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28 March 2015, Volume 31 Issue 3 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Differentiation of Osteoclasts in the Process of Accelerated Osteogenic Orthodontic. CHEN Ya-wen, GAO Long-hua, JIANG Jiu-hui. 2015, 31(3): 205-208.  Abstract ( 203 )   PDF (1971KB) ( 229 )   Objective: To optimize alveolar decortications-facilitated orthodontic and to study the mechanism underlying . Methods: In this study, 40 rabbits were randomly divided into 5 groups of 8 rabbits each. The left side of the mandible served as the experimental side, which was treated by alveolar decortication-facilitated orthodontic and the right side served as the control side. 4 oz force was applied to the mandibular first molar. The measurements on 8 rabbits were done on days 1, 3, 5, 7 and 14. Three of the animals at each time point were used for histological observation. The other five animals were used for molecular studies. Results: Histological observation demonstrated a higher count of osteoclasts and bone remodeling activity and two consecutive obvious growth in the experimental group. In addition, different cytokines of the osteoclast had different expression trend at the same time: the mRNA expression of CTSK and TRAP was markedly upregulated and reached its highest on the 5th day; the CTR mRNA was expressed evenly on day 1 through day 7, and the trend of JDP2 and NFATC1 expression was consistent, reaching its highest on the 7th day; the Fra2 expression increased on the 5th day and was significantly higher on days 5, 7, and 14 days. Conclusion: It suggests that among this procedure osteoclast may differentiate twice to accelerate roots movement. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Autophagy on Proliferation Activity and the Apoptosis of Genioglossus Muscle Satellite Cells in Hypoxia Condition. JIANG Li-Bin, QIN Wen, LIU Wen-Jia, et al. 2015, 31(3): 209-212.  Abstract ( 201 )   PDF (1618KB) ( 225 )   Objective: To explore the effect of autophagy on proliferation activity and expression of apoptotic protein of genioglossus muscle satellite cells (GG MuSCs) in hypoxia condition. Methods: Male rat GG MuSCs were cultured in vitro. The non-toxic dose of chloroquine (CQ) was determined and the proliferation activity of GG MuSCs was detected by MTT assay. The GG MuSCs were divided into six groups: normoxia group, CQ(25μmol/L) plus normoxia group, hypoxia group, CQ(5μmol/L) plus hypoxia group, CQ(15μmol/L) plus hypoxia group and CQ(25μmol/L) plus hypoxia group. Western blot was used to examine the expression of LC3,caspase-3 and cytochrome c(Cyt c) protein. Results: In contrast with normoxia group, the ratio of LC3-Ⅱ/Ⅰ, caspase-3, Cyt c protein expression and the proliferation activity were increased in hypoxia group. After treatment with autophagy inhibitor CQ, the ratio of LC3-Ⅱ/Ⅰprotein expression in CQ plus hypoxia group was higher than hypoxia group, which showed obviously dose-dependent effect. Meanwhile, the proliferation activity of CQ plus hypoxia group significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: Hypoxia can induce the autophagy of GG MuSCs and enhance proliferation activity in hypoxia. Inhibition of autophagy can decrease proliferation activity and aggravate the expression of apoptotic protein. This suggests that autophagy may be a vital mechanism which protect the GG MuSCs from hypoxic damage. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Activation of Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells by Lipopolysacchride from Porphyromonas Gingivalis. HONG Fei-fei, LEI Lang, PAN Sheng-bo, et al. 2015, 31(3): 213-216.  Abstract ( 193 )   PDF (1269KB) ( 281 )   Objective: To investigate whether porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysacchride(Pg-LPS) can activate triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells to stimulate inflammatory response. Methods: Mice peritoneal macrophages were separated and cultured, then treated with Pg-LPS. Quantitative real time PCR was utilized to detect mRNA transcription of TLR-2, TLR-4, TREM-1 and TREM-2, and flow cytometry was used to quantify protein expression,and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and macrophage inflammatory protein-1α(MIP-lα) in supernatants were detected by enzyme linked absorbent analysis (ELISA). Results: 2 h after Pg-LPS incubation, TLR-2 and TREM-1 mRNA transcription was up-regulated; 24 h after Pg-LPS treatment, increased TLR-2 and TREM-1 protein expression was detected; Pg-LPS did not significantly activate TLR-4 and TREM-2;Pg-LPS triggered TNF-α and MIP-lα release into cell culture. LP-17 polypeptide, an inhibitor of TREM-1, inhibited Pg-LPS stimulated cytokine production. Conclusion: TLR-2 and TREM-1 were involved in innate immune response to Pg-LPS. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Long-term Effects of Unilateral Anterior Crossbite on the Pressure Pain Threshold of Rats Masseters. LIAO Li-fan, JIN Lei, ZHANG Hong-yun, et al. 2015, 31(3): 217-219.  Abstract ( 152 )   PDF (1153KB) ( 181 )   Objective: To explore the pressure pain threshold(PPT) changes of masseters induced by the unilateral anterior crossbite (UAC) prosthesison rats. Methods: UAC model was set up with metal tubes on rats which were sacrificed at weeks 4,12,16,20. And then the PPTof ipsilateral masseters of the 20w groups were observed at day1, 3, 5, 7 and week 2,4,8,12,16,20 after UAC, while the PPT of ipsilateral masseters of the 4w,12w and 16w groups were observed at day1, 3, 5, 7 and the day they were sacrificed. Resules: The UAC leaded to decreased PPT (P<0.05). And the decreased PPT was significant from the day1, and peaked at day3 after UAC. Then the value of PPT increased gradually at day5 and day7, and there was no significant difference between the control group and the UAC group from week 2 to weeks 20. The PPTs of the 20w group at 4 weeks,12 weeks and 16weeks had no significant differences with the 4w group, the 12w group and the 16w group respectively. And at the same time, there was no significant difference of PPTs between the female and male rats significantly. Conclusion: The unilateral anterior crossbite can induce the acute, short-term and restorable decrease of PPT of ipsilaterl masseters of rats. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Cytocompatibility Study of Silk Fibroin/poly-L-lactic Acid Scaffold and Chondrocytes in Vitro. SUN Ying, LI Zheng-qiang, LIU Wei-wei, et al. 2015, 31(3): 221-225.  Abstract ( 158 )   PDF (2192KB) ( 304 )   Objective: To lay the foundation for further body and animal experiment, we observe the cytocompatibility on electrostatic spinning scaffold of silk fibroin/poly-L-lactic acid (SF/PLLA) in vitro and explore the feasibility in cartilage tissue engineering scaffolds. Methods: The rabbit knee joint chondrocyte were co-cultured with silk fibroin/poly-L-lactic acid (SF/PLLA) scaffold. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and Alcian blue- nuclear fast red staining were tested on day 3, 7 and 14 respectively. Cell adhesion was tested by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Cell proliferation was determined by MTT test. Results: Adhesion, proliferation, and growth of chondrocyte derived from rabbit knee joint chondrocytes were great on the surface of silk fibroin/poly-L-lactic acid (SF/PLLA). The chondrocytes cultured in vitro maintained the specific chondrocytes phenotype on the scaffold. Conclusion: Silk fibroin/poly-L-lactic acid (SF/PLLA) scaffold exhibits excellent cytocompatibility, and can be used for cartilage tissue engineering. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Guided Bone Regeneration in Mandibular Defects Using a Novel Collagen Membrane. BAI Bing, ZHU Jing-tao, FENG Li-fang,et al. 2015, 31(3): 226-229.  Abstract ( 231 )   PDF (2889KB) ( 366 )   Objective: To evaluate a new synthetic degradable barrier membrane based on collagen for use in guided bone regeneration. Methods: The collagen membrane was embedded in Bama pigs mandibular bone and Bio-gide@ membrane served as reference materials. In Bama pigs, three standardized 8mm×8mm defect was created in mandibular bone. Three groups (collagen, Bio-gide@, no membrane) were evaluated at 4 weeks. New bone formation was demonstrated by histological analysis. Results: In the Bio-gide@ and collagen groups, the defects were incompleted new formedbone filling. In contrast to uncovered mandibular defects, substantial bone healing was observed in defects covered with a barrier membrane. In the non membrane covered case, the formation of bone was unformed in 4 weeks. There were new formed bone under the Bio-gide@ and collagen membranes. The amount of new bone formed under the Bio-gide@ membranes were more than the amount of bone formed under the collagen membranes. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the collagen membrane was well suited for use in guided bone regeneration. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Experimental Study of Distraction Osteogenesis in the Irradiated Dog Mandible: the Electrophysiological Changes of IAN. LIU Yu-xiao, LIU Gui-cai, ZHU Guo-xiong, et al. 2015, 31(3): 230-233.  