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28 April 2018, Volume 34 Issue 4 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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A Review on Recent Update and Development in Surface Modification of Dental Implants. ZHOU Yan-min, WANG Han-chi, ZHAO Jing-hui, LIU Chun-ying, WANG Nan. 2018, 34(4): 343-346.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.04.001 Abstract ( 401 )   PDF (896KB) ( 399 )   It is one of the focuses for scholars to improve the osseointegration and antibacterial efficacy of dental implants by surface modification. Dental implants treated with different surface modifications have different effects on bacteria and cells. With the deepening of the research, surface modification technology has been improved in recent years, and has made great progress in promoting cell adhesion,improving the osseoperception,promoting soft tissue healing, and enhancing antibacterial properties. In this paper, the recent progress of implant surface modification is reviewed from the aspect of modification effect. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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An Update of Dental Erosion Model ZHENG Hai-yan, YU Hao 2018, 34(4): 347-349.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.04.002 Abstract ( 309 )   PDF (809KB) ( 297 )   The prevalence of dental erosion has been increasing steadily over the past decades. The relevant risk factors, treatment, and preventive strategy of dental erosion have therefore attracted attentions from the dental researchers and practitioners. Currently, the experimental models of dental erosion, including in vivo, in situ, and in vitro protocols, have been introduced with their own advantages and disadvantages. The aim of this article was to review the three types of dental erosion models and the factors involved in designing the relative experiment. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Mechanisms of Drug-induced Gingival Overgrowth JIAO Xiao-Ju, ZHOU Jia, XU Shuo, JI Qiu-xia 2018, 34(4): 350-352.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.04.003 Abstract ( 284 )   PDF (811KB) ( 418 )   Drug-induced gingival overgrowth (DGO) is the gingival hyperplasia and volume enlargement, which is a side effect associated with 3 types of drugs: anticonvulsants, calcium channel blockers, and immunosuppressive agents. It is characterized by some common pathological features. However, the mechanisms and clinical treatment of these disorders have not been elucidated. This review provides an overview of the pathogenesis of drug-induced gingival hyperplasia from three aspects, i.e. collagen synthesis and degradation, inflammation, and genetics, with of great importance in guiding the medical professionals to effectively prevent drug-induced gingival hyperplasia. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Residual Teeth on Shortened Dental Arch DONG Qin-yuan, ZHOU Yi 2018, 34(4): 353-355.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.04.004 Abstract ( 286 )   PDF (866KB) ( 308 )   Since the concept of shortened dental arch (SDA) was raised more than 30 years ago, plenty of studies have suggested that the shortened dental arch could provide enough function including mastication, comfort, and aesthetics, and would not have negative effect on the stability of occlusion. However, some effects of residual teeth can be found with SDA in clinic, included more mobile teeth, lower alveolar bone levels, periodontal disease, further tooth loss, and tooth wear. The aim of this paper is to review the effects of residual teeth of SDA in order to provide a reference for further study and clinical application. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Anti-tumor Activity and Functionary Mechanism of Retinoic Acid SUN Bin, SUN Hong-chen 2018, 34(4): 356-358.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.04.005 Abstract ( 321 )   PDF (815KB) ( 716 )   In normal tissues, retinoic acid is involved in the regulation of differentiation of various tissue stem cells and plays an important role in human development. Moreover, it has been proved that retinoic acid can inhibit tumor growth and induce differentiation of tumor stem cells. The purpose of this review is to present the literature on the antitumor activity of retinoic acid and its mechanisms, which provides the basis for future research. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Two-year Outcome of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate Pulpotomy on Primary Molars under General Anesthesia: A Retrospective Study. REN Hui-di, ZHANG Hui-ya, ZOU Jing, ZHANG Qiong 2018, 34(4): 359-362.