Journal of Oral Science Research

Effects of Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycan on MC3T3-E1 Cell Line Mineralization.

ZHANG Yu, MA Su, LIU Pei-hong, et al

2015, 31(4): 317-319.

Abstract ( 288 )

Objective: To observe the effect of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG) on the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and calcium deposition quantity in pre-osteoblast cell line MC3T3-E1 mineralization process. Methods: MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured with different concentrations of CSPG(0,5,10,15 μg/ml)in induction medium,without CSPG as control group,the other three groups as the experimental group. Cells were cultured for 14 days by ALP staining and activity assay,21 days by alizarin red staining and calcium deposition assay. Results: Compared to the control group,ALP staining and alizarin red staining showed a decreasing trend with the increasing of CSPG concentration in the experimental group;The groups was statistically significant difference between the amount of calcium deposition (P<0.05), no significant difference in ALP activity. Conclusion: In the experimental period,CSPG inhibited calcium deposition of MC3T3-E1 cells in a dose dependent manner.

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Effects of Biomimetic Nanotubes on Osteoblast Bone Gene Expression.

YU Wei-qiang, XU Ling, ZHANG Fu-qiang

2015, 31(4): 320-323.

Abstract ( 331 )

Objective: To investigate preparation parameters of TiO₂ nanotube layer by biomimetic modification, and to evaluate the osteoblast bone gene expression in vitro. Methods: TiO₂ nanotube layer was grown using anodization method. TiO₂ nanotube layer was modified by biomimetic preparation. SEM and EDS experiment methods were employed to characterize the samples. Osteoblasts were cultivated on the surfaces, and the growth of osteoblasts was then evaluated and analyzed. Results: The Ti implant with nano-Ca-P was acquired by SEM and EDS characterization. The result of real-time PCR showed that the biomimetic nanotubes could advance the ALP and OCN gene expression(P<0.05). Conclusion: The nanotubes with nano-Ca-P can express higher bone gene level comprared with nanotubes.

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Study on the Purification of GFP Transgenic Murine Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells.

CHEN Qiu-yue, WU Bu-ling, XU Wen-an, et al

2015, 31(4): 324-327.

Abstract ( 149 )

Objective: To observe and compare two methods to purify bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) of green fluorescent protein(GFP) transgenic mice and study the feasibility to use green fluorescence protein(GFP)-BMSCs as a labeling method in transplantation experiment. Methods: Bone marrow cells isolated from 4 to 6 weeks old GFP transgenic mice were directly planted in culture flask. Cells were trypsinized on attaining 80% confluency in different Methods: (A)Regular method (B) Modified method. Morphological changes and intensity of the green fluorescent protein were observed under fluorescence microscope. Activity of BMSCs was identified according to the growth curve and multi-differentiation functions of BMSCs. Furthermore, the expression of some surface markers and green fluorescent protein was investigated by flow cytometry. Results: Because of the unwanted growth of hematopoietic cells and non-MSCs, lots of polymorphic cells were isolated from mouse via plastic adherent cultures. Compared with traditional way, the modified method could purify cells more efficiently. The subcultured cells maintained the capacity for amplification and were capable of differentiating into osteocytes and adipocytes. Their fluorescence was not diminished after several passages and could thus be used as a labeling method in vivo. Conclusion: The modified method is an effective method for purifying BMSCs of GFP transgenic mice.

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Resistance Corrosion of Four Type Nickel-titanium Orthodontic Wires in Vitro.

GUO Jin, MI Cong Bo

2015, 31(4): 328-331.

