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28 September 2015, Volume 31 Issue 9 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Construction of Doxycycline-inducible Adenoviral Vector-mediated Expression of Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor in Vitro SONG Ke, CHEN Mei-ling, SHI Qi, QING Ying, CAO Ying-guang 2015, 31(9): 851-855.  Abstract ( 141 )   PDF (1133KB) ( 159 )   Objective: To establish the dox-inducible adenoviral vector and to evaluate its ability to deliver bFGF to cells in bone tissue engineering. Methods: The adenoviral vector pAAV-S3-bFGF was constructed. Adenovirus was packaged in HEK293 cells and then infected the mouse osteoblastic cells (MC3T3-E1). The efficiency of infection was evaluated by real-time PCR and Western blot. Results: The recombinant adenovirus rAAV2-tet-off-bFGF was regulated by Dox. MC3T3-E1 cells could be efficiently infected. Additionally, the expression of osteogenesis-related genes was significantly increased in vitro. Conclusion: The rAAV2-tet-off-bFGF can deliver exogenous genes efficiently into MC3T3-E1 cells, and has the potential to be used in bone tissue engineering. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation of Porous Granular HAPw/n-ZnO Composite Materials JIANG Xue-quan, ZHANG Wen-yun , CHEN Qing-hua 2015, 31(9): 856-859.  Abstract ( 126 )   PDF (1005KB) ( 200 )   Objective: To prepare porous HAPw/n-ZnO granules fromHAPw/n-ZnO powder. Method: HAPw/n-ZnO powder was mixed with silicon sol and calcined at different temperatures. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was used to determine the optimal reaction temperature for the mixture. To obtain granules with pore diameter at about 100-250um, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and 30wt% of silica sol were respectively employed as pore-forming agent and binder. XRD, scanning electron microscope (SEM), universal testing machine, and Archimedes principle were employed to analyze the new material. Results: The mixture of silicon sol and HAPw/n-ZnO could react at the temperature higher than 600℃. Heat preservation at 600℃ for 2 hours led to the optimal porosity. 64.2% porosity could be obtained when pore-forming agent content was 40% (v:v), and the compression strength was 0.9MPa. Conclusion: Porous granular HAPw/n-ZnO composite material can be efficiently prepared by pore-forming agent method. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Investigation of Oral Health in 4311 Undergraduate Students from Different Nationalities XIE Pei-yuan, YU Zhan-hai, ZHU Yu-juan, LI Zhi-qiang, ZHOU Jian-ye 2015, 31(9): 860-862.  Abstract ( 153 )   PDF (757KB) ( 383 )   Objective: To investigate the oral health status in undergraduate students from different nationalities, to explore the correlation between their dental caries and periodontal disease, and to guide the undergraduate university students’ oral preventive health care. Methods: 4311 undergraduate students in Northwest University of Nationalities were investigated in this study according to the criterion issued by World Health Organization (WHO) and the third China Oral Health Epidemiology Survey Protocol. The inspection indicators included dental caries, gingivitis and dental calculus. Results: The respective prevalence rates of dental caries, gingivitis and dental calculus were 38.60%, 32.87% and 47.83%. There was significant difference between the males and females on the prevalence rates of dental caries, gingivitis and dental calculus (P< 0.01). The prevalence rates of dental caries in the Tibetan (58.19%), the Mongolian (51.05%), and the Uygur (50.42%) were significantly different from the Han (36.68%), which was also less than other three minority nationalities. There was significant difference (P<0.01) between the prevalence rates of gingivitis in the Uygur (39.08%) and the Han (30.30%). There was significant difference (P<0.01) between the detection rates of dental calculus in the Mongolian (36.82%) and the Han (45.86%). Conclusion: The oral health status of undergraduate students is not ideal, especially for the minority nationalities students. It is necessary to strengthen the oral propaganda education and preventive health care so as to enhance the oral health status of undergraduate students. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Porphyromonas gingivalis Infection on the Cell Cycle of MG63 Cells PAN Chun-ling, ZHAO Hai-jiao, TAN li-si, PAN Ya-ping, ZHONG Ming 2015, 31(9): 863-866.  