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.04.006 Abstract ( 301 )   PDF (1005KB) ( 318 )   Objective: To evaluate the clinical outcome of primary molars with cariously exposed vital pulps receiving mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) as pulp-dressing agents in coronal pulpotomy under general anesthesia. Methods: The clinical and radiographic data of 118 primary molars were collected during 2013-2015. All teeth were restored with a glass ionomer cement base and stainless steel crowns after MTA coronal pulpotomy. Clinical and radiographic examinations were undertaken at the 1, 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months follow-up. Results: The clinical and radiographic success rates were both 99.1% at the 6-month recall visit. After 12 months, the clinical and radiographic success rates were 98.1% and 97.8%, respectively. After 18 months, they were 96.7% and 94.5%. At 24 months follow-up, they were 94.3% and 90.7%, respectively. As well, 11.0% primary molars were observed dentin bridge, and 12.3% exhibited pulp canal obliteration. Conclusion: The clinical effectiveness of coronal pulpotomy employing mineral trioxide aggregate on primary molars with deep caries under general anesthesia should be affirmed. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Correlation between Carbonic Anhydrase Ⅵ Level and Dental Caries among Children Aged 4-5 Years. HOU Wen, SU Da, QUE Guo-ying 2018, 34(4): 363-366.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.04.007 Abstract ( 248 )   PDF (918KB) ( 148 )   Objective: To investigate the relationship between dental caries and CA-Ⅵ levels in saliva and dental plaque fluid in children aged 4-5 years. Methods: Thirty-three children were randomly selected for each group: caries-free group, low caries group, and high caries group. The levels of CA-Ⅵ in dental plaque and saliva were examined by ELISA. The pH values of dental plaque fluid were detected by H+-ISFET. The results were statistically analyzed. Results: The CA-Ⅵ levels in saliva were statistically different among three groups: caries-free group>low caries group>high caries group (P<0.05). The CA-Ⅵ levels in dental plaque fluid were significantly different among three groups: caries-free group>low caries group>high caries group (P<0.05). Pearson's correlation analysis showed CA-Ⅵ levels in saliva and dental plaque fluid were positively related to pH values of dental plaque fluid (P<0.001). Conclusion: With the increase of caries severity, the levels of CA-Ⅵ in saliva and dental plaque fluid decreased. CA-Ⅵ might increase the pH values of plaque on the dental surface, and play an important role in tooth protection and caries resistance. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Decidous Tooth Decay on Eruption of Premolar TIAN Zhi-juan, HUANG Rui, HE Xiang, HU Ye 2018, 34(4): 367-370.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.04.008 Abstract ( 252 )   PDF (810KB) ( 334 )   Objective: To learn the effect of decidous tooth decay on the eruption time of premolar. Methods: Children aged 5-6 were selected in 2010. Decidous teeth were examined until the permanent teeth were completed. They were divided into caries free group, shallow caries group, and deep caries group. The children completed oral examinations at least 4 times during 2010-2017. The baseline data were obtained and a personal oral health record was established. The results were analyzed with SPSS20.0 software package. Results: Between 2010 and 2017, 1,549 children were surveyed, including 762 boys and 787 girls. A total of 1473 maxillary first decidous molars, 1616 maxillary second decidous molars, 1851 mandibular first decidous molars, and 1686 mandibular second decidous molars were investigated. When the decidous molars were deep caries, the replacement time of the premolar was earlier than that without caries or shallow caries, and the average time was more than half a year earlier. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Students of dental caries prevention and intervention is the key. Caries in decidous teeth need early treatment to maintain the integrity and the normal replacement of the teeth. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of Circle RNA Expression Profile Variation during Odontoblastic Differentiation of Mouse Dental Papilla Cells ZHAN Yun-yan, ZHANG Hao, YANG Guo-bin, FAN Ming-wen 2018, 34(4): 371-374.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.04.009 Abstract ( 275 )   PDF (1671KB) ( 182 )   Objective: To analyze the expression profile variation of circle RNA (circRNA)during odontoblastic differentiation of mouse dental papilla cells and further investigate the functions of circRNA during the process. Methods: CircRNA microarray was performed to detect the difference of circRNA expression between primary mouse dental papilla cells with odontoblastic differentiation inducing or not. After pretreatment and homogenization of raw data, the circRNAs with different expression were screened out and then analyzed. Results: Compared with noninducing dental papilla cells, there were 4064 circRNAs differentially expressed which were more than 2 times variation and significant difference (P≤0.01) in odontoblastic differentiation inducing cells. Among them, 3255 were increased while 809 were reduced and the change′s fold was more than 2 times. Conclusion: The circRNA expression profile changed significantly during odontoblastic differentiation. The different circRNAs might be associated with the development of odontoblasts. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Gene Expression of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells during Osteogenic Differentiation. LIN Wen-zhen, GAO Li, NIU Chen-guang, HU Xu-chen, YUAN Ke-yong, MA Rui, HUANG Zheng-wei 2018, 34(4): 375-379.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.04.010 Abstract ( 281 )   PDF (2539KB) ( 217 )   Objective: To evaluate the differences in gene expression of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) after osteogenetic induction.. Methods: hDPSCs were cultured by explant method and the capability of multi-differentiation in hDPSCs was identified. The gene expressions were evaluated by microarray assay and quantitative real-time PCR after osteogenetic induction. Results: hDPSCs could differentiate into osteoblasts and adipocytes. The microarray assay revealed that the expression of 1284 genes were upregulated or downregulated more than twice after osteogenetic induction. Of these, the transcription of osteomodulin (OMD) gene was upregulated by fifty times. The results of qPCR indicated that the expression of OMD was gradually increased during osteogenetic induction. Conclusion: The osteogenetic differentiation of hDPSCs is regulated by multiple genes. OMD is one of these genes, and its expression is time-dependent and coincides with osteogenesis. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of N-butanol Extract of Cucumissativus Seeds on Proliferation and Odontogenic Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells. CHE Jing-yi, LI Yan-ping, PAN Shuang, HE Li-na, NIU Yu-mei 2018, 34(4): 380-383.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.04.011 Abstract ( 218 )   PDF (1118KB) ( 165 )   Objective: To investigate the effects of n-butanol extract of Cucumis sativus seeds (CSB) on proliferation and odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). Methods: HDPSCs were isolated and exposed to different concentrations of CSB solutions. The proliferation ability was evaluated by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. The odontogentic potential of hDPSCs was assessed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and activity assay. In addition, Western blot analysis was conducted to identify the expressions of dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) and Collagen I (COL I) which were related proteins on odontogenic differentiation of hDPSCs. Results: CCK-8 assay showed that CSB significantly enhanced the proliferation of hDPSCs at a concentration of 100 mg/L, while CSB remarkably suppressed the growth of hDPSCs at a higher concentration of 500 mg/L. The hDPSCs cultured with 100 mg/L CSB obviously induced positive ALP staining and had higher ALP activity compared with the control group. Furthermore, Western blot analysis demonstrated that the expression levels of odontogenic proteins DSPP and COL I were significantly up-regulated in 100 mg/L CSB-treated hDPSCs compared with the control group. Conclusion: The results indicate that an appropriate concentration of CSB could enhance the proliferation and odontogenic differentiation of hDPSCs. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Inhibition of Human Dental Pulp Viability by 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate. ZHU Shen-ting, YU Jing-jing, PENG Bin. 2018, 34(4): 384-387.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.04.012 Abstract ( 257 )   PDF (2242KB) ( 252 )   Objective: To investigate the toxicity and possible mechanism of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate on human dental pulp in tooth slice organ culture model. Methods: Human tooth slice organ culture model was established in vitro, which was exposed to 8mmol/L HEMA for 12 h, 24 h, and 48 h. Separated dental pulp tissue viability was detected by CCK-8 assessment. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining demonstrated the cell density change of dental pulp tissue from the ex vivo cultured tooth slice organ model. TEM analysis showed the ultrastructure change of dental mesenchymal cells during autophagy process. Immunostaining detected the LC3 expression in dental pulp. Result: 8 mmol/L HEMA exposure decreased the viability and cell density of dental pulp tissue and increased autophagic vacuoles in a time-dependent manner. And the expression of autophagic biomarkers LC3 increased after 48 h. Conclusion: HEMA greatly decreased the tissue viability and induced autophagy in human dental pulp. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Cytotoxicity of Five Kinds of Irrigants on Mouse Fibroblasts L929. SHI Yan, DENG Zhi-peng, CHEN Hao. 2018, 34(4): 388-392.