Abstract ( 152 )

Objective: To understand their resistance to corrosion of four kinds of nickel-titanium orthodontic arch wires in artificial saliva. Methods: We choose four common brands of clinical nickel-titanium arch wires, i.e. 3M (USA 3M company producing nickel-titanium orthodontic arch wire, abbreviated as 3M), SL (Super Hang Technology Co., Ltd. of Shenzhen City produced nickel-titanium orthodontic arch wire, abbreviated as SL), TP (Toboggan orthodontic Instruments Co., Ltd. produced nickel-titanium orthodontic arch wire, abbreviated as TP), and SMT (Beijing Science and Technology Co., Ltd. Saintmart produced nickel-titanium orthodontic arch wire, abbreviated SMT). Artificial saliva was prepared and the PH value of artificial saliva was adjurted to 4.0 and 6.75, respectively. We clipped arch wire ends relatively straight section (each 2cm) into the EP resin tube, and added 1 mL the adjusted good artificial saliva, saved electronic thermostat at 37 ℃, respectively. The amount of precipitation of titanium ions was tested and statistical analysed after 1 day, 7days, 28 days. Results: Four kinds of NiTi orthodontic arch wire titanium ion 7 days, 28 days after the average amount of precipitation, less than the arch wires have to be soaked first day of the amount of precipitation. Different brands of titanium ions in precipitation amount between the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Four kinds of nickel-titanium orthodontic arch wires had good corrosion resistance. Acidic environment can accelerate nickel-titanium orthodontic arch wire the amount of precipitation of titanium ions and affect nickel-titanium orthodontic arch wire corrosion resistance.

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Empirical Study of Reparation of Periodontal Bone Defects Treated with PRP and Calcined Bone Composite.

DONG Hong-bin, ZHANG Qin, HE Hui-yu, et al

2015, 31(4): 332-335.

Abstract ( 157 )

Objective: To study the dissimilar calcined bone and Bio-oss bone respectively, and composite with platelet rich fibrin (platdet-rich fibrin, PRF), and their respective alone on the effect of periodontal bone defects. Methods: Calcined bone, PRF gel and complex were prepared. 54 rabbits were selected. Periodontal tissue defect model was randomly divided into control group, PRF gel group, calcined bone group, Bio-oss bone group, calcined bone/PRF group, Bio-oss bone/PRF group. After four weeks, eight weeks and l2 weeks the animals were sacrificed for a complete specimen, radiological and histological observation. Histological staining was used to measure the height of newborn periodontal tissues. Results: X-ray results showed that: 4 weeks, 8 weeks and l2 weeks calcined bone/PRF group and Bio-oss/PRF group were significantly higher than the average density, and bone tissue defects continuously. The experimental group was seen in root surfaces like tissue formation of new cementum , periodontal ligament and alveolar bone -like tissue matures over time, increasing. 12 weeks , the calcined bone/PRF, Bio-oss bone/PRF significantly improved compared with the control group, compared with the other three groups were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Calcined bone/PRF gel and Bio-oss bone/PRF gel complexes can significantly promote the regeneration of periodontal tissues.

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Study of PRF Combined with Autogenous Bone Marrow Stem Cells on Alveolar Bone Defect.

ZHANG Wen-li, LI Shu-hui, CHEN Cheng, et al

2015, 31(4): 336-339.

Abstract ( 243 )

Objective: To observe the bone formation of platelet-rich fibrin(PRF) combined with autogenous bone marrow stem cells(BMSCs) in rabbits alveolar bone defects. Methods: Thirty-six male 2 months rabbits were divided into four groups randomly: PRF+BMSCs, PRF, BMSCs, blank control. They were minimally invasive removal of mandible incisor under general anesthesia on the left side. After 4 weeks,8 weeks,12 weeks,36 rabbits were sacarificed by injecting air to vein. Then the jaws were investigated by general observation, X-ray photography and structual observation. Results: There were significant difference in alveolar ridge width and height among four groups via measuring alveolar bone specimen.The effect of repairing alveolar bone in BMSCs+PRF was better than using BMSCs or PRF alone in factorial analysis(P＜0.05). X-ray and histological observation showed that the degree of bone resorption was observed as follows: PRF+BMSCs<PRF<BMSCs<blank control(P＜0.05)and the bone formation of PRF+BMSCs was better than PRF, BMSCs and blank control after 4 weeks,8 weeks and 12 weeks. Conclusion: PRF composited BMSCs can promote alveolar bone regeneration, repairation and had potential clinical application value.

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Effect of Different Laser Output Voltages on the Fatigue Life of Co-Cr Laser-welded Joints.

XU Min-rui, PAN Zai-xing, WU Song-quan, et al

2015, 31(4): 340-342.

