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Preparation and Development of Three-dimensional (3D) Graphene Composite Scaffold in Bone Tissue Engineering LIU Bin, SONG Fuxiang 2019, 35(7): 619-624.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2019.07.001 Abstract ( 286 )   PDF (905KB) ( 204 )   With the rapid development of bone tissue engineering technology, different kinds of artificial scaffold have been successfully prepared for the repair of bone defects. The macro-porous scaffolds can effectively simulate the extracellular matrix (ECM) microenvironment, further promote the exchange of nutrients and metabolites, growth of tissue, and angiogenesis. It has a promising prospect in the field of bone tissue engineering. In recent years, the three-dimensional (3D) graphene-based composite scaffolds have become a research hotspot in the field of bone tissue engineering due to their large specific surface area, excellent biocompatibility, mechanical properties, and osteoconductivity. Therefore, this paper systematically reviewed and analyzed the preparation methods of 3D graphene scaffolds and the application of graphene-based composite scaffolds in the field of bone tissue engineering References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress and Current Situation of Influence of Invisalign System and Fixed Appliances on Periodontal Health LU Haili, KANG Na 2019, 35(7): 625-628.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2019.07.002 Abstract ( 376 )   PDF (768KB) ( 576 )   In recent years, the Invisalign system has been widely used in clinic. Compared with the traditional fixed appliances, the invisible appliance adopts plastic film pressing to form and then applies force to the teeth. The patient can take and wear the appliance freely. It has the advantages of beautiful appearance, concealment, convenience, comfort, safety, reliability, simple operation, cleanness, sanitation, and so on. However, there is still no unified conclusion as to whether it is more beneficial to the periodontal health of orthodontic patients. The purpose of this article is to summarize the research progress and current situation of Invisalign system and fixed appliances on periodontal health References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Triple Antibiotic Paste in Pulp Regeneration of Young Permanent Teeth XU Jingchen, HUANG Ruijie 2019, 35(7): 629-631.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2019.07.003 Abstract ( 329 )   PDF (765KB) ( 442 )   Pulp regeneration has been admitted as an effective treatment of pulpitis and periapical inflammation of young permanent teeth in recent years. The root canal system and periapical region infection control, the key of successful pulp regeneration, becomes a public concern. Triple antibiotic paste (TAP) contains metronidazole, ciprofloxacin, and minocycline. With the appropriate working concentration and time, it could achieve an ideal bacterial inhibitory effect, sterilize the root canal system, minimize cell toxicity, facilitate pulp tissue conversation and regeneration, and promote the root and related tooth hard tissues development. However, there are also some disadvantages of TAP such as tooth discoloration, drug resistance, and etc. This review would summarize the application and characteristics of TAP in the pulp regeneration of young permanent teeth References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Factors Influencing the Width of Attached Gingiva LIU Rongrong, LIU Shutai 2019, 35(7): 632-634.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2019.07.004 Abstract ( 270 )   PDF (758KB) ( 620 )   The attached gingiva, belonged to the keratinized gingiva, is a continual part of the marginal gingiva, and plays an important role in oral clinical red aesthetics. The width of attached gingiva (WAG) is a vital clinical parameter. WAG has become increasingly important in orthodontic, prosthodontic, implant, and periodontal treatments. But the factors that influence WAG, such as aging, innate, acquired and medical aspects, are complicated. However, a comprehensive and academic description on these factors has not been reported yet. This article reviews the progress of factors influencing WAG References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research of Periostin in the Function of Periodontal Ligament DING Ruixia, WANG Huiming 2019, 35(7): 635-638.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2019.07.005 Abstract ( 275 )   PDF (781KB) ( 270 )   Periostin is an extracellular matrix proteins, secreted by the osteoblast and its precursor cells. It is expressed in periosteum and fibrous connective tissue and involved in bone repair. It can promote the formation of bone and collagen fibers. Periostin plays a very important role in the process of cap stage, bell stage, and tooth eruption, especially in the repair and regeneration of periodontal ligament. Periostin is also an impormant local promoting factor in bone and periodontal tissue reconstruction under mechanical sterss. The present paper reviews the related development of periostin reserach on the function of periodontal ligament References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Periodontal Intervention Supplemented with Antibiotics on Serum High Sensitivity C-reactive Protein and Carotid Artery in Rats with Periodontitis Associated with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ZHAO Yong, WANG Miaomiao, WANG Chong, LI Hao, GE Xuejun, REN Xiuyun 2019, 35(7): 639-642.