Abstract ( 143 )   PDF (1135KB) ( 230 )   Objective: To explore the electrophysiological changes of IAN during DO after irradiation. Methods: 12 Chinese dogs were randomly divided into 3 groups-GroupA,B,C.Each group owned 4 dogs individually. GroupA received a unilateral irradiation from 60Co in the mandible with a total dose of 22.8Gy in four 5.7Gy fractions (equivalent to 50Gy/25 fractions) within two weeks. GroupB receieved a unilateral irradiation from 60Co in the mandible with a total dose of 24.8Gy in four 6.2Gy fractions (equivalent to 60Gy/30 fractions) within two weeks. GroupC receieved a unilateral irradiation from 60Co in the mandible with a total dose of 27.2Gy in four 6.8Gy fractions (equivalent to 70Gy/35 fractions) within two weeks. Bilateral coticotomy was made 3 months after completion of irradiation. After a 1-week latency period bone distraction was activated at a rate of 0.5mm twice daily for 10 days, followed by a consolidation phase of 8 weeks. During the experiment,8 time-points was chosed to examine,record and analyze the evoked potentials(EP) of IAN:pre-irradiation,post-irradiation, pre-distraction, the sixth day amid distraction, post-distraction, the 2th, 4th, 8th week during consolidation.The neural electricity tester was used to each group to carry out the electrophysiologic analysis. Results: The action potential(AP) of IAN showed corresponding change during the irradiation and distraction process in groupA and B,but groupC did not got integrated AP. Conclusion: Low dose irradiation cannot influence the electrophysiologic change of the IAN during DO while high dose irradiation can severely influence it. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Simulated Microgravity on Mieralization of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells on PLGA Scaffolds in Vivo. XU Dan-dan, LI Yan-ping, PAN Shuang, et al. 2015, 31(3): 234-236.  Abstract ( 179 )   PDF (2096KB) ( 216 )   Objective: To investigate the mineralized effect of simulated microgravity on human dental pulp stem cells(hDPSCs) on PLGA(poly lactic-co-glycolic acid) after subcutaneous transplantation into nude mice. Methods: hDPSCs were seeded into PLGA scaffolds and cultured for 72 hours, then cell-scaffold composites were randomly divided into 2 groups: normal gravity group and simulated microgravity group, which were both cultured in osteogenic induction medium. After 1 week, cell-scaffold composites of both groups were respectively transplanted into the subcutaneous tissue of immunodeficiency mice. The samples were retrieved after 4 weeks of implantation for histological(HE and Vonkossa) and immunohistochemical (DSPP) examinations. Results: Angiogenesis was visualized in HE stained sections. Vonkossa staining were positive for assessing mineral deposition. The expression level of DSPP in simulated microgravity group was significant higher than that in normal gravity group(P<0.05). Conclusion: Simulated microgravity is advantageous for the mineralization of hDPSCs in nude mice. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the Mutual Induction between Tooth Germ Cells and Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Transfected by Bone Morphogenetic Protein4 Gene in Vitro. WANG Huan-huan, SHEN Yu-feng, HU Yang, et al. 2015, 31(3): 237-241.  Abstract ( 226 )   PDF (1465KB) ( 200 )   Objective: To study the mutual induction between tooth germ cells and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells with bone morphogenetic protein4 gene in vitro. Methods: Lentiviral vectors carrying BMP4 were constructed to transfect rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs) and BMSCs tansfected by BMP4 were co-cultured with tooth germ cells (1:1)respectively .The cells were divided into five groups: BMSCs group, BMP4/BMSCs group, tooth germ cells group, BMSCs tooth germ cells group (the mixed group1), BMP4/BMSCs tooth germ cells group (the mixed group2) .The five groups were extracted using real-time quantitative PCR and western blotting to detect the mRNA and protein levels of collagen I, enamel protein,dentin matrix protein 1, and homeobox gene 1. Results: In the mixed group2, mRNA and protein levels of collagen I, enamel protein,dentin matrix protein 1 and homeobox gene 1 were higher, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: The co-culture of tooth germ cells and BMSCs tansfected by BMP4 can increase the expressions of odontogenic genes,and they are suitable as seed cells of tissue-engineered tooth. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Periodontal Therapy on Serum C-reactive Protein in CHD Patients with Chronic Periodontitis: A Systematic Review. XIAO Yan, LIU Bing, ZHU Juan-fang, et al. 2015, 31(3): 242-246.  