Abstract ( 150 )

Objective: To investigate the effect of different laser output voltages on the mechanical properties and the fatigue life of Co-Cr laser-welded joints. Methods: Dumbbell rods made of Co-Cr alloy were laser-welded in the output voltage of 220V, 250V and 280V, respectively (n=10). The non-weld group was chosen as control group. All groups were subjected to three-point bending test on the material testing machine, the maximum compressive stress values and fatigue life of specimen were record automatically. The fracture of specimen were subjected to Microscopic phase analysis. Results: The maximum compressive stress values of laser-welded groups were smaller than the non-weld group. The smallest values was found in the 220V group, and no statistically significant difference was found between 250V group and 280V group. The fatigue life of laser-welded groups increased along with the raises of output voltage, differences were statistically significant. The fatigue life of laser-welded groups were far shorter than non-weld group. Conclusion: The fatigue life of laser-welded joints increases along with the raises of output voltages within limits.

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Biological Characterization of Ionized Collagen Scaffolds with EDC Cross-linking.

WANG Li-xia, ZHAO Huan, JIN Shu-feng, et al

2015, 31(4): 343-348.

Abstract ( 142 )

Objective: To investigate the effects of EDC cross-linking on the physicochemical properties of ionized collagen scaffolds. Methods: Ionized collagen scaffolds: native collagen(NC), methylation collagen(MC) and succinylated collagen(SC), were fabricated with modification of side chain and 1-ethyl-3-(3- dimethyl-aminopropyl) carbodiimide(EDC)cross-linking. Scaffolds were observed and analyzed using scanning electron microscopy(SEM), differential scanning calorimeter(DSC), Fourier transform infrared radiometer(FT-IR) and experiment of enzyme degradation in vitro. And the effects of EDC cross-linking on the physicochemical properties of collagen scaffolds were investigated. Results: The results indicated that modification of side chain had changed the surface charge of collagen, and EDC cross-linking had improved pore size, porosity, denatured temperature(Td) and ability of antienzyme degradation of NC and MC, changed chemical structure of NC and MC; but that had no influences on pore size, porosity, chemical structure of SC, and decreased Td and ability of antienzyme degradation of it. Coclusion: These data indicate that EDC cross-linking may lead to enhanced physicochemical properties of ionized collagen scaffolds. It provided experimental basis of ionized collagen using in periodontal tissue engineering scaffolds.

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Microlial Responses after Facial Nerve Axotomy in CS Deficient Mice.

HAO Hai-peng, Ji Zhen-wei, Nakanishi Hiroshi

2015, 31(4): 349-353.

Abstract ( 208 )

Objective: To investigate the role of CS in the recruitment and response of microglia after facial nerve axotomy. Methods: CFDA was slowly injected into the spleen of CS-/- and wild-type mice. 24 h later, the right side facial nerves of these animals were axotomized at the stylomastoid foramen after injection. In some animals, The distal free axotomized end of the facial nerve was filled with DiI as a tracing marker of facial motoneuron. For double staining, sections of the brain stem were incubated with anti-CS,CB,chAT,MMP-9 antibody, then further treated with Iba1 or F4/80 antibody. After14,50days of axotomy, sections were incubated with anti-CD3 antibody, then further treated with Iba1 antibody. The specimens obtained from CS-/- and wild-type mice after a 7-day-axotomy were incubated with anti-CS,anti-CB and anti-MMP-9 for Westernblot analysis. The specimens were also treated with CS and CB RT-PCR analysis. ATP-induced migration/transmigration and GM-CSF-induced proliferation of primary cultured microglia assay were performed. Results: After axotomy, CS and MMP-9 were highly expressed in wild-type but not in CS-/- migroglia.CB was only expressed in wild-type motoneuron. CFDA and CD3 were only detected in wild-type FMN. RT-PCR and Westernblot analysis indicated that CS and MMP-9 increased only in wild-type FMN and CB increased only in CS-/- FMN after axotomy. Migration and transmigration assay indicated that CS deficiency impaired the invasive ability of monicitic cells including micrglia. There was no difference between both groups in microglial proliferation assay. Conclusion: CS deficiency impaired the recruitment and infiltration of monocitic cells and T lymphocytes into FMN after axotomy. The CS deficiency caused microglia to become neurotoxic and phagocytic.