Abstract ( 160 )   PDF (923KB) ( 318 )   Objective: To investigate the effects and regulatory mechanism on the cell cycle of MG63 cells after infected with P. gingivalis in vitro. Methods: The cell proliferation activity and cell cycle distribution of MG63 cells were determined after infected with P. gingivalis ATCC 33277. The protein and mRNA of Cyclin D and Cyclin E were determined with real-time quantitative RT-PCR and Western immunoblot in MG63 cells after infected with P. gingivalis ATCC 33277. Results: The proliferation rate and the proportion of G1 phase in MG63 cells infected with P. gingivalis were significantly different from those of the control at 24h and 48h. The mRNA and protein expression levels of Cyclin D and E in the infected cells significantly decreased at 24 and 48h. Conclusion: MG63 cells infected with P. gingivalis reduce cell proliferation and arrest in G1 phase with low expression of mRNA and protein of Cyclin D and Cyclin E. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Standard Allicin on Enterococcus Faecalis Biofilms Control: an in vitro Study WANG Xiang-zhu, XIE Xiao-li, CHEN Min-min, FENG Hai-yan 2015, 31(9): 867-870.  Abstract ( 320 )   PDF (800KB) ( 245 )   Objective: To investigate the antibacterial efficacy of different concentrations dially trisulfide (DATS) on the biofilms of Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) in vitro. Methods: E. faecalis was cultured in vitro to form the bacterial biofilm of different growth periods. Different concentrations of DATS, i.e. 1280μg/mL, 2560μg/mL and 5120μg/mL, were added to E. faecalis biofilms in different growth periods, and the bacteriostasis rates were measured by MTT method. Results: The bacteriostatic rates of 1280μg/mL DATS were about 71% in logarithmic phase and hunger phase, which were significantly higher than that in stability phase with bacteriostasis rate of 58% (P<0.05). DATS in concentration of 2560μg/mL and 5120μg/mL showed better antibacterial efficacy than that of 1280μg/mL, indicating that the antibacterial efficacy of DATS was in a concentration-dependent manner (P<0.05). Conclusion: DATS played a role in suppressing E. faecalis in the biofilm in vitro. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of 10% Carbamide Peroxide Bleaching Agent on the Surface Roughness and Microhardness of Direct and Indirect Composite Resins XING Wen-zhong, JIANG Tao, LI Rong, LIANG Shan-shan, WANG Yi-ning 2015, 31(9): 871-875.  Abstract ( 143 )   PDF (1047KB) ( 179 )   Objective: To analyze the effects of 10% carbamide peroxide at-home bleaching agents on the surface roughness and microhardness of direct and indirect composite resins. Methods: Four composite resin materials, i.e. two direct composite resins (Filtek Z350, Clearfil Majesty Ethetic) and two indirect composite resins (Ceramage, Adoro SR), were tested in our study. Twenty disk-shaped specimens (10mm in diameter and 1.0mm in thickness) for each resin material were prepared and randomly divided into two groups: 10% carbamide peroxide group and deionized water group (control group). The 10% carbamide peroxide agent was applied 8 hours daily during 14 days. The control specimens were immersed in deionized water throughout the experiment. Surface roughness and microhardness were measured before and after bleaching treatment. The data were analyzed using t test. Results: For exposure to 10% carbamide peroxide agent, only the Clearfil Majesty Esthetic composites resin presented a rougher surface after bleaching treatment (P<0.001). Microhardness of composite resins was not different throughout the 14-day period, regardless of the surface treatment. Conclusion: The application of 10% carbamide peroxide did not alter the microhardness of all tested composite resins. The surface microhardness was material-dependent. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Anti-adhesion Study of Laser Welding Composite Arch Wire to Streptococcus Mutans ZHANG Bing,YU Wen-wen,ZHANG Chao,LIU Ji-ming, SUN Han, SUN Xin-hua 2015, 31(9): 876-879.  