Abstract ( 169 )   PDF (799KB) ( 261 )   Objective: To determine the effectiveness of periodontal therapy on serum C-reactive protein in CHD patients with chronic periodontitis reported by articles and to assess the quality of the studies by evidence-based medicine(EBM). Methods: The databases such as CNKI, wanfangdata, VIP, CBM published from the 1994 to 2013 were searched. All published literatures about the effectiveness of periodontal therapy on serum C-reactive protein in CHD patients with chronic periodontitis were collected. Literatures were screening and the data were extracted in accordance with inclusion criteria. Literature based on evidence-based medicine was analysed. Results: There were totally 15 articles that met the criteria. Randomized controlled trials (RCT) was in a small number and low research quality. Meta-analysis could not be done. The results showed that: for now, periodontal therapy may reduce the levels of serum C-reactive protein in CHD patients with chronic periodontitis. Conclusion: There are not enough articles about the effectiveness of periodontal therapy on serum C-reactive protein in CHD patients with chronic periodontitis. The quantity and quality of the reviewed studies are far from satisfaction and can not meet the clinical needs. Further trials of high methodological quality need to be undertaken in order to guide the effectiveness of periodontal therapy on serum C-reactive protein in CHD patients with chronic periodontitis. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of three Kinds of Porcelain Crown on TNF-α and IL-1β Levels in Gingival Crevicular Fluid. LI Hong, SHEN Wen-jing, QIU Ya-fei, et al. 2015, 31(3): 247-249.  Abstract ( 138 )   PDF (1270KB) ( 194 )   Objective: To further investigate the effects of three kinds of materials on the level of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). Methods: Patients with Co-Cr alloy porcelain crown, titanium porcelain crown and zirconia all-ceramic crown for maxillary anterior teeth of 30 cases were divided into three groups. After for 1 month and 3 months, the amount of gingival crevicular fluid, PLI index, TNF-α and IL-1β levels in gingival crevicular fluid were recorded and analyzed. Results: Before tooth preparation all indexes showed no difference among three groups. The level of GCF, TNF-α and IL-1β of Co-Cr alloy group showed significant difference with Ti PFM and all ceramic crowns after 1 month and 3 months. However, the levels of GCF, TNF-α and IL-1β of Ti PFM group showed no difference with all–ceramic crowns group. Conclusion: The Ti PFM and all-ceramic crown may have less impact on the periodontium than the Co-Cr PFM. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study of Chinese X-linked Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia Pedigrees Caused by Exon Deletion of EDA Gene. LI Xiao-jie, BIAN Zhuan, YIN Wei. 2015, 31(3): 250-253.  Abstract ( 180 )   PDF (803KB) ( 253 )   Objective: To report a Chinese X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia pedigree and analyze genetic and phenotypic characters of this pedigree. Methods: The protocol was similar with the previous. Briefly, the pedigree was reported through the identified proband. All family members were investigated through clinical examination and pedigree analysis. The whole nucleotide sequence of EDA gene was studied by direct sequencing. Results: The pedigree was transmitted through X-linked recessive manner. Male patients in this family have characteristic features, while carriers only have mild exhibition. The whole exon 3 EDA gene was deleted in this pedigree. Conclusion: This family showed classical phenotype of XLHED and the causative mutation was exon 3 deletion. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Dracorhodin Perchlorate on the Proliferation and Apoptosis of Tongue Squamous Carcinoma Cell Line Tca-8113. ZHOU Cai-ran, GUO Shu-juan, ZENG Jin, et al. 2015, 31(3): 254-257.  Abstract ( 169 )   PDF (1663KB) ( 249 )   Objective: To investigate the effect of dracorhodin perchlorate (DP) on the cell proliferation and apoptosis and to discuss relevant signaling pathways in human tongue squamous carcinoma cell line Tca-8113 . Methods: The Tca8113 cells were used as research object in this experiment. The growth, apoptosis and the expression of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase 1(HO-1) were detected in human tongue carcinoma cell line(Tca-8113), using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), the flow cytometry and Western blot to assay. All statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS 17.0 statistical package. Results: CCK-8 assay proved that there was a much pronounced decrease in cell viability on treatment with DP compared with control group and the time- and dose-dependent effects of treatment with DP on the growth of cells (P<0.05). Flow cytometric analysis and Western blot demonstrated that DP promoted cell apoptosis (P<0.05) and elevated the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 proteins in Tca-8113 cells. Conclusion: DP inhibited tongue squamous carcinoma Tca-8113 cells growth and induced apoptosis, which may be relevant with the activation of Nrf2/HO-1signaling pathway in oral cancer cells. DP could be developed as an agent against OSCC. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction and Preliminary Study of Dental Prosthesis Crown Model Based on the Industrial Reverse Engineering and CAM Technology. ZHANG Xiao, LI Xin, ZHANG De-qiang. 2015, 31(3): 258-260.  Abstract ( 183 )   PDF (1147KB) ( 275 )   Objective: To design and manufacture resin crown using reverse engineering and industrial CAM technology, to explore application prospects of industrial technology in the field of oral restoration. Methods: We scanned the plaster model of tooth preparation with the 3D scanning measurement instrument, analysed the data by SolidWorks three-dimensional mapping software, and processed the crown by the Camworks program and Chinese' laser rapid forming machine. Results: We reproduced the production process of the crown successfully,and produced to meet the requirements of the resin crown. Conclusion: The industrial CAM Technology is indispensable to the area of oral technology,it can satisfied the production requirements of different kinds of material crowns,and lay the foundation for the development of Chinese's independent dental CAD/CAM Technology. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Colorimetric Characteristics of the Dark Color Abutments Respectively Covered by Four Different All-ceramic Crowns by Using a Spectrophotometer. CHEN Yi-fan, WU Yin, LI Xiao-min, et al. 2015, 31(3): 261-264.  Abstract ( 147 )   PDF (911KB) ( 444 )   Objective: To evaluate the optical data of the different sites of the dark color abutments covered by four different all-ceramic crowns and the color difference between the crowns and the target tab by using a digital dental spectrophotometer. Methods: Ten dark color(ND8) abutments were made and were respectively tried in four different groups of all-ceramic crowns (Procera aluminia, Procera zirconia, Lava zirconia, IPS E.max glass-ceramic lithium disilicate-reinforced monolithic crown).The color data of the cervical, body, incisal sites of the samples was recorded and analyzed by a spectrophotometer. The CIE L*、a*、b* values were measured again after veneered. The color difference between the abutments covered by all-ceramic crowns and target A2 dentin tab was evaluated. Results: The L* values of the abutments increased in four groups of all-ceramic copings, but a*、b* values were both decreased. There was statistical difference among four groups of copings. After veneered, the L* values of all the copings declined slightly, the values of a*, b* increased significantly. When compared with A2 tab, the ΔE of the crowns was below 4. It meant the color difference which was almost clinically acceptable but was perceived by human eyes. Conclusion: Four ceramic copings were demonstrated to effectively promote the lightness and hue of the dark abutments. Though the colorimetric baseline of these copings was uneven, veneer porcelain which thickness less than 0.8~0.9mm could efficiently decrease the color difference to be clinically acceptable, but four ceramic systems were still different in colorimetric characteristics to some extent. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical Study on the Diagnosis and Treatment Design of Adolescent Impacted Teeth with CBCT. MENG Ai-qi, GAN Quan, SUN Han, et al. 2015, 31(3): 265-267.  Abstract ( 181 )   PDF (765KB) ( 377 )   Objective: To provide accurate guidline for clinical diagnosis and treatment design by analyzing 54 maxillary impacted teeth with CBCT three-dimensional technique. Methods: 54 maxillary impacted teeth were three-dimensional reconstructed by the use of CBCT technique. Their direction, position, root conditions and relationship with adjacent teeth were evaluated by CS 3D Imaging analysis software. Results: Maxillary impacted teeth were mostly vertical impacted and crowns were approximately near 1/2 or apex of adjacent teeth root in proportion of 66.7%. The position of the root apex varied in 10 millimeters ranges. The frequency of osseous adhesion was 1.9%. Of 54 maxillary impacted teeth, 45 were erupted by orthodontic traction and 9 were extracted. Conclusion: CBCT can locate impacted teeth precisely and provide an important basis for clinical orthodontic treatment. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Porphyromonas Gingivalis Lipopolysaccharide (Pg-LPS) on the Expression of EphA2 Gene in Osteoclast. GAO Ai-chao, YU Hai-yan, LI Na, et al. 2015, 31(3): 268-271.  Abstract ( 235 )   PDF (1739KB) ( 352 )   Objective: To investigate the effect of porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (Pg-LPS) on the expression of EphA2 gene in RAW264.7 cells during osteoclastic differentiation. Methods: RAW264.7 cells were stimulated with 10μg/ml of porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (Pg-LPS) at 1, 3 and 5 d. RT-PCR was applied to determine the expression of EphA2 gene and the osteoclast related genes(MMP9,c-fos,ACP5,CtsK,NFATc1). Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining was applied to observe osteoclast differentiation and maturation. Results: Compared with the control group, at the 3 d and 5 d, the EphA2 gene mRNA expression was significantly increased 2.4-fold and 1.2-fold in Pg-LPS group. At the 1 d, there was no obvious difference between the Pg-LPS group and control group. Meanwhile Pg-LPS stimulation significantly promote osteoclast related genes of c-fos, NFATc1, CtsK, ACP5 and MMP9 expressions.Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining showed that compared with the control group, the number of the TRAP positive cells was significantly increased in the Pg-LPS group. Conclusion: Pg-LPS can promote the expression of EphA2 gene in the middle and later stages of osteoclast differentiation,but has no obvious effect in the early stage. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Solvent Content on Microtensile Bond Strength and Interfacial Morphology of 2 Adhesive Systems to Acid Etched Dentin. SHAO Fang-yang, YANG Xiao-ye, JIANG Hui-qian, et al. 2015, 31(3): 272-275.  Abstract ( 221 )   PDF (1927KB) ( 310 )   Objectives: To compare the interaction of dentin with an acetone-based and an ethanol/water-based adhesive systems. Methods: A total of 24 intact young human premolars extracted for orthodontic reasons were used. The enamel of occlusal surfaces of these premolar teeth was removed and dentin was exposed. The specimens were split into 2 groups, 1 group for each bonding agent: acetone-based adhesive system (Prime Bond NT, PB) and alcohol-water-based (Single Bond2, SB2). Dentin adhesive systems were bonded to dentin according to manufacturers’ instructions, composite layers were built up incrementally. Microtensile bond strength was determined, and the results were statistically analyzed using t-test with a 5% level of significance. SEM and LCSM investigation were performed for the qualitative evaluation of resin-dentin hybridization. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in bond strength between the adhesive systems. Both bonding systems could infiltrate well into the peritubular- and intratubular. Hybrid layer and resin tags were formed. Hybrid layer of SB2 group was thin and rough, resin tags were long. Conclusion: Different solvent content had no influence on the microtensile bond strength of total-etch dentin adhesive systems. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Follow-up Study of Electromyography of Masticatory Muscles in Short-term Treatment of OSAHS Patients with the MAD WANG Xiao-yu, YU Zhe, ZHAO Ying. 2015, 31(3): 276-279.  Abstract ( 156 )   PDF (1046KB) ( 200 )   Objective: To investigate the electromyography of masticatory muscles in OSAHS patients with short-term treatment with the MAD. Methods: 37 patients with OSAHS who had been treated with the MAD were included in the study group. The Bio-EMGⅢ was conducted to identify the surface electromyography (EMG) of temporal anterior (TA) and masseter muscle (MM) changes at rest position and clenching. The asymmetry index of bilateral muscles and the activity indexes of TA/MM were compared before and after 1 week treatment. Results: 1)No obvious changes of the activity of masticatory muscles at rest position and clenching were found 1 week after MAD treatment; 2)No obvious changes of the asymmetry index of masticatory muscles happened; 3) The activity indexes of TA/MM significantly increased (P<0.05). Conclusion: The coordinated EMG activity of different masticatory muscles was changed by using the MAD over a short period of time. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical Study of Palodent on the Paired Posterior Teeth. ZHANG Rong, GUO Jing, NAN Xiao-mei. 2015, 31(3): 280-282.  