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.04.013 Abstract ( 249 )   PDF (3764KB) ( 218 )   Objective: To evaluate the cytotoxicity of Fufang Bingpeng Irrigants, Bingpeng Irrigants,sodium hypochloride,jinzhi gargle, and chlorhexidine gluconatie compound gargle on mouse fibroblasts L929. Methods: L929 fibroblasts were cultured in vitro. Cells were cultured with five irrigants for 6 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours, and 48 hours. The culture medium was set as the control group. The MTT assay was employed to evaluate the cytotoxicity. Results: Higher concentrations of irrigants generally showed significantly stronger inhibitory effects. Fufang Bingpeng Irrigants and Bingpeng Irrigants showed no cytotoxicity,jinzhi gargle showed middle, while sodium hypochloride and chlorhexidine displayed higher toxicity. The rank of the irrigation cytotoxicity from the most to the least was: chlorhexidine, sodium hypochloride, jinzhi gargle, Bingpeng Irrigants, and Fufang Bingpeng Irrigants. Conclusion: The Fufang Bingpeng Irrigants showed no detectable cytotoxicity. As a root canal irrigant, Chinese medicine alteratives might be adopted. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparative Investigation of Cone Beam Computed Tomography and Periapical Radiography in Identification of PDL Space. CUI Xuan-xuan, SHEN Jing, GAO Jing, CHEN Yao. 2018, 34(4): 393-396.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.04.014 Abstract ( 287 )   PDF (1426KB) ( 269 )   Objective: To compare the periodontal ligament (PDL) space for teeth at different pulp statuses with CBCT and periapical radiography. Methods: Two hundred and thirty-four single root teeth without clinical symptoms and positive signs were included. They all had a CBCT scan, a periapical radiograph, and clinical pulp tests. The periapical regions of the CBCT scans and radiographs were scored by modified CBCT-periapical index (CBCT-PAI) and represented as CBCT-PAI and PAI, respectively. The Fisher exact and Chi-squared statistics tested the relationship between CBCT-PAI, PAI, and pulp status. Results: Two hundred and ten teeth had health pulp, and the other teeth were no respond. The CBCT-PAI score was greater than the PAI in 61.9% (130 of 210) teeth. The PDL space of healthy teeth was statistically significant when examined by CBCT and periapical radiography (P<0.01). The difference of PDL on CBCT between teeth with healthy and necrotic pulps was statistically significant (P<0.01). Conclusion: Significant differences were observed between CBCT and periapical radiography in detection the PDL space of healthy teeth. Teeth with necrotic pulps were more likely to have wide PDL when examined by CBCT. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Three Dimensional Alveolar Bone Thicknesses in Maxillary and Mandibular Anterior Region via Cone Beam CT. LI Jia-shan, TAO Yu-fei, XIAO Wen-yan, ZHU Dong-wang, DENG Jia-yin, JIANG Shao-yun 2018, 34(4): 397-400.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.04.015 Abstract ( 272 )   PDF (1293KB) ( 241 )   Objective: To investigate alveolar bone thickness in maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth region by cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), and to analyze the relationship between gender and the thickness of alveolar bone. Methods: One hundred and seventy-four CBCT images (71 males and 103 females) were selected for measuring alveolar bone thicknesses at labial, lingual, and interdental sides of anterior teeth at 2 mm (level 1, L1), 5 mm (level 2, L2), and 8 mm (level 3, L3) below the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ). The differences in alveolar bone thickness between female and male were analyzed. Results: Labial alveolar bone at L2 was the thickest in maxilla among three levels. With the increase in the distance from CEJ, alveolar bone became gradually thicker at maxillary lingual sites, mandible labial, and lingual sites. At the same level, alveolar bone at labial sites was thinner than that at lingual sites in anterior region, except for mandibular central incisor and lateral incisor at L1. Meanwhile, alveolar bone absence was common at L1. On the maxilla, lingual bone thickness of male was much thicker than that of female, while no gender difference was observed in other sites. Conclusion: Variation of alveolar bone thicknesses existed in anterior region, which provides an important anatomic reference for oral clinic therapy. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Chin Morphology in Skeletal Class Ⅲ Subjects with Hyperdivergent at Different Dentition Stages. GE Xiao-lei, LIU Ye, LIU Chun-yan, ZHANG Wei-ling, LIU Yang, ZHANG Li, MA Wen-sheng 2018, 34(4): 401-404.