Abstract ( 167 )   PDF (910KB) ( 291 )   Objective: To study the anti-adhesive characteristics of composite arch wire of lased-welded nickel titanium arch wire and stainless steel arch wire with pure copper interlayer (CAW) with fluorescence microscope and scanning electron microscope. Methods: The nickel titanium arch wire, stainless steel arch wire copper wire and CAW unco-cultured with streptococcus mutans suspension were selected as experimental group. The nickel titanium arch wire, stainless steel arch wire copper wire and CAW co-cultured with streptococcus mutans suspension were selected as control group. The surface morphology was detected with fluorescent staining and scanning electron microscope after 48 hours. Results: The copper interlayer of CAW and copper wire showed red fluorescence of none bacterial adhesion area in experimental grous and control grous with fluorescent microscope. Less streptococcus mutans adhered to the copper interlayer of CAW than the nickel titanium arch wire,stainless steel arch wire, and composite arch wire nickel titanium parts, stainless steel parts. At the same time, the streptococcus mutans became dissolved and broken. Conclusion: The copper interlayer of CAW has certain anti-adhesive effect on streptococcus mutans. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Advanced Glycation End Products on the Proliferation of Mouse Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Expression of P27 and Cyclin D1 SUN Chuan-feng, DENG Chao, YIN Qi-zhi, LIU Hai, ZHOU Song-lin, XU Qing 2015, 31(9): 880-882.  Abstract ( 173 )   PDF (975KB) ( 166 )   Objective: To investigate the effects of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) on the proliferation of mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Methods: BMSCs were adopted by whole bone marrow adherence method. Osteogenic differentiation capacity of BMSCs was evaluated by Alizarin red staining. Adipogenic differentiation capacity of BMSCs was evaluated by Oil red staining. After induced with different concentrations of AGEs, the proliferation of BMSCs was assayed by MTT. In addition, real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) was performed to detect the gene expression levels. Results: After 21-day induction, Alizarin red staining showed the formation of mineralization nodules and oil red staining showed the formation of lipid droplets. All the different concentrations of AGEs (10μg/mL, 50μg/mL, 100μg/mL, 200μg/mL) obviously inhibited the proliferation of BMSCs. Meanwhile, the expressions of P27 and cyclinD1 in the experimental group was significantly different from that in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: AGEs could decrease the proliferation capacity of BMSCs and regulate the gene expression levels of P27 and cyclin D1. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study of Measurement Method of Bone Mineral Density in Distraction Osteogenesis WU Wei, YAO Xin-xin, HUAHG Xiang-dao, SHI Hong-wei, SONG Li-yan 2015, 31(9): 883-886.  Abstract ( 151 )   PDF (891KB) ( 279 )   Objective: To study the change of bone meneral density (BMD) in distraction osteogenesis (DO), and to evaluate a new measurement method of BMD. Methods: 24 rabbits were randomly divided into 6 groups: control group and 1 day, 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 6 weeks after DO groups. Each group included 4 rabbits. BMD was measured by Archimedes principle and by single X-ray absorptiometry (SXA), respectively. Calcium content in bone was measured by spectrometer. Results: BMD measured both by Archimedes principle and SXA and calcium content measured by spectrometer showed an increase in the distraction zone. There was no significant difference between the 6 weeks group and the control group (P>0.05). The BMD measured by Archimedes principle and by SXA had a positive correlation. The regression equation was YSXA=-0.227+0.457XArchimedes. BMD and calcium content in bone had a positive correlation. The regression equation was Ycalcium content=-623.579+483.473XBMD. Conclusions: Though the measurement method by Archimedes principle was not advanced, it could accurately monitor the change of BMD in DO, simplify the experiment process, and reduce research cost. Therefore, it could be widely used in experimental research. Combined with calcium content analysis, it can accurately monitor the changes of bone structure during osteogenesis. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Unilateral Chewing on Mandibular Movement during Mouth Opening and Closing JIA Ling,WANG Yun,WANG Meng-ya 2015, 31(9): 887-889.  