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Adhesion, Proliferation and Differentiation of MC3T3-E1 Cell on Bovine Bone Substitute Modified with RGD Peptide.

GAO Yuan-yuan, ZHOU Zi-qian, LIU Hui-feng, et al

2015, 31(4): 354-358.

Abstract ( 199 )

Objective: To evaluate the effect of adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells on the bovine bone modified by RGD peptide. Methods: In RGD/Bio-Oss group, Bio-Oss was coated with RGD using only deep and dry methods. The MC3T3-E1 cells were seeded on the RGD modified Bio-Oss, after 1h, 2h and 3h, the adhesion of MC3T3-E1 cells was determined by MTT assay. The morphology of MC3T3-E1 cells was observed by SEM. The proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells was determined by DNA concentration after 1d, 3d, 5d and 7d. The MC3T-E1 cells were cultured on RGD modified Bio-Oss for 7d and 14d with osteogenic supplements, the ALP activity of the MC3T3-E1 cells was measured. Results: The cell adhesion of the RGD modified Bio-Oss group was much higher than the unmodified Bio-Oss group and control group. No significant difference in cell DNA concentration between modified and unmodified Bio-Oss after 1d, 3d, 5d and 7d culture, but lower than control group. On the 14d osteogenesis inducing, the ALP activity of the cultured MC3T3-E1 cells on modified Bio-Oss was higher than unmodified Bio-Oss group and control group. Conclusion: RGD peptide could enhance MC3T3-E1 cells adhesion on Bio-Oss and promote osteogenesis differentiation, but no obvious proliferation effects.

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Evaluation of Antimicrobial Properties of β-Ca₂SiO₃/CSH Composite Materials in Vitro.

ZHAO Yu, JIA Hong-yu, LIU Ming

2015, 31(4): 359-360.

Abstract ( 143 )

Objective: To observe the antimicrobial properties of β-Ca₂SiO₃/CSH composite materials. Methods: Four cements were tested ,A(C_1.4Si),B(C_1.4Si/CSH₁₀),C(C_2.0Si) and D(C_2.0Si/CSH₁₀).Direct antimicrobial activity of the cements was tested by the agar diffusion for the streptococci mutans.The diameter of the bacterial inhibition zone was tested respectively.Antibacterial ratio of the cements was computed in different time period. Results: The average diameter of the bacterial inhibition zone of C or D was bigger than that of A or B. There were significant differences of the average diameter between C and A or D and A(P<0.05), the antibacterial ratio of C and D was up to 99% in 24h. Conclusion: The antimicrobial properties of β-Ca₂SiO₃/CSH complex were good.

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Isolation and Characterization of Human Lymphatic Endothelial Cells.

WEI Jun-cheng, ZHANG Bi, CHEN Qi, et al

2015, 31(4): 361-364.

Abstract ( 288 )

Objective: To assist further investigation of the function of lymphangiogenesis during cancer metastasis. Methods: Hematoxylin-eosine staining and immunohistochemistry were used to detect histopathological features of lymphangioma. Human lymphatic endothelial cells were isolated by collagenase digestion, and were cultured in M199 medium added with vascular growth factor and heparin. Morphology and ultrastructure of cells were observed under contras phase light microscope and transmission electron microscope. MTT was applied to survey proliferation of lymphatic endothelial cells. Results: Hematoxylin-eosine staining sections revealed that numerous dilated vessels were generally presence in glossal lymphanigoma specimen. FLT-4 and LYVE-1 were positive in lymphatic endothelial cells. LECs showed a typical cobblestone appearance observed under contrast phase light microphage. The typical granule, weibel-palade body, that was unique to the endothelial cells, is exhibited in the ultrastructure of lymphatic endothelial cells. Gap intercellular junctions in adjacent lymphatic endothelial cells were overviewed in the ultrathin sections of lymphatic endothelial cells. Lymphatic endothelial cells formed tube-like structures and communicated with each other in the collagenⅠgel to form a complex vascular plexus similar to the vessel system in vivo. Conclusion: We have successfully isolated and expanded LECs in vitro, and provided a favorable model for researching the phenotypic and functional properties of LECs.