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.04.016 Abstract ( 275 )   PDF (1416KB) ( 229 )   Objective: To analyze specific features and development tendency of chin morphology in hyperdivergent skeletal class Ⅲ malocclusion. Methods: One hundred and twenty subjects of hyperdivergent were divided into mixed dentition group (7-10 years old), young permanent dentition group (11-14 years old), and mature permanent dentition group (18 years old and over). Then each group was divided into classⅠmalocclusion group and class Ⅲ malocclusion group. Cephalograms were analyzed for all subjects to study chin morphology. Results: Excessive development of chin appeared in mixed dentition. Then, in young permanent dentition, mental excessive development became more apparent, and lower incisors appeared compensative changes. All of these were further aggravated in mature permanent dentition. In permanent dentition, the chin of skeletal class Ⅲ subjects of hyperdivergent showed common characteristics such as small chin angle, large chin protrusion, and small chin curvature. Conclusion: Chin of skeletal class Ⅲ subjects of hyperdivergent has its unique development pattern and morphological characteristics. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Morphological Structure of Upper Airway and Mandible in Skeletal Class Ⅲ Malocclusion. ZHENG Zhao-yang, ZHANG Miao-miao, LIU Zhi-jie. 2018, 34(4): 405-410.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.04.017 Abstract ( 262 )   PDF (4022KB) ( 190 )   Objective: To analyze the relationship between upper airway and mandible morphology in patients with skeletal Ⅲ class malocclusion by CBCT. Methods: Thirty volunteers with individual normal occlusion and 30 patients with high-angle skeletal Ⅲ class malocclusion were selected. All samples were scanned by cone-beam CT, and reconstructed and measured by Mimics17.0 medical software. Differences between two groups were assessed using independent sample t-test. Correlations between two groups were evaluated using pearson’s coefficient. Results: There were 16 significant correlational measurements between mandible and upper airway of the skeletal Ⅲ class malocclusion group. Eighteen measurements showed significant differences between individual normal occlusion and the skeletal Ⅲ class malocclusion (P＜0.05), which were the coronal diameter, height, cross-sectional area, and volume of nasopharyngeal segment, the sagittal diameter, cross-sectional area, and volume of palatalpharyngeal segment, the cross-sectional area and volume of lingual pharynx, the total volume of upper airway, mandibular body length, mandibular length, mandibular angle, mandibular ramus volume, mandibular body volume, mandibular chin volume, mandibular total volume, and chin angle. Conclusion: The upper airway morphology of class Ⅲ sagittal skeletal was correlated with mandibular parameters, both of which influenced each other. Differences in the upper airway and mandibular morphology were statistically significant between two groups. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Primary Culture and Identification of Trigeminal Neurons in Neonatal SD Rats. DENG Chao, ZHANG He, XUE Jin-lang, WANG Li-chan, GUO Jia-yi, CHENG Hui-xin, CHEN Chuan-jun 2018, 34(4): 411-413.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.04.018 Abstract ( 467 )   PDF (1872KB) ( 401 )   Objective: To establish a primary culture model of trigeminal neurons in newborn SD rats and provide experimental basis for the study of trigeminal nerve cytology. Methods: Twenty-four new born SD rats were selected and the trigeminal ganglion was isolated under the microscope. Neural cell suspension was prepared by trypsin and DNase digestion and mechanical blowing. The expression of neuron specific antigen NeuN and β-tubulinⅢ was identified by immunofluorescence staining. Results: Nerve cells were adherent growth, and reached protrusions. With time, the protrusions became longer and staggered network. The cells reached the best status after cultured for 3-7 days, then gradually apoptosis. The cells could culture for 15 days without ability to pass on, and the expressions of neuronal specific antigen NeuN and β-tubulinⅢ were positive. Conclusion: The combination of trypsin and DNase digestion can isolate a large number of trigeminal neurons, which provides the experimental basis for cytology research. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Transfection of DEK Gene Small Interference RNA on Proliferation and Apoptosis of Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma. FENG Tie-jun, WANG Yu-dong, PAN Xuan, CHI Yu-feng 2018, 34(4): 414-418.  Abstract ( 179 )   PDF (1673KB) ( 201 )   Objective: To study the effect of inhibiting of DEK gene expression by RNA interference on proliferation and apoptosis of tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Methods: The expression of DEK gene in tongue squamous cell carcinoma was detected by real-time PCR. Cell line Tca8113 and CAL-27 were cultured in vitro. Negative control siRNA (negative control group) and DEK siRNA (transfection group) were transfected into cells, and blank control group was not special treated. After transfected for 48h, the proliferation, apoptosis and DEK, Bcl-2, Bax, PI3K, and p-Akt protein expression on Tca8113 and CAL-27 cells were detected by CCK8, flow cytometry, and Western blot. Results: The expression of DEK