Abstract ( 146 )   PDF (1166KB) ( 303 )   Objective: To analyse the features of mandibular movement trace in patients with unilateral chewing. Methods: During the maximum mouth opening and closing movement, the trace of mandibular incisor point was recorded both in the bilateral chewing group and unilateral chewing group. Data collected were used for statistical analysis. Results: 1)The jaw tangent point trace was separate in unilateral chewing group. There was statistical significance for the opening type between bilateral chewing group and unilateral chewing group (P<0.05). 2) The vertical and sagittal displacements in the unilateral chewing group were significantly lower than those in bilateral chewing group (P<0.01). Conclusion: Patients with unilateral chewing would deflect mandible to the working side during maximal mouth opening and closing. 50% of them exhibited a separated jaw tangent point trace and limited mouth opening. Unilateral chewing might lead to abnormity of mandibular movement trace. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Prevalence and Risk Factors of Tooth Wear in 12- and 15-year-old Adolescents in Wuhan City ZHANG Jing, WEI Zhao, DU Yang-ge, TAI Bao-jun, JIANG Han, DU Ming-quan 2015, 31(9): 890-893.  Abstract ( 134 )   PDF (777KB) ( 239 )   Objective: To describe the prevalence of tooth wear and to investigate the relative factors associated with tooth wear in 12- and 15-year-old adolescents in Wuhan City. Methods: A modified version of the Basic Erosive Wear Examination (BEWE) tooth wear index was used for the buccal, cervical, occlusal/incisal and lingual faces of 720 adolescents. All participants were asked to answer a questionnaire before examination. Results: The prevalence of tooth wear was 18.6% and 89.4% in 12- and 15-year-old adolescents, respectively. The prevalence rates of dentin exposure were 1.94% and 5.56%, respectively. Several factors such as drinking immediately after sports and reflux were found to associate with tooth wear. Conclusion: The prevalence of tooth wear increases with ageand associated with socio-behavioral risk factors. Tooth wear in 12- and 15-year-old adolescents in Wuhan City is a significant problem and should receive greater attention. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of High Mobility Group Box-1 during Orthodontic Tooth Movement XU Lin-yu, PENG Xin-xin, LEI Lang, HUANG Peng-cheng, ZHANG Rui-qiang 2015, 31(9): 894-897.  Abstract ( 217 )   PDF (875KB) ( 249 )   Objective: To investigate the role of high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) during orthodontic tooth movement. Methods: Thirty Wistar rats were randomly divided into 0, 1, 3, 5 and 7d group. Left maxillary 1st molars were protracted by a force of 0.6N, whereas orthodontic appliances were placed but orthodontic force was not applied on the contral lateral 1st molars. HE staining was utilized to observe the morphology of periodontal tissue during tooth movement, and immunohistology was used to detect HMGB1 expression by evaluating average optical density. Results: Typical histological features were observed in the periodontal tissue around upper molars, with narrowed periodontal ligament, disarranged periodontal fibers and increased osteoclasts in compression side, and widened periodontal membrane, extended periodontal fibers and increased osteoblasts in the tensile side. Expression of HMGB1 reached the lowest point (0.0012±0.0009) on 1st day on the compression side, which was significantly lower than control (0.0239±0.011), and increased gradually from 1st day to 7th day, peaking at 0.0127±0.0014 on 7th day. Expression of HMGB1 decreased on the 1st day (0.0193±0.0012) on the tensile side, which was lower than control group (0.0284 ± 0.009), and reached the highest point on 5th day (0.0324±0.0014), which was not significantly different from control group (0.0289±0.0012). Conclusion: Excessive orthodontic force reduced HMGB1 expression in periodontal membrane and decreased hyaline tissue clearance and tooth movement. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical Application of Alveolar Ridge Preservation Techniques in the Orthodontic Space Closure to Prevent Gingival Invagination XU Geng-chi, HAN Yao-hui, MOU Lan, GE Zhen-lin 2015, 31(9): 898-900.  