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2019.07.006 Abstract ( 188 )   PDF (2835KB) ( 252 )   Objective: To investigate the effect of periodontitis and its intervention on vascular changes in rats with chronic periodontitis complicated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: Thirty-five male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: group A (control group, 7 rats), group B (DM group, 7 rats), and group C (CP + DM group, 21 rats). Then group C was randomly divided into three groups: group C1 (natural process), group C2 (mechanical therapy plus antibiotics), group C3 (tooth extraction plus antibiotics), and 7 rats in each group. The levels of serum hsCRP were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The pathological changes of the vessels were observed under light microscope after HE staining. Results: The levels of serum hsCRP in group C were significantly higher than those in group A and B at all time points (P<0.05). The levels of serum hsCRP in group C1 became higher gradually with time. One week after the first intervention, the levels of serum hsCRP in group C2 and C3 reached a peak and then began to decrease (group C2 suddenly recovered at the fifth time points). Histopathology showed that in group C1, the intima was incomplete and the smooth muscle tissue of the middle membrane was necrotic, showing amorphous granules and the vessel wall was thickened. In group C2 and C3, the intima was complete and the smooth muscle cells of the middle membrane were vacuolated. There was no obvious thickening of the vessel wall. In group B, the surface of intima was rough and the smooth muscle cells of the middle membrane were vacuolated. The vessel wall was thickened. In group A, there was no obvious abnormality about the vessel wall. Conclusions: For CP rats with DM, if no intervention is applied, the serum levels of inflammatory factors may be elevated due to the persistent development of periodontal inflammation and thus increasing the risk of diabetic angiopathy. Mechanical therapy and tooth extraction may increase the risk of carotid artery disease due to elevated levels of inflammatory factors in a short period of time. But in the long term effect, tooth extraction reduces levels of inflammatory factors and improves vascular disease by removing infected teeth References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Progranulin Derived Engineered Protein Atsttrin on Osteogenic Differentiation of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells YU Miao, LI Ti, BAI Jianwen, WANG Limei, DUAN Xiaoqi, SUN Long, SUN Qinfeng 2019, 35(7): 643-646.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2019.07.007 Abstract ( 184 )   PDF (1754KB) ( 168 )   Objective: To explore the positive effect of Atsttrin on osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs and the reversing effect of Atsttrin on TNF-α-inhibited PDLSCs osteogenic differentiation. Methods: PDLSCs were obtained and treated with 25 μg/L Atsttrin, 10 μg/L TNF-α, and 10 μg/L TNF-α + 25 μg/L Atsttrin, respectively. Alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) and gene/protein expression levels of ALP and runt-related transcription factor-2 (Runx2) were assessed. The formation of mineralized nodules and determination of calcium content was observed. Results: Atsttrin enhanced the ALP activity and osteogenesis gene/protein expressions of PDLSCs, and promoted the formation of mineralized nodules. At three time points, the highest osteogenic differentiation and mineralization ability of PDLSCs were found in the 25 μg/L Atsttrin group. Conclusion: Atsttrin can directly promote the osteogenic differentiation and mineralization of PDLSCs, and can reverse the inhibitory effect of TNF-α on osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation on Efficacy of Thermosensitive Minocycline and Omidazole Complex Gel in Treatment of Chronic Periodontitis WANG Li, YANG Xiaoyan 2019, 35(7): 647-650.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2019.07.008 Abstract ( 266 )   PDF (751KB) ( 248 )   Objective: To evaluate the clinical effect of thermosensitive minocycline and omidazole complex gel on chronic periodontitis. Methods: A total of 132 patients with chronic periodontitis were recruited in this prospective study and were randomly divided into observation group (n=66) and control group (n=66). Patients in control group were given minocycline ointment and patients in observation group were given thermosensitive minocycline and omidazole complex gel. The therapeutic effect, changes of periodontitis index, inflammatory factor level, and adverse reaction in two groups were compared. Results: The total effective rates were 95.45% and 83.33% in observation and control groups, respectively; the changes of periodontitis index, inflammatory factor level, and adverse reaction in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P＜0.05). Conclusion: The local application of thermosensitive minocycline and omidazole complex gel can effectively improve the clinical symptoms of patients with chronic periodontitis. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Tobacco Extract on TLR4 Inflammatory Pathway in Periodontal Tissues of Mice with Periodontitis WU Yunfei, ZHANG Li, ZHANG Xufeng, FU Qiya 2019, 35(7): 651-656.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2019.07.009 Abstract ( 210 )   PDF (4318KB) ( 210 )   Objective: To explore the effects of tobacco extract on Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) inflammatory pathway in periodontal tissues of mice with periodontitis. Methods: Rats were randomly divided into control group, model group, low, medium, and high dose groups. Micro-CT scan was used to observe periodontal bone changes. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in serum were detected by enzyme-linked immunoassay (Elisa). HE staining was used to detect the pathomorphological changes of periodontal tissues. The expressions of TLR4, tumor necrosis factor receptor related factor 6 (TRAF6), and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) in periodontal tissues were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR), immunoblotting (WB), and immunohistochemistry. Results: Bone volume ratio, bone surface area ratio, and trabecular thickness in model group were significantly decreased, trabecular space was increased, serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, expression of TLR4, TRAF6, and NF-κB in periodontal tissue were significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the bone volume ratio, bone surface area ratio, trabecular thickness, trabecular space, serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, expression of TLR4, TRAF6 and NF-κB in periodontal tissues of the tobacco extract groups were significantly increased (P<0.05). Conclusion: Tobacco extract can aggravate periodontal tissue inflammatory reaction in mice with periodontitis, which may be related to up-regulation of TLR4 signaling pathway in periodontal tissue. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Estrogen and Progesterone Modulates Proliferation and Differentiation of Human Periodontal Ligament Cells CHENG Haiyan, SHEN Lanhua, ZHANG Rui, MENG Lingna, LIU Di, XING Beiyu, TAO Guannan 2019, 35(7): 657-660.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2019.07.010 Abstract ( 165 )   PDF (850KB) ( 146 )   Objective: To detect the proliferation and the expression of related genes of osteogenic differentiation in human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) by estrogen and progesterone. Methods: The hPDLCs were isolated, cultured and stimulated with estrogen and/or progesterone for 24h or 72h. MTT assay was performed to assess the effects of estrogen and/or progesterone on cell proliferation. To quantify the effects of estrogen and/or progesterone on osteogenic differentiation of hPDLCs, real-time PCR was performed in estrogen and/or progesterone-treated hPDLCs. Results: Estrogen and/or progesterone could stimulate the proliferation of the hPDLCs, and promote the expression of PLAP-1, OPG, MGP, ODF, COL-1, and MMP-9 in hPDLCs. Furthermore, estrogen and/or progesterone exerted the synergistic effect in the promotion of cell proliferation and differentiation of hPDLCs. The effect of estrogen or progesterone treatment on osteoblast differentiation of mineralized hPDLCs cells was increased in contrast to the control group (P<0.05). The combined treatment group was significantly higher than the single treatment group (P<0.01). Conclusion: Estrogen and progesterone can synergistically stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of the hPDLCs. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Therapeutic Potentials of Metformin in Management of Oral Mucosal Ulcer in Rats: a Histological Study LIANG Zhaojia, HE Jiaxin, CHEN Ziyun, XIONG Xiaoqin, HUO Changbao, LIN Chihao, LIU Xiaoming, ZHANG Junwei, YU Ting 2019, 35(7): 661-665.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2019.07.011 Abstract ( 219 )   PDF (5206KB) ( 192 )   Objective: To explore the effects of metformin (MET) on oral mucosal ulcer (OMU). Methods: OMU models were established with trauma at bilateral buccal mucosa in SD rats (n=24). After 24 hours (d1), 20 μmol/L MET solution was injected into the ulcer base of left side (MET side) one time per day, with normal saline injected into the right side as the control. The rats were sacrificed at d2, d4, and d7, 8 rats for each time point. Ulcer size was recorded every day. Thickness and proportion of new epithelium, inflammatory cell number in connective tissue, and collagen fiber content were analyzed. Results: At d1, ulcer size showed good consistency within the same sides and between the