gene in squamous cell carcinoma of tongue was significantly higher than that in adjacent tissues (P<0.05). Compared with the blank control group, the expression of DEK significantly decreased after DEK-siRNA was transfected into Tca8113 and CAL-27 cells. Furthermore, cell proliferation activity was significantly decreased, apoptosis rate was significantly increased, the expressions of Bcl-2, PI3K, and p-Akt protein were significantly down regulated, and the expression of Bax protein was significantly increased (P<0.05). Conclusion: The inhibition of DEK gene expression can reduce the proliferation of tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells and induced apoptosis through PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Computer-assisted Navigation in Oral and Maxillofacial Tumor Adjacent to Skull Base. LIU Zhe, SUN Guo-wen 2018, 34(4): 419-423.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.04.019 Abstract ( 207 )   PDF (4636KB) ( 245 )   Objective: To evaluate the validity of navigation guide in the treatment of oral and maxillofacial tumor adjacent to skull base. Methods: From 2015 to 2017, 15 patients with oral and maxillofacial tumor adjacent to skull base were collected in Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, including 3 cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the palate, 3 cases of parotid tumor, 2 cases of maxillary gingival carcinoma, 2 cases of maxillary sinus carcinoma, 1 cases of palatal carcinoma, 1 cases of maxillary mucoepidermoid carcinoma, 1 cases of left maxillary myxofibroma,1 cases of the left oropharyngeal cancer recurrence, and 1 cases of recurrent right glenoid fossa and skull osteoma after operation. All surgeries were performed under the guidance of AccuNavi-A navigation system to explicit the surgical approach and the boundary of tumor. The accuracy of surgery was evaluated via the pathological margin, nerve protection, vascular injury, and integrity of tumor resection. Results: In all cases, under the guidance of navigation, 5 benign tumors resection were performed successfully, and in 10 cases of malignant tumors, 7 cases had upper margin margins, and 3 lesions were positive at the upper margin. Conclusion: Application of computer navigation technology can accurately locate near skull base tumor and important neurovascular structures, which demonstrates great value in significantly improving the resection integrity and completeness of tumor, reducing the complications related to the operation, and ensuring the operation safety. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Finite Element Analysis on Exposure of Individual Endoprosthesis for Mandibular Reconstruction. LI Peng, SHAO Xiao-yun, LI Yan-ling, HUANG Da-hong, ZENG Hua-jiang, TANG Wei 2018, 34(4): 424-427.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.04.020 Abstract ( 230 )   PDF (1416KB) ( 179 )   Objective: To explore stress and strain distribution of individual endoprosthesis for the reconstruction of unilateral mandibular defect with finite element method, and discuss the biomechanical factors of postoperative exposure of individual endoprosthesis. Methods: From September 2008 to September 2011, there were three cases of implant exposure after mandibular reconstruction. The CT data of patients were reacquired, and three-dimensional finite element model of the mandible and implant was established in MIMICS and Geomagic softwares. According to the actual condition of screw fixation and occlusion of patients, stress-strain distribution of the reconstruction model was calculated in ANSYS14.0 software. Results: The finite element model can accurately analyze the stress-strain of reconstruction model of mandibular defect. The maximum strain area of implant is basically located nearby the exposed parts. Conclusion: The postoperative exposure of individual endoprosthesis is correlated with the strain distribution. The finite element analysis can discover strain clusters and provide theoretical support for optimization design of the implant. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Modification of Preparation Method of Nanometer Calcium Hydroxide and Preliminary Assessment of Biological Safety for Root Canal Therapy. WANG Zi-ming, PENG Wen-an, SUN Qing, FAN Wei 2018, 34(4): 428-431.