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Oral Microbial Community Structure of Periodontitis Patients between Dongxiang and Yugurs in Gansu Province.

JIAO Kang-li, ZHU Yu-juan, XIE Pei-yuan, et al

2015, 31(4): 365-369.

Abstract ( 247 )

Objective: To study the salivary microbial community structure in adult periodontitis patients between Dongxiang and Yugurs in Gansu province. Methods: By constructing 16S rRNA gene clone library, we ananlyzed the sequencing results of DP(Dongxiang periodontitis samples) and YP(Yugurs periodontitis samples). Results: Streptococcus were detected in all 10 samples. There was a significant difference (P<0.05) of Actinobacillus (DP: 0.00%, YP: 3.30%), Neisseria (DP: 10.40%, YP: 3.60%) and Veillonella (DP: 0.40% , YP: 3.85%) between the two groups. Conclusion: There might be a certain difference of oral microbial community structure between Dongxiang and Yugurs periodontitis. And the roles of Streptococcus, Actinobacillus, Neisseria and Veillonella in the oral cavity of periodontitis patients may deserve further study.

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Relationship between Periodontal Pathogens and Drug-induced Gingival Enlargement.

LIU Hai-jie, PAN Ya-ping

2015, 31(4): 370-372.

Abstract ( 142 )

Objective: To investigate the role of periodontal pathogens in nifedipine-induced gingival enlargement. Methods: The differences of relative quantification of periodontal pathogens including porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), prevotella intermedia (Pi), treponema denticola (Td), tannerella forsythia (Tf) were tested in hypertension patients with nifedipine-induced gingival enlargement (Group A, 23cases) , hypertension patients taking nifedipine without nifedipine-induced gingival enlargement (Group B, 23cases) , patients with chronic periodontitis (Group C, 23cases) using real-time PCR. Results: The relative quantification of Pg、Td、Tf and Pi between Group A and Group B had statistically difference (P<0.05), Group A was higher than Group B, but had no statistical difference between Group A and Group C. Conclusion: Plaque microorganisms play a very important role in nifedipine-induced gingival enlargement.

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Expression of Autophagy-related Gene LC3Av1 in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and the Effection of Methylation.

WANG Qian, MA Jin-bao, BAI Hua

2015, 31(4): 373-376.

Abstract ( 172 )

Objective: To detect the expression of autophagy-related gene LC3Av1 in OSCC and the methylation status of LC3Av1, to preliminary discuss the relationship between autophagy and tumorigenesis of OSCC. Methods: The total RNA of 18 OSCC cell lines were extracted and detected LC3Av1 expression at the transcriptional level. Then the methylation status of LC3Av1 transcriptional start site was detected by COBRA. Results: Only 3 cell lines expressed 16.7% in 18 cell lines of OSCC (expressive rate was 16.7%),while LC3B expressed in all lines .And LC3Av1 methylation was detected in 17 cell lines. Conclusion: The expression of LC3Av1 decreased in OSCC suggested that the tumorigenesis of OSCC might relate to obstruction of LC3Av1 dependent autophagy. And the inactivation of LC3Av1 was associated with hypermethylation of LC3Av1 gene.

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Comparative Study on Tongue Characteristics in Intercuspal Occlusion and Tongue’s Natural Resting Position.

LIN Yan, LIN Yong-lin, XU Lin-yu

2015, 31(4): 377-380.

Abstract ( 172 )

Objective: To study the tongue charecteristics of different types of anterior occlusion, to compare the difference in intercuspal occlusion and tongue’s natural resting position. Methods: Subjects with different types of anterior malocclusion were selected, and lateral cephalometric films were taken by tongue-dorsum barium sulfate filming method, in order to record the position of the body of tongue and to determine features in the alteration of tongue position. Results: The body of tongue except the root subsided evenly from intercuspal position(ICP) to tongue’s natural resting position (TNRP); in deep overbite group, the amount of tongue subsiding in the middle of tongue was most obvious, followed by the front of tongue; in deep overjet group, obvious subsiding in the front and middle of tongue was observed; significant subsiding was demonstrated in the middle and back in anterior crossbite group; the amount of subsiding in open bite group was least significant. Conclusion: Differential characteristics were observed in different types of occlusion, which may be correlated with the occlusion itself.