Abstract ( 245 )   PDF (812KB) ( 320 )   Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of alveolar ridge preservation techniques and the effects on gingival invagination during orthodontic space closure after tooth extraction. Methods: Three adult patients with 6 pairs of teeth were involved and first premolars were symmetrically extracted. One side was randomly selected to implant bio-oss bone material and cover bio-gide collagen membrane (experiment group), while the other side underwent the conventional orthodontic process (control group). After six-week treatment, the incidence of gingival invagination was evaluated using periodontal probe, respectively. Results: In the control group, gingival invagination occurred in the maxilla of one patient and mandible of all patients. However, there was no gingival invagination in the experimental group. Conclusion: Site preservation technique could effectively avoid the atrophy of tooth sockets and gingival invagination. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical Research on Relationship between Length of Orthodontics Treatment and Root Resorption ZHANG Yu-feng, ZHENG Ji-wei, YAN Xiao, HAN Jian-guo 2015, 31(9): 901-903.  Abstract ( 168 )   PDF (769KB) ( 259 )   Objective: To explore the influence of the time of fixed orthodontic treatment on root absorption. Methods: 36 patients (13-19 years old) with class II division 1 malocclusions were recruited, and treated by straight wire appliances after extraction of 4 first premolars without microimplants therapy. All patients were randomly assigned to short-term group (<18 months) and long-term group (>24 months). Teeth were classified by root morphology and analyzed using software to show their frequency distribution. To measure root length, panoramic radiographys were performed before and after treatment. To calculate distortion rates, a 5 mm ligature wire were cohered to the buccal sides of crown longitudinally before cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). The outline of 4 upper incisors was drew on CBCT, and the root length was measured and calculated according to the distortion rates. Results: Both groups showed more root resorption in level 1-2 after the treatment. Patients who were treated more than 2 years showed less level 3-4 dental root resorption than that of patients who were treated less than 1 year, and root uptake in the short term group was less than that of long term group (P< 0.01). Conclusion: The longer period of orthodontic treatment will lead to more root resorption, which will provide theoretical basis for clinical treatment. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Extraction of Impacted Mandibular Third Molar Germs and Impacted Mandibular Third Molar: a Comparative Study LIU Dong-Xiao, WANG Li, ZHAO Ji-hong,HE Hong, SUN Rui 2015, 31(9): 904-906.  Abstract ( 173 )   PDF (754KB) ( 337 )   Objective: To compare the difficulty and complications of the extraction of impacted mandibular third molar germs and impacted mandibular third molar. Methods: 41 patients with impacted mandibular third molar germs (Group A) and 40 patients with impacted mandibular third molar (Group B) were randomly selected. Parameters evaluated included the mean operation time, pain response, local swelling, and mouth opening change after tooth extraction. Results: Compared with Group B, the mean operation time of Group A was shorter. Moreover, pain response, local swelling and opening degree change of Group A were less severe. Conclusion: Extraction of the impacted mandibular third molar germs is simple and yielded less resultant complications. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Longitudinal Observation on the Efficacy of Pulsed Nd:YAG Laser with Kangfuxin Solution in the Treatment of Erosive Oral Lichen Planus HU Yuan-yuan, LIU Zong-xiang 2015, 31(9): 907-909.  Abstract ( 159 )   PDF (752KB) ( 271 )   Objective: To evaluate the longitudinal curative effect of pulsed Nd:YAG laser with Kangfuxin solution in the treatment of erosive oral lichen planus (OLP). Methods: An open trial included 121 erosive OLP patients. All patients were randomly divided into three groups: group A (41 patients) was treated with Nd:YAG laser and Kangfuxin solution; group B (40 patients) was treated with Kangfuxin Solution; Group C (40 patients) were treated by local irradiation of Nd:YAG laser. The clinical efficacy was evaluated 24 months after the treatment. Results: There was no significant difference in the recurrent rate between group A, B and C immediate and one month after treatment, however, significant difference in the clinical effective rate (P<0.05). There was a significant difference in both the clinical effective rate and recurrent rate among three groups 6 and 24 months after treatment (P<0.05). Conclusion: Under appropriate irradiation frequency, irradiation angle and exposure time, combination of pulsed Nd:YG laser with Kangfuxin solution has a quick therapeutic effect in the treatment of erosive OLP, with low recurrent rate and high cure rate. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Esthetic Restoration of Incisor Diastema with Layered Nano-composite Resin Prosthetics and Indirect Guide Plate Technology SHEN Yan,LIU Xiao 2015, 31(9): 910-912.  Abstract ( 165 )   PDF (797KB) ( 448 )   Objective: To investigate the clinical effect of layered nano-composite resin prosthetics and indirect guide plate technology on the esthetic restoration of incisor diastema. Methods: 50 patients with incisor diastema who visited Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Lianyungang from January to December, 2011 were involved in this study. The teeth were treated with layered nano-composite resin prosthetics and indirect guide plate technology to close the diastema. The patients were semi-annually followed-up from January 2012 to June 2014. Results: By June 2014, 48 out of 50 patients had successful clinical effects and 2 patients were failed. Conclusion: Incisor diastema can be satisfied treated with layered nano-composite resin prosthetics and indirect guide plate technology. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical Study Gingivitis and Anterior Gingival EnlargementRelated to Fixed Orthodontic Treatment in Different Population RE ZI W ANG Keyimu, LI Ze-hui, MI Cong-bo 2015, 31(9): 913-916.  Abstract ( 142 )   PDF (774KB) ( 200 )   Objective: To investigate the association among gingival enlargement (GE), gingivitis and social backgrounds in subjects undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment. Methods: A total of 250 patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment were divided into two groups including6-12months treatment group and more than 12months treatment group. The patient was examined by a single calibrated examiner for plaque and gingival indexes, probing pocket depth, clinical attachment loss, and gingival enlargement. Social background, orthodontic treatment duration, and use of dental floss were assessed by oral interviews. Associations were assessed by means of Poisson’s regression models. Results: The presence of gingival bleeding (RR 1.02; 95% CI 1.01-1.02) and excess resin around brackets (RR 1.04; 95% CI 1.04-1.05) were associated with an increase in GE. No association was found between socio-demographic characteristics and gingival enlargement. Conclusion: Anterior gingival bleeding and excess resin around brackets were associated with higher level of anterior gingival enlargement in subjects under orthodontic treatment. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Measurement of Three-dimensional Perioral Soft Tissue Changes in Bi-maxillary Protrusion Patients after Orthodontic Treatment by Light-based Scanner DING Shen, LI Hai-xiao, LI Xiao-he 2015, 31(9): 917-919.  Abstract ( 127 )   PDF (994KB) ( 241 )   Objective: To evaluate the three-dimensional (3D) perioral soft tissue changes after orthodontic treatment in patients with bi-maxillary protrusion using light-based scanners. Methods: Twenty-four adults with bi-maxillary protrusion were treated by extraction of four first premolars. Lateral cephalograms and 3D facial scans were obtained before treatment (T1) and immediately after debonding (T2). Superimposition was performed, and 27 perioral landmarks were identified. Paired student t-test and one-way analysis of variance were performed. Results: The mean retraction distances of the upper and lower incisors were 6.12 mm and 4.58 mm, respectively. The upper lip moved inferoposteriorly, and the lower lip moved superoposteriorly. The relative ratios were 42%-53% in the upper and 22%-82% in the lower. The lip corners moved superoposteriorly. Conclusion: Facial scanning by white structured light scanners can efficiently evaluate 3D perioral soft tissue changes in bi-maxillary protrusion patients. Obvious backward movement of the upper and lower lips was observed. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Keeping Spontaneous Breathing of Sevoflurane Inhalation Anesthesia on the Tongue-tie Surgery of Young Children DAI Ren-feng, WANG Wei-juan, LIN Ren, LIU Wei-dong 2015, 31(9): 920-922.  Abstract ( 146 )   PDF (751KB) ( 279 )   Objective: To study the efficacy and safety of sevoflurane inhalation anesthesia and keeping spontaneous breathing in children undergoing the tongue-tie surgery. Methods: 50 children undergoing elective tongue-tie surgery were selected as the research objects. Sevoflurane induction anesthesia with spontaneous breathing for these children were done by the same professional anesthetist. Pulse, blood pressure, oxygen saturation were monitored during the operations, and the operative time, intraoperative adverse rections, drug dosage and recovery time were recorded. Results: Seven cases' SPO2 were less than 90%, and five of them were remised after jaw-lift, while the other two were remised by pressurized oxygen through a mask. No case was found with tracheal intubation or hypotension. Three cases suffered from laryngeal spasm and relieved without any treatment. Conclusion: Our study supports the view that Sevoflurane induction anesthesia with spontaneous breathing might be a safe and efficient way for children undergoing the tongue-tie surgery. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical Research on Treatment of High-angle and Open-bite Cases by Micro-implant Anchorages WU Xin, LIU Guo-yuan, JIANG Yong-lian, JI Yu-hua, YANG Pei-lei, YE Cai 2015, 31(9): 923-925.  Abstract ( 162 )   PDF (868KB) ( 252 )   Objective: To investigate the feasibility of treating high-angle and open-bite cases by micro-implant anchorages. Methods: 9 patients with high-angle and open-bite were included. Micro-implants were placed on the posterior alveolar bone of the upper and lower jaw in the four quadrants, and then molars were intruded lightly and continuously. The lateral cephalometric X-ray films were analyzed before and after treatment. Results: After treatment, normal overbite and overjet were obtained for all patients. Upper and lower molars were intruded effectively with the mandibular counterclockwise rotated. SNB, ANB, MP-FH, MP-SN, ANS-Me/N-Me, U6-PP, L6-MP and OB values were significantly changed after treatment. Conclusion: Intruding molars by micro-implant anchorages can treat high-angle and open-bite cases effectively. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of MicroRNA-21 in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Its Correlation with Prognosis CHANG Can-ran, DU Jun, LI Er-hong, YANG Yong 2015, 31(9): 927-930.  Abstract ( 207 )   PDF (850KB) ( 223 )   Objective: To investigate the expression of microRNA-21 in oral squamous cell carcinoma and its correlation with prognosis. Methods: 98 cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma tissue and normal tissue samples were selected. Meanwhile, mucosa of 50 cases of non-cancer patients was selected. Total RNA was isolated from specimens, respectively. The relative expression levels of microRNA-21 in oral squamous cell carcinoma and normal mucosa were detected by RT-PCR. Its correlations with clinicopathological features and prognosis were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method. Results: The relative expression level of microRNA-21 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (2.37±1.01) was significantly higher (P<0.05) than normal mucosa (0.97±0.08) and non-cancer patients mucosa (0.94±0.07). The expression of microRNA-21 was not correlated with sex, age, tumor location, tumor size and TNM stage, but significantly correlated with the degree of differentiation and lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). All patients were divided into high and low expression groups according to the median value of microRNA-21 relative expression (2.41). The median survival of patients was 38 months in high expression group, while 44 months in low expression group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: The expression level of microRNA-21 was elevated in oral squamous cell carcinoma, which was correlated with the degree of differentiation and lymph node metastasis, and affected the prognosis of patients. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of β-catenin and Wnt3a under Static Tensile Stress in Human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts HOU Zhen-ting, CHU Jin-zhi, ZHANG Miao-miao 2015, 31(9): 931-933.  