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.04.021 Abstract ( 220 )   PDF (1988KB) ( 243 )   Objective: To modify the preparation method of nanometer calcium hydroxide (nano-Ca(OH)2) and assess the preliminarily biological safety for root canal therapy. Methods: Nano-Ca(OH)2 was prepared by use of synthetic nano-precipitation titration of Ca(OH)2 materials with the raw materials for CaCl2 and NaOH as well as polyethylene glycol (PEG). According to modified method, the whole procedure was as following: PEG parceled first CaCl2 and reacted with NaOH, and ultrasonic wave was used to vibrate reaction so that to accelerate production of nano-Ca(OH)2 and prevent agglomeration of particles, as well as drying method of heterogeneous azeotropic distillation was made to divergence the nano-Ca(OH)2 gel. The infrared spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy were used to detecte the physical and chemical characteristics of nano-Ca(OH)2. Nano-Ca(OH)2 paste that was mixed with medical iodoform and glycerol was used as root canal therapy. The scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the shape of specimens. The experiments were divided into negative group, positive group, and Nano-Ca(OH)2 paste group. Results: The modified treatment had higher automaticity, could isolate bacterial and dust particle, and decrease manufacture time, work intensity, and cost. The nano-powder distributed much more evenly without agglomeration. The nano-article of Ca(OH)2 was about 100-200nm, in the round and hammer shape. As nano-Ca(OH)2 paste, it had dense structure, compact arrangement, and smooth surface, which was better than ordinary Ca(OH)2 paste. Furthermore, nano-Ca(OH)2 paste could not interact with hemoglobin and maintain the morphological integrity and smooth surface of red blood cells. Hemoglobin value was sign-ificantly decreased in nano-Ca(OH)2 paste group compared with positive group (P<0.01). Conclusion: The modified manufacture method was scientific and reasonable. Nano-level and uniform Ca(OH)2 was produced, which could prevent the hemolytic of humanred blood cells and be used as paste for root canal therapy. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation and Characterization of Gelatin/genistein Nanocomplex. SONG Xiao-qing, WANG Xia, LIU Hong, CHENG Tian-jie, LIU Chen-chen, QIN Shuang, LU Zheng-kuan, HUANG Shan 2018, 34(4): 432-436.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.04.022 Abstract ( 272 )   PDF (1132KB) ( 179 )   Objective: To prepare biodegradable and easily entrapped gelatin/genistein nanocomplex for promote alveolar bone formation. Methods: Gelatin nanoparticles (GNPs) were prepared by two-step desolvation method, after then genistein (GEN) was adsorbed on the surface of GNPs to formulate nanocomplexes. The diameter, surface morphology, adsorption conditions, and capacity were measured and calculated. The loading of GEN on the GNPs was measured at different concentration of the GNPs, times, temperatures, and pH values by HPLC at 262nm. The concentration of genistein was calculated by standard curve equation, and the effect of various parameters on the amount of adsorption was quantified. Results: The surface of GNPs was smooth and round, and the particle diameter distribution range was from 150 to 200nm. The highest drug loading was about 34.7%, and the entrapment efficiency was over 90% under the optimized conditions. With the degradation of nanocomplexes, the release of genistein was reversible, and the lyophilized nanocomplex had stable nanostructure and drug content. Conclusion: Two-step desolvation method is an ideal way to prepare gelatin/genistein nanocomplex. Besides, the excellent structural stability enables it to be stored at room temperature for more than half a year. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation and Characterization of Fluconazole-loaded Gelatin Fiber Scaffolds for Inhibiting Candida Albicans. ZHOU Yang, LI Chen, GAO Xu, MA Xiao-zhou, LIU Chang, XUE Xiao-han, WEI Xiu-feng 2018, 34(4): 437-441.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.04.023 Abstract ( 247 )   PDF (2817KB) ( 203 )   Objective: To develop fluconazole-loaded gelatin fiber scaffolds for inhibiting the growth of candida albicans, and to explore their physicochemical properties and biological properties. Methods: The fluconazole-loaded gelatin fiber scaffolds were prepared by electrospinning, and the morphology was observed by SEM. The amount of fluconazole release was detected by UV spectrophotometry. The adhesion property was observed by cell adhesion assay and the biosafety was detected by MTT. Candida albicans were cultured in vitro to test its inhibitory effect on candida albicans. Results: The fluconazole-loaded gelatin fiber scaffolds exhibited nanoscale diameter with interlaced three-dimensional network structures, and the degradation rate in vitro was about 10% after 5 days. The cell viability was high. Some cells adhered to the surface of scaffolds, and the others extended into it. Fluconazole released fast within the first 6 hours, then got slow. Scaffolds had inhibitory effect on candida albicans. Conclusion: Fluconazole-loaded gelatin fiber scaffolds have good stability, adhesion, and biosafety with large and lasted drug release ability. The inhibitory effect on candida albicans is excellent. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Panaxnotoginseng Saponins on Osteoclasts and Expression of BMP-2 in Periodontal Tissues of Rabbits during Teeth Movement. JIANG Xing-yu, ZHANG Yu-feng, YANG Lu, SUN Jin-hu, LI Ting. 2018, 34(4): 442-447.