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A 3-5 Years Retrospective Clinical Study of Ankylos Implant System in Anterior Aesthetic Edentulous Zone.

YUE Xi-long, XU- Sheng, ZHOU Wen-juan, et al

2015, 31(4): 381-384.

Abstract ( 147 )

Objective: To measure the clinical effects of Ankylos implant in anterior aesthetic edentulous zone during 3-5 years and to discuss its application value. Methods: Between April 2008 and April 2010,200 patients underwent placement of Ankylos dental implants(325 implants) in Dental Implantation Centre of Yantai Stomatological Hospital, due to the telephone and address changed, 175 patients(280 implants) were chosen postoperative follow-up of 3 to 5 years to observe the success rate ,survival rate, marginal bone loss, gingival papilla index. Results: Observe time of 175 patients (280 implants) was 36-60 months,average time was 46.7 months,the implant success rate was 93%, the survival rate was 94.8%,the change of marginal bone loss not given bone-grafts was 0.98±0.45mm, the change of marginal bone loss given bone-graft was 0.98±0.45mm, In bone graft group,the change of marginal bone loss of Bio-oss and autogenous bone was 0.65±0.46mm, the change of maginal bone loss of the block autogenous bone and Bio-oss was 1.02±0.39mm. Conclusion: The clinical effect of Ankylos implant system in the anterior aesthetic edentulous zone is satisfying,the rate of implant success and surival is high,the loss of margin bone is low,the aesthetic effect is ideal.But because of the limiting condition of sample numbers and observe times,the related clinical reaserch need to be tested.

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Effect of Rapid Maxillary Expansion on Human Pulpal Flow.

XU Ying-hua, JIANG Ye-qiang

2015, 31(4): 385-387.

Abstract ( 149 )

Objective: To determine the pulpal blood flow (PBF) changes in anchorage teeth associated with the high forces of a rapid maxillary expansion (RME) appliance. Methods: Total 21 patients between 10 and 15 years of age were performed with 14 girls and 7 boys. A modified acrylic bonded RME appliance was used as an expansion appliance. Laser Doppler flowmetry was used for the pulpal perfusion measurements. Records were taken from 42 upper central incisors, 28 canines, and 42 first molars at the following time intervals: just before expansion (T1); at the first week of expansion (T2); at the end of the expansion process (T3); and at the third (T4), seventh (T5), and 12th weeks of retention (T6). The data gained were statistically evaluated by parametric tests. Results: PBF values of the anchorage teeth were doubled at the first week of expansion; however, these values began to decrease because of separation of the median palatal suture. PBF values tended to reach their initial values during the retention period. Pulpal perfusion changes of all examined anchorage teeth were similar to each other from the beginning to the end of the evaluation. Conclusion: PBF changes that occur with RME are reversible.

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Meta-analysis of the Relevance between MMP2 Protein and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in China.

ZHU Li-fang, YI An-hua

2015, 31(4): 388-392.

Abstract ( 149 )

Objective: To explore the relevance between MMP2 Protein expression and Oral squamous cell carcinoma in China. Methods: The CNKI, CBM, Wangfang and VIP Database were searched to collect published literature from 1990 to 2014 and meta-analysis was done. Results: 15 publications were finally included in this study. There were 685 cases of OSCC and 275 normal controls. The OR was 13.26, and the 95%CI was 9.02-19.50. Conclusions: Based on research results at present, the high expression of MMP2 protein plays a important role in the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

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Expression and Signification of Hedgehog Signaling Pathway Effective Proteins in the Tongue Carcinoma and Paracarcinoma Tissues.

SUN Guo-wen, ZHANG Xiao-fo, LI Tian, et al

2015, 31(4): 393-396.

