Response and Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Periodontal Ligament Cells WANG Suwen, LAI Siyu, XI Lijun, WANG Lihong 2020, 36(2): 121-125.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2020.02.008 Abstract ( 238 )   PDF (1542KB) ( 191 )   Objective: To observe the effect and mechanism of astragaloside on regulating the inflammatory response and osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) infected by Porphyromonas gingivalis through NLRP3 inflammasome. Methods: Primary hPDLCs were cultured and digested, and the third generation of hPDLCs was divided into control group, infection group, astragaloside group, astragaloside+ NLR family, and pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) overexpression group. Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-18, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), NLRP3, cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-1 (Caspase-1), Runt-related transcription factor (RUNX2), and osteopontin (OPN) in cells were detected. Alizarin red staining was performed after mineralization induction to observe the mineralized nodules. Results: The contents of IL-1β and IL-18 in the culture medium and the expressions of IL-1β, IL-18, NLRP3, and Caspase-1 in the cells of the astragaloside group were significantly lower than those of the infection group. The activity of ALP in the culture medium, the expression of RUNX2 and OPN in the cells, and the number of mineralized nodules were higher than those of the infection group. The contents of IL-1β and IL-18 in the culture medium and the expressions of IL-1β, IL-18, NLRP3, and Caspase-1 in the cells of astragaloside+NLRP3 overexpression group were significantly higher than those of the astragaloside group. The activity of ALP in the culture medium, the expressions of RUNX2 and OPN in the cells, and the number of mineralized nodules were lower than those of the astragaloside group. Conclusion: Astragaloside can inhibit the inflammatory response of porphyromonas gingivalis infected hPDLCs and promote the osteogenic differentiation by inhibiting the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation of Antibacterial Periodontal Guided Tissue Regeneration Membrane MA Zhangyu, ZHANG Congxiao 2020, 36(2): 126-130.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2020.02.009 Abstract ( 250 )   PDF (2845KB) ( 130 )   Objective: To prepare antibacterial periodontal guided tissue regeneration membrane by grafting 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (2-MPC) onto PLGA film. Methods: 2-MPC was grafted to PLGA surface by ultraviolet induced grafting polymerization. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) was used to confirm the success of grafting. The surface morphology of the samples was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The samples were fixed with 2.5% glutaraldehyde for 10 h after incubating with E. coli and S. aureus at a concentration of 1×106 CFU/mL (in PBS) for 4 h. And then the samples were dehydrated in graded series of ethanol solutions, dried at room temperature, coated with gold, and examined by SEM. In addition, mouse osteoblastic cell line MC3T3-E1 was seeded on the surface of the material and cultured for 12 h. The living cell staining was conducted to observe the cell morphology on the surface of the samples. Results: FTIR and SEM showed that 2-MPC was successfully grafted on the PLGA membrane. The grafted materials possessed excellent resistance to E. coli and S. aureus, and MPC did not significantly influence the biocompatibility of the materials in vitro. Conclusion: PLGA grafted with 2-MPC could be used as a kind of periodontal tissue guided regeneration membrane which has antibacterial property and biocompatibility. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Correlation between Shh Protein and Inflammatory Degree of Chronic Periodontitis YANG Lei, GUO Liuyun, CHENG Zhifen, LI Bihao 2020, 36(2): 131-134.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2020.02.010 Abstract ( 200 )   PDF (777KB) ( 172 )   Objective: To investigate the correlation between Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) protein and inflammatory degree of chronic periodontitis in Shh signaling pathway. Methods: The gingival crevicular fluid samples were collected from 20 healthy controls, 20 patients with mild periodontitis, and 20 patients with moderate to severe periodontitis. Gingival crevicular fluid level of Shh protein, IL-6, and IL-10 were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: The levels of Shh protein and IL-6 in gingival crevicular fluid were higher in chronic periodontitis group than those in healthy control group (P<0.05), and in moderate and severe chronic periodontitis group were higher than those in mild chronic periodontitis group (P<0.05). The level of IL-10 in mild chronic periodontitis group was higher than that in healthy control group and moderate-severe chronic periodontitis group (P<0.05), and that in healthy control group was higher than that in moderate-severe chronic periodontitis group (P<0.05). The levels of Shh protein and IL-6 were positively correlated with BI and PD (P<0.05). Conclusion: Ssh signaling pathway may be involved in the inflammatory response of chronic periodontitis. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Change of TGF-β+ Regulatory B Cells during Periodontitis HAN Yakun, YU Chengcheng, YU Yan 2020, 36(2): 135-138.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2020.02.011 Abstract ( 196 )   PDF (782KB) ( 119 )   Objective: To explore the change of TGF-β+ regulatory B cells during periodontitis, and to find out its possible mechanism. Methods: Experimental periodontitis animal model using SD rats was set. The animals were sacrificed after 28 days. The gingiva and peripheral blood were obtained for further research. The proportion of TGF-β+ regulatory B cells was detected by flow cytometry. The expression of BAFF, APRIL, and IL-33 were analyzed by real time PCR. Results: In comparison with healthy animals, the proportion of TGF-β+ regulatory B cells in periodontitis ones were significantly higher (P<0.05). However, in the peripheral blood, they were similar (P>0.05). Compared with healthy ones, the expression of BAFF, APRIL, and IL-33 in the gingiva were significantly higher in the periodontitis group. However, in the peripheral blood, there was no significant difference. Conclusion: The higher proportion of TGF-β+ regulatory B cells detected in gingiva of periodontitis animals may relate to the increased expression of local BAFF, APRIL, and IL-33. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Role of TLR4 in Liver Inflammation Induced by Chronic Periodontitis in Rats YUE Yiyun, DING Xiaohan, LI Yan, XIA Boyuan, WANG Wentian, YU Weixian 2020, 36(2): 139-142.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2020.02.012 Abstract ( 201 )   PDF (1024KB) ( 172 )   Objective:To investigate the role of TLR4 in liver inflammation induced by chronic periodontitis in rats. Methods:Twenty-four male Wistar rats were randomly euqally divided into two groups. In the periodontitis group, 20 μL Pg-LPS (1 g/L) was injected into the first and second gingival furrow of the maxilla on both sides of the rats, once every other day, three times a week, for 6 weeks. The control group was not treated. 12 h after the last injection of Pg-LPS, rats were sacrificed and the maxilla and liver were extracted. Histological method was used to detect the inflammatory response of the liver. qRT-PCR and Western blotting were used to detect the expression of TLR4, TNF-α, and IL-6. Results:HE staining showed that the hepatic cord was disorganized in the liver tissue of rats with chronic periodontitis, infiltrated by inflammatory cells such as neutrophils, and a large number of liver cells presented vacuolar changes. qRT-PCR results showed that the expression levels of TLR4, TNF-α, and IL-6 in the liver of rats in the chronic periodontitis group were higher than those in the control group. Western blot result of TLR4 was consistent with the gene expression. Conclusion:TLR4 plays an important role in the inflammatory changes of liver induced by chronic periodontitis in rats. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A Clinical Analysis of 27 Cases of Vascular Malformations in the Floor of Mouth MIAO Fan, JIA Jun, ZHAO Yifang 2020, 36(2): 143-147.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2020.02.013 Abstract ( 207 )   PDF (1860KB) ( 209 )   Objective: To provide a reference for the diagnosis and treatment of vascular malformations in the floor of mouth. Methods: A retrospective study was performed on vascular malformations in the floor of mouth by assessing the clinical data of 27 patients. Results: There were more women than men in the patients, half of whom were aged 4 years or younger. Mostly, the lesions occurred at birth or within a few months after birth, with the main symptom was progressive growth. Venous malformations and lymphatic malformations were the most common types, majority of which were presented as single lesion, and sometimes they were misdiagnosed as tumors or cysts of salivary glands in the floor of mouth. The treatments, in our study, were primarily sclerotherapy and surgical excision. Some patients underwent a preventive tracheotomy. Conclusion: Vascular malformations in the floor of mouth occurred mainly in children. Auxiliary examination would be necessary to achieve an accurate diagnosis in some cases. The treatments were principally sclerotherapy and surgical excision. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical Comparison of Two Kinds of Cleft Palate Repair Methods in Treatment of Over-wide Incomplete Cleft Palate LI Tianyi, XU Mingyao, WAN Yanjun, ZHANG Yang, CHENG Yusheng, ZHANG Hongchuang, WANG Chao, ZHANG Yang 2020, 36(2): 148-151.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2020.02.014 Abstract ( 226 )   PDF (1147KB) ( 245 )   Objective: To compare the clinical effects of Langenbeck and modified Langenbeck methods in repairing over-wide incomplete cleft palate. Methods: Forty children with incomplete cleft palate who underwent palatoplasty in Xuzhou State Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University from January 2012 to December 2014 were selected. The age ranged from 2 to 5 years and the width of cleft was more than 2.5 cm. The recovery status of two groups was observed. Cone beam CT was used to observe and measure postoperative maxillary development. Lateral cranial radiographs were used to evaluate velopharyngeal function. Speech intelligibility evaluation was also carried out. Results: Compared with the control group, the patients in the experimental group recovered better with slight scar and good maxillary development, a well-developed maxilla, velopharyngeal closure, and high articulation clarity. Conclusion: For too wide cleft palate patients, the operation of Langenbeck combined with buccal mucous membrane flap can effectively avoid the bare bone surface, reduce scar hyperplasia, and improve velopharyngeal closure and speech function. It is a new functional cleft palate repair method and worthy to be recommended. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical Analysis of Vacuum Sealing Drainage in Treatment of Severe Oral and Maxillofacial Space Infection WANG Bing, LIU Ningning, GONG Zhongcheng 2020, 36(2): 152-157.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2020.02.015 Abstract ( 200 )   PDF (1690KB) ( 160 )   Objective: To analyze the clinical parameters, treatment method, and treatment effects in patients with severe and profound oral and maxillofacial space infections. Methods: Clinical characteristics of eighteen patients with severe oral and maxillofacial space infections were collected from Nov. 2011 to Apr. 2018. Twelve patients were male and six were female, from 16 to 75 years old and the median age was 54 years old. All patients were underwent surgical and vacuum sealing drainage therapy. Results: Twelve patients were diagnosed with severe oral and maxillofacial space infections and six patients were diagnosed with profound oral and maxillofacial space infections. Sixty-two complications were developed in 17 patients, and eight out of eighteen patients had underlying systemic disease like diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hepatitis, and etc. Patients were underwent surgical intervention at the median of 6.125 hours after admission. All patients were survived. Conclusion: Accurate diagnosis, aggressive management, vacuum sealing drainage, and multidisciplinary assistance are all necessary for treating severe oral and maxillofacial space infection. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Exploration and Study of PD-1 Antibody Combined with Anti-angiogenesis Targeted Therapy in Advanced Recurrent and Metastatic Head and Neck Tumors LI Yi, DOU Shengjin, ZHANG Lin, LI Rongrong, ZHU Guopei 2020, 36(2): 158-163.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2020.02.016 Abstract ( 176 )   PDF (7534KB) ( 90 )   Objective: To observe the efficacy and tolerance of PD-1 antibody combined with anti-vascularized targeted therapy in advanced recurrent metastatic head and neck tumors. Methods: The clinical data of 4 patients with advanced recurrence and metastatic head and neck tumors treated with PD-1 monoclonal antibody combined with anti-vascular targeted therapy were retrospectively analyzed. RECIST 1.1 was used to evaluate the efficacy of 4 patients and observe their tolerance to treatment. Results: In the 4 patients treated with PD-1 monoclonal antibody combined with anti-vessel targeted therapy, 1 patient achieved CR, 1 patient achieved PR, 1 patient showed focal shrinkage and symptom relief despite SD, and 1 patient showed PD. No bleeding occurred during the medication, and the overall tolerance of the patients to the treatment was good, with no significant grade 3-4 adverse reactions. Conclusion: PD-1 antibody combined with anti-vascular targeted therapy is a new choice for the treatment of head and neck tumors with advanced recurrence and metastasis, and it is well tolerated. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Odontogenic Tumors in Southwest China Over a 14-year Retrospective Study of 494 Cases QIAN Yemei, PAN Guoqing, WANG Weihong, LOU Huiquan, LI Jingyi, ZHANG Zhe 2020, 36(2): 164-166.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2020.02.017 Abstract ( 148 )   PDF (804KB) ( 132 )   Objective: To investigate the clinicopathologic features of odontogenic tumors (OTs) in southwest China and compare the epidemiologic characteristics of OTs with other areas in order to provide assistance in clinical diagnosis and related research of OTs. Methods: 494 patients with OTs from January 2005 to April 2019 were retrospectively analyzed and the differences in epidemiological status were compared with other areas. Results: Among 494 OTs patients in southwest China, 271 (54.9%) were males and 223 (45.1%) were females. The male-to-female ratio was 1.22∶1. The average age of OTs was (32.99±15.96) years. 484 cases (98%) of OTs were benign, and 10 cases (2%) were malignant. Among all OTs, ameloblastoma (AME) was the most common, accounting for 403 cases (81.6%), followed by 34 cases (6.9%) of Odontomas. The mandible-to-maxilla ratio of OTs was 5.1∶1, and 413 cases (83.6%) occurred in the mandible. Conclusion: The most common OTs in southwest China is AME, especially in young males' mandibles. The incidence of OTs and AME in southwest China is about 0.98 and 0.80 per million person-years, respectively. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of Clinical and Pathological Factors Affecting Prognosis of Patients in Major Salivary Glands Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma Based on SEER Database ZOU Huihui, XU Wenguang, YIN Xiteng, HAN Wei, JIANG Linlin 2020, 36(2): 167-171.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2020.02.018 Abstract ( 229 )   PDF (2165KB) ( 251 )   Objective: investigate the clinicopathological features affecting patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma based on a public database SEER (Surveillance Epidemiology, and End Results). Methods: Data from patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma in major salivary gland from 2004 to 2015 were downloaded from the SEER public database. Both univariate and multivariate COX regression analysis were applied to investigate the key clinicopathological parameters associated with prognosis. Results: A total of 428 ACC patient' data with complete clinical follow-up information were included in the study. The multivariate COX regression analysis proved that tumor site, T stage, N stage, M stage, and histological grade were independent factors affecting the patients prognosis (P<0.05). Conclusion: Tumor site, T stage, N stage, M stage, and histological grade were independent factors affecting the prognosis which would be a great assist for the clinical treatment. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence of Width of Fracture Line on Detection of Subtle Vertical Root Fracture in Endodontically Treated Teeth using Cone Beam CT Gvlbira Ahmat, CAO Ya, XIE Sijing, WANG Tiemei, LIANG Jiahao, GAO Antian, WANG Congyue, LIN Zitong 2020, 36(2): 172-176.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2020.02.019 Abstract ( 221 )   PDF (2414KB) ( 189 )   Objective: To explore the influence of width of fracture lines on the detection of subtle vertical root fracture (VRF) in endodontically treated teeth using cone beam CT (CBCT). Methods: Twenty-six patients with incredulous VRFs in endodontically treated teeth were collected from March 2016 to March 2019. All patients were performed CBCT scan and evaluated the presence or absence of fracture line. All teeth were extracted due to diagnosis of VRF or severe bone loss. The position of the fracture line was confirmed and recorded under a microscope, and the teeth were immediately subjected to micro-CT scan in vitro, and the ImageJ was used to measure the width of fracture line on micro-CT images. Results: Of 26 teeth, 24 teeth were confirmed to be VRFs with 49 fracture lines. 11 teeth were diagnosed VRF using CBCT before extraction. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 45.83%, 100%, and 50%. All 24 teeth that were diagnosed as VRF by micro-CT. the accuracy was 100% for diagnosis of VRF teeth and 95.92% for fracture lines. The width of fracture line was between 15 μm-99 μm in CBCT negative group and 62 μm-288 μm in CBCT positive group. There was a significant difference of the width of the fracture line between two groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: The accuracy of CBCT detection in subtle vertical root fracture in endodontically treated teeth is relatively poor, and the width is an important factor affecting CBCT diagnosis. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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X-ray Film Follow-up Observation and Analysis of Intrusive Luxation Immature Permanent Teeth YAN Sisi,WANG Hu, LIU Yuanyuan, LIAO Lan 2020, 36(2): 177-180.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2020.02.020 Abstract ( 282 )   PDF (1471KB) ( 262 )   Objective: To follow up and have a detailed review of the X-ray film of intrusive luxation immature permanent teeth. And to observe tooth restoration, root development as well as root resorption, and analyze the associated factors. Methods: By collecting the diagnosis and treatment data of intrusive luxation immature permanent teeth which were admitted from January 2013 to March 2019, X-ray films, teeth restoration, and root development and resorption were analyzed. Results: All teeth were finished restoration, in which root development accounted for 66.7% and replacement resorption accounted for 25%. Mild intrusion was beneficial to reduce pulp necrosis (P=0.008) and re-eruption could reduce replacement resorption (P=0.005). The root of tooth with survived pulp continued to grow, without the sign of replacement resorption (P<0.001). Conclusion: The pulp of immature permanent tooth with intrusive luxation can survive, with its root continuing to grow. Pulp survival is beneficial for root development, reducing the replacement resorption. However, in severe intrusion immature permanent tooth, there is a potential eruption. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Dexmedetomidine on Stress Reaction and Awakening Quality in Children with Dental Caries under General Anesthesia LIU Guang, LIU Zhina, ZHANG Ling, JIN Hongquan, WANG Xiaodan, QIAO Weina, SANG Hongyang 2020, 36(2): 181-184.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2020.02.021 Abstract ( 204 )   PDF (774KB) ( 143 )   Objective: To explore the effects of dexmedetomidine on the stress reaction and awakening quality in children with dental caries under general anesthesia. Methods: 64 pediatric patients undergoing elective dental treatment under general anesthesia (aged 3~6 years, ASA grade Ⅰ) were randomly divided into two groups (n=32) using a random number table: dexmedetomidine group (group D) and control group (group C). Group D received 0.5 μg/kg dexmedetomidine at the beginning of anesthesia induction for 15 minutes, and then continued to pump at the rate of 0.4 μg·kg-1·h-1 until 30 minutes before the end of operation. In group C, normal saline was pumped in the same way. HR, MBP, Cor, NE, and Glu were recorded before anesthesia, 1 hour after the operation, at the end of operation, and at the time of awakening. Time of operation, total dosage of propofol, time of spontaneous breathing recovery, time of extubation, Ramsay score, FLACC score, and PAED score were recorded. Results: There was no significant difference in HR and MAP between groups at T0 (P＞0.05). HR and MAP in group D were significantly lower than those in group C at T1, T2 and T3 (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in Cor, NE, and Glu between two groups at T0 (P＞0.05). Cor, NE, and Glu in group D were significantly lower than those in group C at T1, T2, and T3 (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in recovery time of spontaneous breathing and extubation time between two groups (P＞0.05). Compared with group C, the total dosage of propofol, Ramsay score, FLACC score, and PAED score in group D were significantly lower than those in group C (P<0.05). Conclusion: Continuous infusion of dexmedetomidine during general anesthesia for children with dental caries can stabilize perioperative hemodynamics, reduce stress reaction, and improve awakening quality. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Fusion of A Supernumerary Tooth With A Maxillary Central Incisor: A Case Report XIE Yanyan, GAO Hong, WANG Xueqin 2020, 36(2): 185-186.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2020.02.022 Abstract ( 269 )   PDF (2720KB) ( 243 )   Fused teeth are formed by the fusion of the enamel or dentin of two or more tooth germs. In this paper, we report a case of fused tooth misdiagnosed as supernumerary tooth, which was extracted and replanted. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Melanotic Neuroectodermal Tumor of Infancy in Maxilla: A Case Report TANG Yan, HOU Guoqi, JIANG Junqiang, WANG Lijuan, LI Yingming 2020, 36(2): 187-188.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2020.02.023 Abstract ( 197 )   PDF (3994KB) ( 137 )   Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy (MNTI) is an extremely uncommon pigmented neoplastic entity originated from neural crest. The clinical manifestations, CT, and pathology were analyzed in this article in order to provide evidences for clinical diagnosis and treatment. References | Related Articles | Metrics