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.04.024 Abstract ( 218 )   PDF (4986KB) ( 196 )   Objectives: To study the effect of panaxnotoginseng saponins (PNS) on the alveolar bone remodeling and the expression of BMP-2 in rabbit periodontal tissues during orthodontic teeth movement. Methods: Thirty-two 3-6-month-old male New Zealand white rabbits were casually divided into two groups: PNS group and control group, which were injected with xueshaungtong and normal saline by intramuscular injection. Each group was divided into 7, 14, 21, and 28 days four subgroups, respectively. The rabbits in each group were sacrificed to obtain mandibular tooth specimens after 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks. The changes of periodontal ligament and alveolar bone were observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining was used to detect osteoclasts numbers. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was used to detect the expression of BMP-2 in periodontal tissues of the teeth. Results: The numbers of osteoclasts in the PNS group reached a peak at the 1st week, and then declined in the 2nd week. There was no significant difference between PNS group and NS group in the 3rd week. The expression of BMP-2 in PNS group was higher than that in NS group (P<0.05) in the 1st week, and reached the peak in the 2 nd week. The expression of BMP-2 was continued to decline in the 3 rd and 4th week, and there was no significant difference between PNS group and NS group. Conclusion: Panaxnot-oginseng saponins can increase the number of osteoclasts in periodontal tissues and increase the expression of BMP-2 in periodontal tissues,which suggests that PNS has a positive effect on the alveolar bone remodeling during teeth movement. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Estrogen Receptor on Osteogenic Differentiation of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells in Ovariectomized Rats. SHEN Lan-hua, ZHANG Rui, MENG Ling-na 2018, 34(4): 448-451.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.04.025 Abstract ( 211 )   PDF (810KB) ( 195 )   Objective: To investigate the effect of estrogen receptor on osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) by constructing a low estrogen microenvironment. Methods: Sixteen female SD rats were randomly divided into ovariectomized group and sham operation group, who were given surgical treatment accordingly. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to measure the rat estrogen receptor and osteogenic index. Results: The weight of OVX group was significantly higher than that in the sham operation group, and estradiol and bone density were significantly lower than those of sham operation group (P<0.05). The ALP activities of OVX group after 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11 d were higher than those of sham operation group (P<0.05), however, no difference at 1d and 13 d. The levels of ERα mRNA of OVX group after 5, 9, 11, and 13 d were significantly lower than those of sham operation group, and the levels of ERβ mRNA of OVX group after 5, 7, 11, and 13 d were significantly lower than those in sham operation group. The levels of ALP mRNA, BSP mRNA of OVX group after 5, 7, 9, 11, and 13 d were significantly lower than those in sham operation group (P<0.05). Conclusion: The osteogenic ability of PDLSCs in ovariectomized rat is correspondingly reduced, and the estrogen receptor plays an important role on osteogenic differentiation ability of PDLSCs. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Bibliographic Characteristics of Top 100 Cited Articles Last Decade in Dentistry. YU Ting, ZHAO Li, QIN Wen-guang, ZHANG Jin-cai, XUAN Dong-ying 2018, 34(4): 452-456.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.04.026 Abstract ( 291 )   PDF (2480KB) ( 283 )   Objective: To analyze bibliographic characteristics of highly cited papers last decade in dentistry. Methods: Bibliographic characteristics including publication year, publishers, journals, authors and their countries of top 100 (TOP 100) cited papers in dentistry between 2006 and 2016 were obtained from the Web of Science database. Open or toll access and methodological designs were determined in full-text papers. Bibliographic characteristics were analyzed. Results: TOP 100 papers were mainly from the year 2006 to 2008 (72%). Ninety-three percent papers were from dental journals, >1/3 from the Elsevier, >2/3 from toll access. The top 10 countries by paper number were the Western, followed by China ranking 11. Sixty-three papers were done by one country. The most common international collaboration involved 2 to 4 countries. There were 4 authors per paper on average and 6 papers most per author. Periodontology including implantology was the main research area (37%). Review or expert opinion was the main methodological design (53%). Conclusion: Bibliographic characteristic analysis of highly cited papers provides researchers delicate guidelines on publication and evaluation of research works and on academic communication and directions. References | Related Articles | Metrics