bilateral sides (P=0.935). From d2 to d7, ulcer size was reduced (P<0.05) and collagen fiber content and thickness of new epithelium were increased persistently. Inflammatory cell number was increased from d2 to d4 and then decreased from d4 to d7 (P<0.05). Ulcer size was 16% to 37% smaller at MET side from d2 to d5 than that of control side (P<0.05), which was comparable bilaterally from d6 to d7. Inflammatory cell number was down regulated from d1 to d7 at MET side relative to that of control side (P<0.05). Collagen fiber content and thickness of new epithelium was upregulated at MET side from d2 to d4 compared with those at control side (P<0.05), which showed no difference bilaterally from d4 to d7. Conclusion: MET shows significant improving effect on OMU at early stages, which might relate to the inflammatory inhibition and reparative promotion References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of Smads Protein in Plasma of Oral Chronic Graft versus Host Disease ZHOU Yuxi, TAO Renchuan, JIANG Qiaozhi 2019, 35(7): 666-670.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2019.07.012 Abstract ( 167 )   PDF (786KB) ( 176 )   Objective: To investigate the expression and significance of Smad2, 3, 4, and 7 in plasma of patients with oral chronic graft versus host disease (cGVHD) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Methods: 18 patients with oral cGVHD after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation were selected as oral cGVHD group and recorded with the oral characterization score and VAS. 18 patients without oral cGVHD after transplantation were recruited as no-oral cGVHD group, and 18 healthy volunteers were selected as healthy controls. Three groups of blood were collected and the expressions of protein levels of Smad2, Smad3, Smad4, and Smad7 in plasma were detected by ELISA. Results: The protein levels of Smad2 [(78.00±13.53)ng/L] and Smad4 [(484.71±90.86)ng/L] in plasma of the oral cGVHD group were higher than those of the healthy controls (P<0.05), and the expression of Smad3 [(95.15±37.32)ng/L] protein was lower than that of the healthy controls (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the expression of Smad7 protein in these two groups (P>0.05) Compared with non-oral cGVHD group, oral cGVHD group had lower expression of Smad3 protein and higher expression of Smad2 and Smad7 protein (P<0.05). Conclusion: Abnormal expression of Smads protein in plasma may be involved in the occurrence of oral cGVHD References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Stress Analysis of Different Implant Tilt Angles in Insufficient Bone Mass in Maxillary Posterior Region Based on Three Dimensional Finite Element Analysis LI Xiguang, ZHI Keqian,GAO Ling,ZHANG Bo,ZHOU Minzhan,XIAO Linjing 2019, 35(7): 671-675.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2019.07.013 Abstract ( 217 )   PDF (3710KB) ( 258 )   Objective: To evaluate the stress analysis of the surrounding bone tissue caused by the change of implant angle under different bone types in the case of insufficient bone mass in the maxillary posterior region by using three dimensional finite element analysis. Methods: SolidWorks 2015 software was used to establish the models of maxillary, implant, abutment, and dental crown. The maxillary model was defined as two bone types, D2 and D3. Each type of maxillary was classified into three categories according to the angle of implant placement, including vertical implant, 30 degree tilted implant, and 45 degree tilted implant. In the vertical implant, artificial bones were built under the maxillary model to simulate sinus floor elevation. The assembly was established, a force of 150N was applied at the top of the dental crown, with an angle of 45 degrees to the center. The stress distribution of surrounding bone tissue was analyzed. Results: The stress in D3 bone model was higher than that in D2 bone model. In the cortical bone, the stress in the vertical implant model was the minimum, followed by the 45 degree tilted model, and the maximum stress was in the 30 degree tilted model. Conclusion: In the maxillary posterior region with insufficient bone mass, the stress of tilted implant on surrounding bone tissue was higher than that of vertical implant. Sinus floor elevation and implant vertical implantation surgery was the preferred treatment. The 45 degree tilted implant was more advantageous than 30 degree one when tilted implant was undertaken References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical Application of Concentrated Growth Factors in Guided Bone Regeneration of Maxillary Anterior Region YU Wenfeng, ZHAO Shijun, LV Minmin, CUI Fenglin, KANG Meizhen, ZHANG Zhiyuan 2019, 35(7): 676-680.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2019.07.014 Abstract ( 273 )   PDF (1929KB) ( 315 )   Objective: To evaluate the clinical effect of guided bone regeneration by using concentrated growth factors (CGF) in maxillary anterior region. Methods: 65 patients with single anterior tooth labial bone defect were enrolled and randomly divided into experimental group (32 cases) and control group (31 cases). The experimental group was treated with CGF combined with Bio-oss and covered with CGF membrane, and the control group was treated with Bio-oss and covered with biological membrane. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) was performed at baseline, immediate, and 6 months post-surgery, and the keratinized gingiva width was measured at baseline and 6 months post-surgery. The changes of clinical and CBCT data were compared between two groups. Results: There was a statistically significant increase in the horizontal bone width in both groups between baseline and post-surgery (P＜0.01) . Six months postoperatively, the gain of horizontal bone in the experimental groups was significantly higher than that in the control group (P＜0.05). The test group showed statistically significantly lower bone absorption rate than the control group (P＜0.05). Six months after operation, there was a statistically significant increase in the keratinized gingiva width in the experimental group compared with baseline (P＜0.05), however, there were no changes in the control group (P＞0.05). Conclusion: The application of CGF in guided bone regeneration of maxillary anterior region showed better effect on the regeneration of the soft and hard tissue. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of the Restoration after Using Two Types of Crown Lengthening Templates LIU Qiong, SUN Jiang, XING Wenzhong 2019, 35(7): 681-685.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2019.07.015 Abstract ( 226 )   PDF (1929KB) ( 219 )   Objective: To evaluate the effect of compression mold template and diagnose mock-up surgical template in the crown lengthening. Methods: Thirty patients who needed anterior crown lengthening were randomly divided into two groups. The compression mold group used compression mold guide template for 15 patients and 76 affected teeth, and the diagnose mock-up group used diagnostic mock-up surgical template for 15 patients and 80 affected teeth. 6 months and one year after surgery, the probing depth (PD), restoration margins to gingiva distance, the quality of restoration, and pink esthetic score (PES) were evaluated, and then statistical analysis. Results: The periodontal conditions of two groups were good after surgery, only one site PD of 5mm appeared on the adjacent surface of the compression mold group one year after surgery, and the remaining sites were less than 4mm. 6 months after surgery, two groups of restoration margins under 1 mm to 1 mm on the gingiva, differences between two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). After one year, two groups of restoration margins under 2 mm to 1 mm on the gingiva, restoration margins to gingiva adjacent surface distance difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). There were more sites at the gingival margin level in the diagnose mock-up group. After surgery, grade C was not found in the prosthesis shape accuracy and edge closeness, grade A ratio in the diagnose mock-up group was higher than that in the compression mold group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Grade A was found in the surface smoothness. After surgery, PES score of the compression mold group was lower than that of the diagnose mock-up group (P<0.05). Conclusion: The accuracy of the diagnose mock-up surgical template is relatively high, and the postoperative repair effect is more stable. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Extraction of Deeply Impacted Supernumerary Tooth in Anterior Maxilla through the Floor of Nasal Cavity CUI Qingying, CHEN Siyu, FU Shuai, ZHANG Changbin, MA Wen, LI Ming 2019, 35(7): 686-689.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2019.07.016 Abstract ( 218 )   PDF (2810KB) ( 190 )   Objective: To explore a more convenient, safe, and effective tooth extraction method. Methods: 40 patients (44 supernumerary teeth) with embedded supernumerary supraversion teeth in the maxillary central incisor area of our department from January 2015 to September 2018 were selected. The cone-beam CT examination was conducted before operation. According to the pre-operative images, the subjects were divided into 4 groups. In the experimental group, the extraction was performed by using the turbine antihorn handpiece through the nasal floor approach, while in the control group, the extraction was through the labial approach and palatal approach. The intraoperative blood loss and operation time were recorded. The postoperative pain was quantified by visual analogue scale. Results: The extraction time of experimental group A was shorter than that of the control group A (P<0.05). The intraoperative blood loss in experimental group A was less than that in control group A (P<0.05). The pain in experimental group A was lower than that in control group A (P<0.05). The extraction time of experimental group B was shorter than that of the control group B (P<0.05). The intraoperative blood loss in experimental group B was less than that in control group B (P<0.05). In terms of postoperative pain, there was no statistical difference between experimental group B and control group B. Conclusion: Extraction of embedded supernumerary supraversion teeth in maxillary central incisor area by nasal approach not only reduced operation time and bleeding amount, but also reduced the postoperative response and complications. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Calcitonin on Alveolar Bone Resorption GAO Li, GAO Ying, ZHOU Genxiang, WANG Can, ZHANG Xiaomin 2019, 35(7): 690-694.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2019.07.017 Abstract ( 208 )   PDF (3964KB) ( 237 )   Objective: To evaluate the effect of a local treatment of calcitonin on the alveolar fossa following tooth extraction in rats. Methods: Twenty-seven SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: control group, gelatin sponge group, and calcitonin+gelatin sponge group. The model of residual alveolar bone resorption was established by extracting the left mandibular incisor. Rats were sacrificed at 4, 8, and 12 weeks after operation. The alveolar fossae were assessed by CBCT, dual-energy X-ray, histology, TRAP staining, and immunohistochemistry. Results: At 4, 8 and 12 weeks, calcitonin+gelatin sponge rats showed less resorption of the residual alveolar ridge, better bone mineral density and bone mass than gelatin sponge rats and control rats, however there was no significant difference between gelatin sponge rats and control rats. The positive expression of calcitonin receptor, the number of TRAP-positive cells and RANKL/OPG ratio in the control group and gelatin sponge group were higher than those in the calcitonin+gelatin sponge group at 4 weeks. Conclusion: Local treatment of calcitonin at the site of alveolar fossae following tooth extraction could effectively inhibit the resorption of alveolar bone, which may be mediated through the combination of calcitonin and calcitonin receptor to inhibit osteoclasts. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin Signaling Pathway on Development of Upper Lip LI Zhicong, ZOU Rui, Hye-Jin Tak, Sang-Hwy Lee, PIAO Zhengguo 2019, 35(7): 695-700.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2019.07.018 Abstract ( 196 )   PDF (6425KB) ( 181 )   Objective: To investigate the effect of inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin signal on the growth of upper lip. Methods: The maxillary prominence of chicken embryo was implanted the beads impregnated with XAV939 and DMSO and implanted without beads into in the H-H22 stage. The experimental group, control group, and sham group were constructed separately. The incubation was continued until the H-H38 stage. The development of the upper lip of the embryo was observed and recorded by stereomicroscopy and micro-CT. Results: After the Wnt/β-catenin signal was inhibited, the fusion of the maxillary prominence and the frontonasal mass and the lateral nasal prominence of the chicken embryo implanted at the H-H28 stage was delayed, and the upper lip of the chicken embryo implanted-side of the H-H38 stage was delayed in development. The midline was biased toward the implanted side. In addition, the development of the bilateral upper lip of the normal side of the experimental group, the control group, and the sham group was not affected. Conclusion: In the development of the upper lip of the chicken embryo, by inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signal, the fusion of the maxillary prominence, and the frontonasal mass can be delayed so that the development of the upper lip was delayed, leading to the insufficient development or deformity of maxilla bone. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparative Study on Three Traumatic Scores for Mandibular Fracture Scores CHENG Huimin, ZHUANG Fanglu, Adili·Moming 2019, 35(7): 701-703.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2019.07.019 Abstract ( 200 )   PDF (740KB) ( 156 )   Objective: To compare the scores of the three kinds of trauma scoring methods for mandibular fracture injury and to analyze the statistical evaluation of the scores of the following mandibular injuries. Methods: A total of 372 patients (wound period <2 weeks) with mandibular trauma were assessed with MISS, MFISS, and mandibular injury severity scores (S5) for maxillary trauma scores. The results were compared and analyzed. Results: The MISS method and the MFISS method could accurately differentiate single from multiple mandibular injuries. They were more meaningful for evaluating different sites of mandibular fractures compared with the mandibular injury severity score (S5) method. Conclusion: For mandibular fractures, the mandibular injury score (S5) is less sensitive than the MISS and MFISS. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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TH287 Inhibits Proliferation and Metastasis of CAL27 SHAN Qiusheng, LI Guolin, XU Jiaqi 2019, 35(7): 704-707.