Abstract ( 136 )   PDF (1236KB) ( 232 )   Objective: To investigate the effects of different static tensile stress on β-catenin and Wnt3a expression of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in human periodontal ligament cells (HPLFs). Methods: HPLFs were cultured by tissue enzyme digestion method in vitro. They were divided into three groups according to loading time for 2h, 4h and 6h. Then each group was divided into three subgroups according to static tensile stress of 8%, 12% and 16% elongation. And the group without loading or elongation was set as control group. The expressions of β-catenin and Wnt3a were detected by western blot analysis. Results: Western blot analysis showed that static tensile stress could significantly reduce the expression of β-catenin and Wnt3a in HPLFs when compared with the control group (P<0.05). And in each subgroup, the expression of β-catenin and Wnt3a were decreased with gradually increased static tensile stress (P<0.05). Conclusion: β-catenin and Wnt3a participated in the metabolism of HPLFs which can be inhibited by static tensile stress. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical Observation of Pulp Revascularization in Immature Teeth with Apical Periodontitis ZHENG Jun, ZHANG Yu 2015, 31(9): 935-937.  Abstract ( 172 )   PDF (778KB) ( 283 )   Objective: To observe the curative effect of pulp revascularization on the immature permanent teeth with apical periodontitis. Methods: Twelve immature permanent teeth (10 patients) were involved in the study. The patients were from 8 to 12 years old, and the average age was 10.8. Every tooth had an opened apical foramina and showed a radiolucent area around the root apex. Pulp revascularization technology was used to treat the teeth. After the treatment, the patients were reviewed by clinical examination and radiograph every 1 or 2 months, and were totally followed up for 6 to 18 months. Results: The roots of 8 teeth were continually developed. The average time of development was 4.6 months. The root lengths were not different to those of symmetrical teeth. Conclusion: Pulp revascularization is effective for the treatment of immature permanent teeth with apical periodontitis. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Platelet-Rich Fibrin XU Hai-yan, LIU Bin, AN Ran 2015, 31(9): 939-941.  Abstract ( 207 )   PDF (769KB) ( 627 )   Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is a cytokine-rich and growth factor-rich autogenic neotype biomaterial, and was known as a new generation of platelet concentrates. The PRF's biological characteristics and medical research progress are reviewed in this paper. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Implant Surface on the Biological Behavior of Gingival Epithelium ZHAO Yu-ting, MENG Wei-yan 2015, 31(9): 942-944.  Abstract ( 149 )   PDF (769KB) ( 225 )   Ideal gingival epithelium-implant barrier can prevent bacteria in the mouth and their products from invading internal environment. This is beneficial to the long-term success of dental implants and decreases the peri-implantitis. Resent years, increasing studies show that implant surface significantly affects biological responses of gingival epithelium. These researches are instructive and meaningful to the design of trans-gingival surfaces, which enhance the success rate of implants. The purpose of this study is to review the effects of implant surface on the cellular responses as well as the mechanism of influencing gingival epithelium attachment. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Characteristics and Clinical Significance of Gingival Biotypes ZHU Yan-fei, XIE Yu-feng 2015, 31(9): 945-948.  Abstract ( 300 )   PDF (797KB) ( 557 )   Gingival biotypes are divided into thin-scalloped and thick-flat. Different tissue biotypes have different histologic characteristics and lead to different biological behavior. Invasion or inflammation may result in deep periodontal pockets for a thick biotype and gingival recession for a thin biotype. In clinical practice, gingival biotypes are considered to be related to the outcomes of periodontal therapy, restorative treatment, orthodontic procedures, and implant placement, especially to esthetics therapy. Therefore, it is crucial to identify gingival biotype before treatment. This article reviews the characteristics and clinical significance of gingival biotypes. References | Related Articles | Metrics