Abstract ( 173 )   PDF (1152KB) ( 237 )   Objective: To compare the clinical effect of Palodent and circumferential matrix systems in filling the paired posterior teeth. Methods: One hundred and two paired cavities with classⅡcavities which met with the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into study group(Palodent group) and control group( circumferential group). One doctor-in-charge completed all the cavity filling. Immediately after cavity filling,one week later and one year later,questionnaires were filled by another doctor to evaluate the comfort level,food impaction,anatomical shape,marginal ridge,proximal contact and gum inflammation. Results: There were significant differences on indexes of comfort level, food impaction, anatomical shape, marginal ridge, proximal contact, gum inflammation between the two systems. Conclusion: Palodent matrix system is better than circumferential matrix system in filling the peired posterior teeth. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Suppressor of Cytokine signaling-1 Silencing on the Proliferation and Chemotherapeutic Drugs Sensitivity of Human Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Tongue. MA Zhuang, ZHANG Sheng, ZHU Yu-wen, et al. 2015, 31(3): 283-286.  Abstract ( 253 )   PDF (1269KB) ( 235 )   Objective: To detect the changes of cell proliferation and chemotherapeutic drugs sensitivity of human squamous cell carcinoma of tongue after suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 (SOCS1) gene silencing, and to explore the SOCS1 as the target of anti-tumor therapy through enhancing the function of chemotherapeutic drugs. Methods: Western blot, PCR and real-time PCR were used to verify the down regulation of SOCS1 human squamous cell carcinoma of tongue cell (CAL27) after transfection; and the change of chemotherapeutic drugs sensitivity was detected by MTT assay; cell counting was used to measure cell proliferation rate; flow cytometry was used to detect the cell cycle. Results: Results of RT-PCR and western blot showed that the expression levels of SOCS1 mRNA and protein were significantly decreased in small hairpin SCOS1 (shSOCS1) transfected CAL27 cells. After the silence of SOCS1, the median inhibitory concentration of chemotherapeutic drugs for CAL27 cells decreased significantly (P<0.01). 72 hours after the SOCS1 silencing, the cell count of shSOCS1 cells dropped significantly compared with that of control group (P<0.05). The cell cycle arrest was promoted at the G0/G1 phase, but the percentage of cells in S phase and G2/M decreased compared to that of control groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: Inhibition of SOCS1 gene expression decreases the proliferation ability of human squamous cell carcinoma of tongue cell line CAL27, and enhances the sensitivity of CAL27 cells to chemotherapeutic drugs. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Drug Combined with Stable Biteplate on TMD. WEN Shi-sheng, GUO Wen-jing, MEI Yan. 2015, 31(3): 287-289.  Abstract ( 165 )   PDF (809KB) ( 231 )   Objective: To investigate the hyaluronic acid sodium(SH) intra-articular injection combined with stable biteplate(SBP) in temporomandibular joint disorder(TMD) therapy, to evaluate the effect of treatment. Methods: Observation group included 18 cases of TMD patients who were given SH intra-articular injection therapy combined with SBP treatment;the control group included 18 patients with TMD who were treated only with SBP treatment. Comparative analysis was performed before and after treatment in patients with opening index (OTI), pain index (VAS) and muscle tenderness index (PI) and joint pressure diagnosis value (JP) changes. Results: After treatment, OTI, VAS, PI and JP of the patients in the two groups were significantly decreased, and the observation group index decreased significantly lower than the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Intraarticular injection of SH combined with SBP in the treatment of the effect of TMD is better than the simple use of SBP fixed. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of CBCT in the Diagnosis of Mandibular Tumor and Tumor-like Lesions. ZHANG De-ming, WANG Jiang-tao. 2015, 31(3): 290-293.  