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2019.07.020 Abstract ( 202 )   PDF (1272KB) ( 189 )   Objective: To test the inhibition of TH287 on the proliferation and metastasis of CAL27. Methods: MTT assay was used to test the inhibition of TH287 on the proliferation of CAL27 and ascertain the appropriate concentration. The promotion of TH287 on the apoptosis of CAL27 was tested by the flow cytometry. The inhibition of TH287 on the MTH1 expression was examined by the western blot. The inhibition of TH287 on the metastasis of CAL27 was examined by the scratch test and Transwell (migration). Results: TH287 could inhibit the proliferation of CAL27 effectively and the appropriate concentration was 100 μM. TH287 could also promote the apoptosis of CAL27 and inhibit the MTH1 expression. In addition, the metastasis of CAL27 was also inhibited by the TH287. Conclusion: TH287 could inhibit the proliferation and promote the apoptosis of CAL27. Meanwhile, the metastasis of CAL27 was also inhibited by TH287. The inhibition of TH287 on the proliferation and metastasis of CAL27 may be caused by the suppression of MTH1 expression. Therefore, TH287 has great potential to be a new drug in targeted therapy. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 on Bone Development and Remodeling of Postnatal Mice CHAI Jihua, LI Yuqing, YUAN Guohua, ZHANG Yufeng 2019, 35(7): 708-711.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2019.07.021 Abstract ( 245 )   PDF (2592KB) ( 242 )   Objective: To investigate the effect of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) on the development and remodeling of femur and craniofacial bone in postnatal mice. Methods: X-ray projection, Micro-CT scanning, three-dimensional imaging, and histological staining were used to observe and analyze the characteristics of bone of MMP-9-/- mice with wild-type mice at different developmental stages. Results: Compared with the wild-type mice, the femoral trabecular thickness of adult mice was lower than that of wild-type mice. Fat cells were abundant in the bone marrow cavity at 12-week-old MMP-9-/- mice. The degree of skull mineral density in MMP-9-/- mice was lower than that of normal mice. Conclusion: MMP-9 gene deletion inhibited the development and remodeling of femoral and craniofacial bones in mice, suggesting that MMP-9 plays an important role in bone development and bone homeostasis. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Cinnamaldehyde on Proliferation and Differentiation of MC3T3-E1 Osteoblasts Induced by High Glucose WANG Songsong, MA Xiangrui, ZHANG Yuntao 2019, 35(7): 712-715.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2019.07.022 Abstract ( 191 )   PDF (3092KB) ( 225 )   Objective: To observe the effects of cinnamaldehyde (CA) on the proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts induced by high glucose. Methods: MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured in glucose (25 mmol/L) with 0 (control), 10, 20, and 40 mg/L CA. Cell proliferation, ALP activity, and alizarin red staining was measured. Morphology of the cytoskeleton was observed by confocal laser scanning microscope. Expression levels of osteogenesis related genes OCN mRNA were detected by real-time PCR. Results: CA could promote the proliferation and ALP activity of osteoblasts in high glucose environment (P<0.05). The number and the volume of mineralized nodules increased. The expression of OCN mRNA in the experimental group was significantly up-regulated (P<0.05). When the concentration of CA was 10mg/L and 20mg/L, the cell spreading area was increased and the cytoskeleton was clearer. Conclusion: CA can promote the proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3-E1. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Calcium Silicate Incorporation on Collagen-chitosan Scaffold LI Baoyin, BAN Shuofeng, DAI Huanyan, DUAN Congcong, XU Hongwei, HAN Bing 2019, 35(7): 716-720.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2019.07.023 Abstract ( 197 )   PDF (1759KB) ( 148 )   Objective: To explore the effect of calcium silicate incorporation on collagen-chitosan scaffold. Methods: The scaffolds with 0%, 1%, 2%, 5%, and 8% (w/v) calcium silicate were prepared by freeze-drying method. The physicochemical properties of the scaffolds were tested by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and universal testing machine. The changes of biological properties were detected by simulating mineralization and cell culture in vitro. Results: With the increase of calcium silicate, the compressive elastic modulus and degradation rate of the scaffolds increased while the porosity decreased gradually compared to the control group (0% calcium silicate, P<0.05). The experimental group could promote the proliferation of osteoblasts and the expression of ALP (P<0.05). Moreover, varying amount of HA crystals were deposited in different experimental groups, while no HA crystal was deposited in the control group. Conclusion: Appropriate amount of calcium silicate can enhance the physicochemical properties of collagen-chitosan scaffold and promote osteogenesis and mineralization in vitro suggesting a potential scaffold for bone tissue engineering. References | Related Articles | Metrics