Abstract ( 152 )

Objective: To investigate the expression and significance of the Ptch, Smo and Gli1 expression of Hedgehog (HH) signaling pathway proteins in tongue carcinoma and paracarcinoma tissues. Methods: Using the immunohistochemical method, the expression of Ptch, Smo and Gli1 in the 24 tissue samples with tongue carcinoma and paracarcinoma tissues was analysed. Results: The expression of Ptch and Smo was positive in most of tongue carcinoma tissues. Their expressions had no relations with the patients' age, sex, smoking and drinking habits, and had the positive correlation with the clinical stage and histological grading. In some cases of tongue carcinoma of the positive expression of Ptch and Smo, the Gli1 showed the positive expression. Conclusion: The HH signaling pathways by overexpression of Ptch and Smo further activate gene transcription factors gli1 and other target gene. The occurrence and development of tongue carcinoma has a certain relationship with the HH signaling pathways.

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Patient Satisfaction and Esthetic Outcome after Immediate Placement and Provisionalization for Maxillary Anterior Single Tooth-implants.

LIU Wen-fang, FAN Wan-ting, HE Shan-dan

2015, 31(4): 397-400.

Abstract ( 201 )

Objective: To evaluate the patient satisfaction and esthetic outcome of maxillary anterior single implants after gingival remodeling by provisionalization followed by placement of a definitive crown. Methods: A total of 27 implants 27 patients were included. The implants were placed immediately into fresh extraction. A temporary abutment and a provisional crown were mounted in the same visit. The definitive crown was placed after a mean period 6 months. After a mean follow-up period 24 months. The professional esthetic treatment outcome was also evaluated using pink esthetic score (PES), white esthetic score (WES), and total score of PES/WES. A visual analog scale(VAS)was used to assess the level of patient satisfaction regarding the esthetic outcome. The correlations between the PES value and WES value,VAS and PES value,VAS and WES value were calculated. Results: The mean±SD value of PES and WES were 8.22±1.48 and 8.00 ±1.33,VAS value ranged from 7 to 10,whose mean±SD was 8.19 +1.08. The statistical analysis revealed significant positive correlations between the VAS and PES value,VAS and WES value(r=0.448,P=0.019;r=0.423,P=0.028) respectively. The statistical analysis revealed significant positive correlations between the PES value and WES value(r=0.612,P<0.001). Conclusion: Immediate placement and provisionalization of single maxillary anterior implants involved a provisional crown followed by later placement of a definite crown demonstrated high professional and subjective satisfaction. A strong correlation was observed between the PES and WES, VAS and PES value,VAS and WES scoring systems.

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Aesthetic Processing and Analysis after Resection of Epulis.

SUN Su-zhen, CAO Zheng-guo, DAI Jie, et al

2015, 31(4): 401-403.

Abstract ( 181 )

Objective: To investigate the feasibility and efficacy of coronally advanced flap(CAF) and laterally positioned flap in the treatment of labiobuccal residual wounds after the epulis resection. Methods: 24 cases were selected from epulis patients. After epulis resection and local scaling and alveoloplasty, the patients were dealed with the labiobuccal wound by coronally advanced flap(CAF) and laterally positioned flap according to the condition of gingival defects. Results: There were no recurrence during the 3-6 months follow up period. Postoperative gum color and shape was ideal, but only 6 cases with thin gingiva biotype showed mild gum recession, alveolar bone absorption or black triangle. Conclusion: Using of coronally advanced flap(CAF) and laterally positioned flap in excision of epulis could get better gingival recover and esthetic results. The prognosis of thin gingiva biotype was a little worse and prone to gum recession.

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Effects of RW-Splint on the Electromyographic Activity of Masticatory Muscle of Angle Class Ⅱ Malocclusion Patients with TMD.

XIAO Hui, LIU Jun-feng, LIU Cong-hua

2015, 31(4): 404-407.