Abstract ( 159 )   PDF (2205KB) ( 325 )   Objective: To investigate the clinical value of cone beam compted tomography(CBCT) in the diagnosis of mandibular tumors and tumor-like lesions. Methods: CBCT images from 16 cases who suffered from mandibular tumor or tumor-like lesions were studied,including axial,coronal, sagittal,curved planes and volume rendering images of the lesions.The dimension,shape and internal structure of the lesions were observed, the anatomic relationship between the lesions and closed teeth, mandibular canal were analyzed,and verified during the operation. Results: Of the 16 cases of mandibular tumor and tumor-like lesions, 6 cases were odontoma, 3 cases were ameloblastoma, 3 cases were keratocyst, 2 cases were ossifying fibroma, 2 cases were fibrous dysplasia. The dimension, shape and internal structure of all the lesions and the impact with the closed teeth, mandibular canal were displayed distinctly, there were no different during the operations. Conclusion: CBCT can support completely image information of mandibular tumor and tumor-like lesions and can be a routine examination before operation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Reconstruction of the Incisor Papillae following Interdisciplinary Approach Treatment in Adult Periodontal Patients. LIU Wen-fang, ZHU Li-hong, HE Fei,et al. 2015, 31(3): 294-297.  Abstract ( 183 )   PDF (1903KB) ( 337 )   Objective: To evaluate interdisciplinary approach treatment in reconstructing incisor papillae involved periodontal disease with deep overbite and crown restored. Methods: Nineteen adult patients were treated. For each patient, probing pocket depth (PD) and bleeding on probing (BOP) were assessed at baseline,3-month after initial therapy, the end of orthodontic treatment,the bebinning and 6-month and 12-month after temporary crown restored; Papilla index(PI) and papillary height (PH) were assessed only at the back three timepoint. Non-parametric, χ2 and One-Way ANOVA tests were carried out for the statistical analysis of the data. Results: Three months after initial therapy, the sites with PD≥4 mm accounted for 11.42% of the observed teeth and 95.37% (103/108) of buccal and lingual sites of the teeth showed negative bleeding on probing, These findings were better than at baseline; At the end of orthodontic treatment, PD≥4 mm accounted for 13.98%, 80.56% BOP showed negative than three months after initial therapy; and there was no difference at the beginning, 6-month and 12-month after temporary crown restored. At the beginning , 6-month and 12-month after temporary crown restored , the levels Ⅲof the PI were 1,8 and 17,the levels Ⅱ were 13,16 and 11,respectively,among the 35 observed papillae,there was statistic difference between them. The heights of gingival papillae measured were (1.54±0.54) mm,(2.31±0.56)mm and(3.08±0.50)mm,these results revealed significant difference. Conclusion: After initial therapy, right selection of indications, interdisciplinary approach and accurate design may reconstruct the interproximal soft tissue, with esthetic improvement of the papillary level. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A Meta-analysis of the Survival of CEREC Ceramic Inlays and Onlays with 1-surface or Multi-surface Follow up at Least 8 Years. LI Xiao-ying, GUO Jia-ping, GUO Yi, et al. 2015, 31(3): 299-305.  Abstract ( 160 )   PDF (2048KB) ( 295 )   Objective: To valuate the survival of CEREC ceramic inlays and onlays with 1-surface and multi-surface after follow up for 8 years. Methods: English databases (Cochrane library, Pubmed, EMbase) and Chinese databases(CBM, VIP, Wan fang ) were searched up to December 31. 2013. Randomized controlled trial and non-randomized trail were collected. The patients with posterior tooth defect were included. We also retrieved special journals, conference proceedings and the references of those studies to avoid omissions. The experiment group was treated with CEREC ceramic inlays or onlays with 1-surface and the control group was CEREC inlays or onlays with multi-surface. Bias risk for individual study was assessed with methods recommended by the Cochrane collaboration and the quality of evidence from this Meta-analysis was assessed with GRADE system. Results: We collected 3 studies totally which included 3538 CEREC ceramic restorations. Results showed that the survival of CEREC ceramic inlays/onlays:2-surface was higher than 1-surface (8 years) (HR=6.32, 95%CI :1.72-23.20, P=0.005); 3-surface was higher than 1-surface (8 years) (HR=5.87, 95%CI :1.84-18.71,P=0.003), and there’s no significant difference between 1-surface and ≥4-surface (HR=1.92, 95%CI :0.42-8.79,P=0.40). Using GRADE system, quality of evidence for 2 outcomes (1-surface vs. 2-surface; 1- surface vs. 3-surface) were low and for 1 outcome (1 surface vs. ≥4surface)was very low. Conclusion: Survival rate(for 8 years) of Cerec ceramic inlays and onlays were reported, the current evidence indicates that the survival rate(for 8 years) do not always increase with the increase of number of surface of inlays or onlays. References | Related Articles | Metrics