Abstract ( 188 )

Objective: To explore electromyographic activity of masticatory muscle after the RW-splint treatment of Angle class II malocclusion patients with TMD, and to offer the theoretic basis for these patients before the orthodontic treatment. Methods: After RW-splint successfully worn into patiens, surface electromyography II belongs to BioPAK system was used to measure electromyographic activity of the masticatory muscle among patients before RW-splint treatment and 1 week,2 months after RW-splint treatment, respectively. Results: EMG records of masseter muscle during ICP deceased in Angle class II malocclusion patients with TMD. Conculsion: RW-splint treatment can decrease the EMG records of masticatory muscle, however, it can’t play a obvious role in improving symmetry of bilateral masticatory muscle. Probably, RW-splint changes the position of tooth and jaw, concequently originally some premature contact and occlusal interference occurring, but this is a gradual process.

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Duraphat in Vitro Study on Prevention of Carbonated Beverages Demineralization of Enamel.

SHENG Ting, YANG Qing-ling, SUN Yu, et al

2015, 31(4): 408-409.

Abstract ( 149 )

Objective: To confirm the Duraphat can prevent carbonated drinks caused deciduous enamel demineralization. Methods: 72 tooth enamel blocks were randomly divided into four groups, each group of 18 block. Artificial saliva as control group (A); Cola carbonated drinks immersion group (B); Duraphat treatment after Cola immersion group (C); fluoride foam treated Cola immersion group (D). A, enamel blocks were not treated, B, group of enamel blocks were soaked in carbonated drinks in 30min, after removing the deionized water rinse after placing about 4 min, once again immersed in carbonated drinks in 30, so the cycle until 12 h. In experiment C, D, group of enamel blocks were respectively diped smear 4min dollar fluoride, fluoride foam, subsequent treatment with B group. The treated enamel specimens were determined by scanning electron microscopy, energy spectrum analyzer to detect the enamel surface morphology and Ga, P content (weight percentage). Results: Compared to control group, carbonated beverage soaking can cause the enamel surface demineralization, Ca, P content decreased significantly, and microhardness decreased; Fluoride varnish treatment can reduce the degree of ore removal after the enamel surface, and the crystal particle volume increase, reduce the degree of the surface of the Ca, P content is lower than the A group, the difference has statistical significance(P<0.05). Conclusion: Duraphat can be inhibited to some extent in enamel of deciduous teeth in carbonated beverage, and can promote the remineralization.

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Color Analysis of Hazakhs Younth and Hans People Younth Maxillary Anterior Teeth in Urumqi.

WANG Bing, ZHOU Quan, LIANG Xue-ping

2015, 31(4): 410-412.

Abstract ( 161 )

Objective: To study the color of Hazakh younth and Han people younth anterior teeth in color. Methods: Maxillary anterior teeth of 18-22 years old Hazakh younth and Han people younth were included. Color analysis system of digital camera and computer were used to measure the color of maxillary anterior teeth. Results: The light degree of color analysis of maxillary anterior teeth from incisor to fangs were decreased gradually in 18 to 22 years old young hans and kazaks in Urumqi. Significant differences among groups P<0.05. The degree of saturation were increased gradually. Significant differences among groups P<0.05. The light values of Hans were higher than Hazakhs, and the degree of saturation were lower than Hazakhs in incisor (P<0.017). Both light degree and saturation degree in Hans were less than Hazakhs younth in second incisor and fangs (P<0.017). Conclusion: The colored degree of maxillary anterior were different between Hazakhs younth and Hans people younth. The experiment results will give more match between Repair materials and natural teeth.

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Clinical Application of Post-extraction Alveolar Preservation on Periapical Cyst-affected Tooth.

NIU Zhi-ying, ZHOU Chao-yu, HU Qiu-xia

2015, 31(4): 413-414.

Abstract ( 191 )

Objective: To observe the effect of post-extraction alveolar preservation on periapical cyst -affected tooth with the aid of Bio - Oss Collagen and GBR technique. Methods: 28 patients were randomly devided into experimental group and control group. After extraction of periapical cyst-affected tooth, the experimental group received Bio-Oss Collagen treatment and GBR while control group received no post-extraction treatment. Results: Postoperative observation of both groups indicated a better bone regeneration and less alveolar ridge height loss in the experimental group. Conclusion: Post-extraction alveolar preservation might be recommended for alveolar ridge regeneration after periapical cyst-affected tooth were extracted.

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